• Title/Summary/Keyword: TDN

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Effect of Scoria, Quartz Porphyry and Oak Charcoal Powder Feeding on the Meat Quantity and Quality of Fattening Cross Bred Hanwoo Bulls (점토광물 급여가 한우교잡우의 산육능력 및 육질에 미치는 영향)

  • 강수원;손용석;박남건;진신흠;고서봉
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.157-170
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    • 1999
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Scoria, Quartz porphyry and Oak charcoal powder feeding by 1% level of concentrate on the fattening cross bred bulls(5/8 Korean Native Cattle, 2/8 Charolais, 1/8 Brahman germ plasma) Feeding trial was conducted with 4 treatment groups which were T1(Full feeding of concentrate and roughage for 12 months), T2(T1 and Scoria addition), T3(T1 and Quartz porphyry addition) and T4(Oak charcoal addition) for 360 days, consisting of 32 heads whose initially weights were about 299.7kg. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. During the over-all period, average daily gains by T3, T4, T2 and T1 were 1.024, 0.987, 0.977kg and 0.964, respectively, without a significant difference by treatments. 2. Concentrate intakes per body weight and TDN intakes required per unit of kilogram gain were lower in addition agent groups than in control, and in all the treatments feed efficiency was higher at early stage for 360 fattening day than at end stage. 3. Carcass weight, dressing percent, back-fat thickness and loin eye muscle area by treatments were 330.9 to 348.4kg(average 340.3kg), 55.2~56.2(average 55.8%), 0.41~0.55(average 0.46cm)and 76.0~80.9$\textrm{cm}^2$(average 77.6$\textrm{cm}^2$), respectively, and were improved in addition agent groups than in control. 4. Meat quality grade is higher in addition agent groups than in control, and heads of 1st grade by treatments was 3, 2, 1 and none in T4, T2, T3 and T1, respectively. 5. Incidence heads of diseases by treatment were not apparently different, but diseases of digestive system was decreased in addition agent groups than in control. 6. The nitrate nitrogen content of fattening bull dung which collected in rectum were 0.082~0.089% (average 0.084%), and the content in addition agent groups was smaller than in controll. 7. Income was higher in order of T4, T3, T2, and T1 and incomes of treatment groups were grater than that of control group by 21.4 to 33.5 percent. According to the above results it may be concluded that fattening bulls may be required to feed no more than 1% of Scoria, Quartz porphyry and Oak charcoal powder based on the concentrate feeding level during the fattening period(12 to 24 month of age) to produce high quality meat and increase income.

Effects of Intake on Digestibility of Grass Silage Harvested at Different Cutting Dates (예취시기를 달리한 Silage의 섭취량이 소화율에 미치는 영향)

  • 성경일;김창주;김동암
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.176-179
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    • 1985
  • Digestion trials were conducted to evaluate intake and digestibility of grass harvested at different dates. Silage was prepared from first-growth forage (predominantly timothy) which cutting dates; 4 June (vegetative, called early-cut) and 30 June (heading, called late-cut). The silage was fed to wethers at restricted and ad libitum levels of intake. The crude protein and crude fat of silage decreased with advancing maturity, while contents of fibre increased. DM intake of early-cut and late-cut silage were $99g/W_{kg}^{0.75}\;and\;75g/W_{kg}^{0.75}$, respectively. In digestibility and TDN, significant differences (p<0.01) between early-cut and late-cut silage were found. There was no significant difference in DM digestibility of early-cut silage between restricted and ad libitum feeding, but DM digestibility was decreased markedly in ad libitum feeding that out of account in fecal condition. Digestibility of all composition in early-cut silage, except for hemicellulose, was not observed with increasing levels of intake. Digestibility of crude protein, NDF and hemicellulose in late-cut silage were decreased (p<0.05) in ad libitum when compared with restricted feeding. Results of this study suggest that digestibility of early and late forages harvested as silage varies with levels of intake. Thus, relationship levels of intake and digestibility must be considered cautiously.

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Potential effects of Novel Lactic Acid Bacteria on Fermentation Quality of Rye Haylage (신규 젖산균 첨가가 저 수분 호밀 사일리지의 발효 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Ki Choon;Soundarrajan, Ilavenil;Srisesharam, Srigopalram;Park, Hyung Soo;Kim, Ji Hye;Jung, Jeong Sung;Kim, Hyun Seup
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.23-28
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    • 2016
  • The present study was carried out to explore the potential effects of novel lactic acid bacteria Pediococcus penticeous KCC-23 (KCC-23) and Lactobacillus plantarum KCC-24 (KCC-24) on rye haylage fermentation at National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan province in Korea. The experiment contains three different groups such as control without lactic acid bacteria, rye haylage with KCC-23 and rye haylage KCC-24. After experimental periods, the content of crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), the activity of total digestible nutrient (TDN) and In-vitro digestibility (IVD) was similar in control and LAB treated haylage (p<0.05). The pH was reduced in KCC-23 and KCC-24 treated rye haylage as compared to control (p<0.05). The lactic acid concentration in haylages was increased by L. plantarum KCC-23, and KCC-24 supplement. Whereas, the less amount of acetic acid and butyric acid was noted in KCC-23 and KCC-24 treated haylage as compared with control (p<0.05). The KCC-23 and KCC-24 were dominantly grown in experimental haylage as compared with control. It indicates, the addition of KCC-23, and KCC-24 enhances fermentation quality of haylages as compared control. The present study suggests that KCC-23 and KCC-24 are potent strains that were improving the fermentation process in rye haylage

Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Chlorella on Nutritive Values and Quality of Italian Ryegrass-Alfalfa Silage (젖산균과 클로렐라 첨가가 이탈리안라이그라스-알팔파 혼파 사일리지의 사료가치 및 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Ki Choon;Arasu, M. Valan;Ilavenil, S.;Park, Hyung Su;Jung, Min Woong;Lee, Sang Hack;Jung, Jeong Sung;Hwangbo, Soon;Kim, Won Ho;Lim, Young Chul
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 2014
  • To provide the basic data on the utilization of chlorella as a method to improve the quality of forage, we examined the effect of the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and chlorella on the change of nutritive value, quality and microbes on Italian ryegrass and alfalfa mixture silage (IRG-Alfalfa silage). The nutritive values of IRG-Alfalfa silage were not significantly different in all treatments. The pH of IRG-Alfalfa silage decreased in both LAB and chlorella treatments. Further the content of lactic acid in the LAB treatment increased as compared to the control, and also significantly increased in the treatment of LAB with chlorella (p<0.05). In addition, the number of LAB increased in lactic acid bacteria treatment as compared to the control, and also increased in the treatment of LAB with chlorella (p<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that LAB and chlorella would improve the quality of IRG-Alfalfa silage.

Study on Nutritive Value and In Situ Ruminal Degradability of Whole Crop Rice Silage Prepared Using Chucheongbyeo (추청벼 총체 사일리지의 사료가치 및 부위별 In situ 분해율에 관한 연구)

  • Ki, Kwang Seok;Park, Su Bum;Lim, Dong Hyun;Park, Seong Min;Kim, Sang Bum;Kwon, Eung Gi;Lee, Se Young;Choi, Ki Chon
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.240-244
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    • 2013
  • We investigated the nutritive value and ruminal in situ dry matter degradability of whole crop rice silage prepared using Chucheongbyeo (WCRS) as a roughage source for ruminants. The crude protein (7.54%), acid detergent fiber (29.63%), neutral detergent fiber (62.98%), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) (57.88%) found higher in WCRS than those of rice straw. Manganese content in the WCRS was the highest, followed by carbon, iron, zinc, and copper, but magnesium content was the lowest. Glutamic acid content in WCRS was the highest, followed by leucine, asparagine, alanine, valine, arginine, and methionine content was the lowest. We examined ruminal in situ digestibility from total whole crop rice (TWCR), rice husks containing rice (RHR), whole crop rice except RHR (WER), and husked grain (HG) for 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Ruminal in situ digestibility in the HG was the highest, followed by RHR, TWCR, and WER. Therefore, we suggest that ruminal in situ degradability was influenced by parts of whole crop rice, and the content of manganese and glutamic acid were the highest in WCRS.

Effect of Seeding Density and Seeding Methods on the Dry Matter Yield of Barnyard Millet

  • Lee, Bae Hun;Yang, Seung Hak;Oh, Mirae;Choi, Ki Choon;Park, Hyung Soo
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.205-209
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    • 2021
  • Barnyard millet (Echinochloa esculenta) can be processed through soiling, hay, and silage, depending on the weather conditions during harvesting. However, research on barnyard millet is insufficient, and standards for cultivar, seeding density, and fertilizers have not been established. This study was conducted to examine the effects of seeding density and seeding methods on dry matter yields. For this, we used the early-maturing (Shirohie millet) variety of the barnyard millet. The experimental design included different seeding density (10 kg/ha, 15 kg/ha, 20 kg/ha (standard seeding density), 25 kg/ha and 30 kg/ha), and different methods of seeding (drill seeding and broadcast seeding). The seeding date was May 13, 2021, and the harvest date was July 13, 2021. Harvesting was carried out when the heading reached 40 %. Lodging occurred at 5, 9 and 7 at 20, 25 and 30 kg/ha densities in the broadcast seeding, but not in the drill seeding. With decreasing density of seeding, tillage number showed an increasing trend in both drill seeding and broadcast seeding (p>0.05). The plant heights were comparable in both drill seeding and broadcast seeding (p>0.05). The heading stage of barnyard millet was checked July 7 for drill seeding, and, on July 8 for broadcast seeding. It took 62 days, i.e., till July 13 for the heading to reach 40 % of the output. The dry matter yield of barnyard millet was significantly higher at the seeding density of 30 kg/ha, for both the methods of seeding (p<0.05). There was no difference in the chemical composition of grain, based on the seeding method and seeding density. However, as the seeding density increased, the CP, NDF, ADF, and TDN contents increased in both drill seeding and broadcast seeding. We found that, the dry matter content was the highest at the seeding density of 30 kg/ha for both the methods of seeding, but this was only 1.3 times higher than that of 10 kg/ha. Considering the seed price and labor force involved in seeding, it is advisable to have a seeding density of 15-20 kg/ha.

'Gwanghan', A New Forage Winter Oat Cultivar for the Mid-Southern Regions of Korea (중남부지역 적응 내한 다수 조사료용 월동귀리 신품종 '광한')

  • Han, Ouk-Kyu;Park, Tae-Il;Seo, Jae-Hwan;Park, Ki-Hun;Park, Hyong-Ho;Kim, Kyeong-Hoon;Kim, Ki-Jong;Ju, Jung-Il;Jang, Young-Jik;Park, Nam-Geon;Kim, Jung-Gon
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.226-230
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    • 2010
  • 'Gwanghan' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2009. It was derived from a cross between 'Early80' and 'Gwiri23'. A parent, 'Early80', has early heading and high yielding, while Gwiri23 has mid-heading with large-size grain. Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon and Yeoncheon, respectively. A line, 'SO96016-B-112-YB-12-7', was selected for earliness, cold tolerance, and good agronomic characteristics and designated as a line name of 'Gwiri64'. The line was subsequently evaluated for cold tolerance, earliness, and forage yield in four different locations, Yesan, Iksan, Kimjae, and Jeju, from 2007 to 2009, and finally named as 'Gwanghan'. Over 3 years, the average forage dry matter yield of 'Gwanghan' harvested at milk-ripe stage was $16.4MT\;ha^{-1}$, compared with $15.4MT\;ha^{-1}$ of check cultivar 'Samhan'. 'Gwanghan's' heading date is about 3 days earlier than that of check cultivar, and is adapted primarily for winter cultivation in the mid-southern regions of Korean peninsula.

A New Early-Heading and High-Yielding Forage Winter Oat Cultivar, "Punghan" (내한 조숙 다수 추파 조사료용 귀리 신품종 "풍한")

  • Han, Ouk-Kyu;Park, Hyong-Ho;Heo, Hwa-Young;Park, Tae-Il;Seo, Jae-Hwan;Park, Ki-Hun;Kim, Jung-Gon;Ju, Jung-Il;Hong, Yun-Gi;Jeung, Jae-Hyun;Park, Nam-Geon
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.168-172
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    • 2009
  • 'Punghan' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2008. It was derived from a cross between 'Beltsville 61-150 (IT133501)' and $F_1$ between 'Sikyonggwiri' and 'PA202-210'. A oat cultivar from USA, 'Beltsville 61-150', has a high cold tolerance, while the $F_1$ between 'Sikyonggwiri' and 'PA202-210' has early heading and high yielding with large-size grain. Subsequent enerations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon and Yeoncheon, respectively. A line, 'SO99013-B-YB-31', was selected for earliness and good agronomic characteristics and designated as a line name of 'Gwiri 60'. The line 'Gwiri 60' was subsequently evaluated for winter hardiness, earliness, and forage yield in five locations, Yesan, Cheongwon, Iksan, Kimjae, and Jeju, from 2006 to 2008 and finally named as 'Punghan'. Over 3 years, the average forage dry matter yield of 'Punghan' harvested at milk-ripe stage was $14.5\;ton\;ha^{-1}$, compared with $13.6\;ton\;ha^{-1}$ of check cultivar 'Samhan'. 'Punghan' is about 2 days earlier in heading date than check cultivar. 'Punghan' is adapted primarily for winter planting use in the mid-southern regions of Korean peninsula.

'Choyoung', Triticale Cultivar for Forage of Early-Heading, Resistance to Lodging and High Seed Production (조숙 내도복 종실 다수성 조사료용 트리티케일 품종 '조영')

  • Han, Ouk-Kyu;Park, Hyung-Ho;Park, Tae-Il;Oh, Young-Jin;Ahn, Jong-Woong;Ku, Ja-Hwan
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.68-74
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    • 2019
  • 'Choyoung', a winter forage triticale cultivar (X Triticosecale Wittmack), was developed at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2015. The cultivar 'Choyoung' has the leaves of medium width, long length and green color and a medium grain of brown color. The heading date of the cultivar 'Choyoung' was April 30 which was 2 days earlier than that of check cultivar 'Shinyoung'. Its tolerance or resistance to cold, wet injury, powdery mildew, and leaf rust was similar to those of the check cultivar. But the resistance to the lodging of cultivar 'Choyoung' was stronger than that of the check. The average forage fresh and dry matter yield of cultivar 'Choyoung' at milk-ripe stages were 40.5 and $15.7MT\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, which were similar to those (40.3 and $16.1MT\;ha^{-1}$) of the check cultivar. The silage quality of 'Choyoung' was higher than that of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' in crude protein content (5.9%), while was similar to the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' in acid detergent fiber (33.9%), neutral detergent fiber (57.3%), and total digestible nutrients (62.2%). It showed a grain yield of $5.59MT\;ha^{-1}$, which was 38% higher than that of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' ($4.05MT\;ha^{-1}$). This cultivar is recommended for fall sowing forage crops in areas in which average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than $-10^{\circ}C$.

Development and Characterization of New Tall fescue Variety 'Greenmaster4ho' (톨 페스큐 신품종 '그린마스터4호'의 품종 특성 및 수량성)

  • Lee, Ki-Won;Ji, Hee Jung;Choi, Gi Jun;Kim, Ji Hye;Song, Yowook;Woo, Jae-Hoon;Lee, Sang-Hoon
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.280-285
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    • 2018
  • A new variety of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) named 'Greenmaster4ho' was developed during the cultivation year 2010-2017 at Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Korea. In order to produce this new variety, 5 superior tall fescue lines including 12XFa07, 12XFa15, 12XFa24, 12XFa46, and 12XFa48 were polycrossed. The new variety Greenmaster4ho was evaluated in field test (Cheonan, Pyeongchang, Jeju, and Jinju) for determining the agronomic growth characteristics and forage production capability during 3 years (2015-2017). The dry matter yield (16,236 kg/ha) of Greenmaster4ho was 5 % higher than Fawn, but the nutritive value as forage crops was not significantly different with Fawn. Development of new tall fescue variety with excellent adaptability to changing unfavorable environment would be useful for forage cultivation and yield in Korean environment.