• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.123-134
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• 1997

The effects of cutting 6equency and nitrogen fertilization on feed values of reed canarygrass were investigated in uncultivated rice paddy and the attemp was made to estimate the economical and efficient levels of nitrogen fertilization for the increased production of nutrients in reed canarygrass. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Crude protein(CP) content was higher at 1st cut of all treatments(12.5% in 3 cutting 6equency; 19, 7% in 4 cutting frequency; 22.5% in 5 cutting kquency). However, Total Digestible Nutrients(TDN) and Relative Feed Value(RFV) in 3 and 4 cutting 6equencies were higher at 3rd cut(63.5%, 126.8) and 4th cut(65.7%, 146.4) respectively in which the contents of Neutral Detergent Fiber(NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber(ADF) were lowest. In 5 cutting frequency, 1st cut showed the highest TDN and RFV as 70.5% and 232.4 respectively. 2. The level of nitrogen fertilization affected CP content of reed canarygrass. Nitrogen fertilization of 120kgl halcut showed high CP contents of 11.4, 14.7 and 16.5% in 3, 4 and 5 cutting eequency respectively. In 3 and 4 cutting frequency, TDN and RFV were highest with nitrogen fertilization of 90kg/ha/cut where NDF and ADF were lowest, however those in 5 cutting frequency were highest with nitrogen fertilization of 30kg/ha/cut. 3. The yields of CP varied according to the number of cutting frequency and those were 0.45~0.65 in 3 cutting hquency, 0.35~0.50 in 4 cutting frequency, and 0.19~0.67tond/ha in 5 cutting 6equency respectively and TDN was 2.09~3.60, 1.64~2.77 and 0.73~2.96tons/ha respectively. 4. The ratios between the yields of CP and TDN were 5.48, 4.60 and 4.34 in 3, 4 and 5 cutting 6equency respectively and it indicates lower ratio in result of higher number of cutting 6equency. 5. Higher nitrogen fertilization increased the yields of CP and TDN. The yields of CP were higher in 5 cutting frequency as 1.55~2.62tons/ha than of 3(1.20~1.91tons/ha) and 4 cutting frequency(1.35-2.23tons/ha). The yields of TDN were 6.31~9.93, 5.99~9.99 and 7.16~10.57tons/ha in 3, 4 and 5 cutting frequency respectively. 6. The levels of nitrogen fertilization for high production efficiency of crude protein(kg CPYkg N) was estimated as 113.4~302.5kg/ha and it resulted in 1.44~2.09ton/ha of CP yields. The levels of nitrogen fertilization for high production efficiency of dry matter was 199.2-361.3kgha in which nitrogen were fertilized below 400kg/ha and it resulted in 1.64~2.17ton/ha of CP yields. 7. The levels of nitrogen fertilization for high production efficiency of total digestible nutrients(kg TDNYkg N) were 149.9~294.1kg/ha in 3 and 4 cutting kequency and it resulted in 8.66~8.89ton/ha of TDN yileds. With the levels of nitrogen fertilization for high production efficiency of dry matter of 199.2~361.3kg/ha, TDN yields were high as 8.77~9.94ton/ha.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2019

본 연구는 중부 내륙지방에서 벼 수확 후 호밀, 귀리, 트리티케일 및 이탈리안 라이그라스를 파종하여 생육특성, 수량성 및 사료가치를 검정한 다음 벼 수확 후 재배에 유리한 월동 사료작물을 선발하기 위하여 실시하였다. 실험설계는 4초종(호밀, 귀리, 트리티케일 그리고 이탈리안 라이그라스)으로 하고, 품종은 각각 마톤, 동한, 신영 및 코윈어리로 난괴법 3반복 실시하였다. 파종일은 10월 24일(벼 수확 후)에 하였으며, 수확은 이듬해 5월 23일에 실시하였다. 건물수량 및 TDN 수량은 호밀이 가장 높게 나타난 반면 귀리가 가장 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 조단백질 및 조지방 함량은 이탈리안 라이그라스가 다른 초종 보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 조회분 및 ADF함량은 월동 사료작물 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). NDF 함량은 호밀 > 트리티케일 > 귀리 > 이탈리안 라이그라스 순으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 그리고 TDN 함량은 이탈리안 라이그라스 > 귀리 > 트리티케일 > 호밀 순으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 총 구성 아미노산 함량은 단백질함량이 높았던 작물 순(이탈리안 라이그라스 > 귀리 > 트리티케일 > 호밀)으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 총 무기물 함량은 호밀 > 트리티케일 > 귀리 > 이탈리안 라이그라스 순으로 나타났다. 유리당 함량은 귀리 > 이탈리안 라이그라스 > 트리티케일 > 호밀 순으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 이탈리안 라이그라스와 귀리는 조단백질, TDN, 구성 아미노산, 유리당 함량이 높아 사료가치는 매우 양호하였으나 파종적기를 벗어난 늦은 파종으로 인하여 건물수량이 낮았다. 그리고 호밀과 트리티케일은 사료가치는 떨어지지 만 높은 수량을 확보(건물수량 및 TDN 수량)할 수 있는 장점이 있었다. 따라서 중부 내륙지방에서 벼 수확 후 다음 해에 모심기 전까지 논토양을 이용하기 적합한 월동 사료작물 재배는 호밀과 트리티케일이 유리할 것으로 판단된다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2016

본 연구는 국내 실정에 맞는 적정 TDN/CP 비율을 결정하기 위하여 4.6:1(T1)과 4.3:1(T2)의 비율로 생후 13개월령 육성우에게 급여하여 영양소 섭취량, 소화율, 반추 위액 특성 및 혈액조성에 대하여 조사하였다. 건물 섭취량은 9.0kg/day로 동일하였으며, 조단백질 섭취량은 T1이 1.34kg/day, T2가 1.45kg/day로 T2가 조금 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 섬유소 섭취량과 소화율은 T1이 조금 높은 경향을 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 사료 섭취 후 4시간째 위액의 pH, ammonia-N, VFA 농도를 비교한 결과 처리구간 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 전반적인 VFA 수치는 TDN/CP 비율에 따라 큰 영향이 없었으나 T1 처리구에서 iso-butyrate, iso-valerate 및 A/P ratio가 유의적으로 높은 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 혈액 특성에는 처리구간 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. TDN/CP 비율이 4.3:1과 4.6:1 수준은 반추위 특성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 소화율과 비교하였을 때 생후 13개월령 육성우 시기에는 섬유소 섭취량과 소화율이 증가되는 4.6:1 수준이 보다 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to compare chemical composition, TDN yield of corn-soybean intercropping and corn monocropping forage plants at different harvesting time and obtained the following results. 1. In both cropping systems, the content of chemical composition of forage were changed same pattern in growing stage. The content of crude protein in corn-soybean intercropping forage at yellow stage increased more than that of corn nonocropping forage, while the crude fat in corn monocropping forage plants increased than that of corn-soybean intercropping forage plants at mature stage. 2. The crude fiber, crude ash, ADF content of forage plants in both cropping system decreased same pattern in growing period, however, NFE content of forage increased with maturity. 3. TDN yield of corn-soybean intercropping and corn monocropping forage plants at yellow stage obtained similar results and TDN yield per 10a in intercropping and monocropping were 1006.lkg and 978.6kg, respectively. 4. Consequently, corn-soybean interaopping system could be increased crude protein yield without decreasing of dry matter yield in comparison with corn monocropping system for corn silage.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.201-205
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• 1994

The objectives of this research are to determine the seasonal and varietal differences of total digestible nutrients(TDN) and in vitro dry matter digestibility(1VDMD) of tall fescue grown in Takwalyon areas, based on the data of preceding paper(Lee et al. 1994b). The results are may be summarized as follows : 1. The values of total digestible nutrients(TDN) and in vitro dry matter digestibility(1VDMD) in 1st cutting were lower than the values of 2nd and 3rd cutting, and it was due to different stages of growth and seasonal difference of climatic conditions in this areas. 2. The relative yield(RY) had negative significantly correlation with in vitm dry matter digestibility(1VDMD) of 1st cutting. 3. Total digestible nutrients(TDN) indicated high positive significant correlation with in vitro dry matter digestility (IVDMD) in all cuttings. 4. The variety of Johnstone showed a high values of total digestible nutrients(TDN) and in vitm dry matter digestibility(1VDMD) of 2nd and 3rd cutting, but Fuego was lower than the other varieties.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2016

본 연구는 수정 전 단계인 생후 12~14개월령의 육성우에게 급여하는 사료의 적정 영양소 수준에 대해 알아보고자 에너지와 단백질의 비율에 따른 영양소 이용성 및 증체량에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 건물 섭취량은 T1 (TDN/CP 비율, 5.0:1), T2 (TDN/CP 비율, 4.5:1) 그리고 T3 (TDN/CP 비율, 4.0:1)가 비슷한 수치를 보였다. 분 중 회분은 T1이 11.07%로 T3 (9.69%) 보다 유의적으로 높아졌으며, TDN/CP 비율이 높아질수록 분 내 회분 함량도 증가되었다. 초기 체중과 상관없이 증체량은 실험 개시 후 30일째 사료 내 CP 비율이 높아질수록 유의적으로 증가하였으나 60일째에는 T2가 유의적으로 가장 높은 증체를 보였다 (p<0.05). TDN 비율이 감소하거나 단백질 비율이 높아질수록 증체량은 유의적으로 증가되었다(p<0.05). 실험 종료 시의 혈중 GPT는 T1과 T3 (112.6, 88.3 u/l)가 T2 (50.9 u/l) 보다 유의적으로 높은 수치를 나타냈으며, phosphorus는 T1 (46.3 mg/dl)이 다른 처리구보다 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였다(p<0.05). HDL cholesterol은 T2 (145.2 md/dl)가 T1 (121.0 mg/dl)과 T3 (132.3 mg/dl) 보다 유의적으로 높았으며, triglyceride는 T3 (40.6 mg/dl)가 T1, T2 (20.7, 29.0 mg/dl) 보다 유의적으로 높은 수치를 보였다(p<0.05). BUN 농도를 비롯한 그 외의 혈액 분석항목들에서는 처리구별에 있어서 유의적 차이가 없었다. 결과적으로 섭취량과 증체율에서는 TDN/CP 비율이 4:1이 가장 좋았으나 체지방 축적이 과잉될 가능성이나 혈액대사 수치를 함께 고려한다면 이 시기에서는 4.5:1의 비율이 바람직한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to establish the cultural method of triticale(Triticum Secalotriticum Saratoviense Meister) as a whole crop silage by evaluating the effect of seeding date and nitrogen fertilization rate on forage yields and feeding value. Heading date, flowering date, and the dough stage of development came significantly earlier as triticale was seeded earlier. Soilage, dry matter yields and percent dry matter significantly varied with seeding dates and crude ash, NFE and TDN. However, TDN yield was significantly reduced by delayed seeding. Macromineral contents were not affected by seeding date. Soilage, dry matter yield, and percent dry matter significantly increased as nitrogen fertilization rate increased. The contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, NFE, TDN and TDN yield also significantly increased. In contrast, crude fiber content of triticale decreased with increasing N fertilization rate.

• 한국초지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초지조사료학회 2002년도 제27회 정기총회, 제40회 학술발표회
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• pp.48-48
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• 2002

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2016

An in vitro trial was conducted to examine the effects of total mixed rations (TMR) on fermentation characteristics and effective degradability (ED) by rumen microbes. Three TMR diets were growing period TMR (GR-TMR, 67% TDN), early fattening period TMR (EF-TMR, 75.4% TDN) and late fattening TMR (LF-TMR, 80% TDN). Three TMR diets (3 g of TMRs in each incubation bottles) was added to the mixed culture solution of stained rumen fluid with artificial saliva (1:1, v/v) and incubated anaerobically for 48 hours at $39^{\circ}C$. The pH in all incubation solutions tended to decrease up to 48h, but the opposite results were found in concentration of total gas production, ammonia-N and total VFA in all incubations.The total gas production (p<0.05) in LF-TMR was highest compared with those of other diets. Also, concentration of total VFA was tended to increase in LF-TMR compared with other TMR diets in all incubations. The EDDM in both EF-TMR and LF-TMR was tended to high compared with GR-TMR (p=0.100). In this in vitro trials, concentration of propionate in all incubation solution was not affected by increased concentration of TDN. The results of the present in vitro study indicate that TMR may provide more favorable condition for nutrient digestion both in the rumen.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.330-336
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• 2004

Six 16 months old Holstein steers were offered ad libitum feed for 7 months, to determine the (1) relationships of backfat thickness (BFT) to plasma leptin, and insulin; and (2) associations of TDN intake/kg body weight (BW) to plasma leptin, BFT and insulin. Feed intake, body weight and BFT were measured on selected monthly ages from day 1 to 8, day 1 and 8, and day 8, respectively. Blood was sampled on day 8 and the plasma was analyzed for leptin, insulin, glucose, NEFA, total cholesterol and triglyceride. Body weight and BFT increased, while TDN intake per kg BW decreased from 16 to 23 months old. Plasma leptin increased and mimicked the level of insulin, resulting to significant correlation (r=0.54; p<0.002). TDN intake was negatively related to plasma leptin (r=0.49; p<0.004), insulin (r=0.41; p<0.02) and BFT at 12 to 13th rib (r=0.48; p<0.005). Backfat thickness at 12 to 13th rib was positively related to plasma leptin (r=0.45; p<0.01). Negative associations of TDN intake with plasma leptin and BFT during finishing period suggest long-term involvement of adipose tissues in the feed intake regulation of steers fed high concentrate diet.