• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2012

In this study, a newly synthesized thiazolidinedione derivative, TD49 with a highly selective algicide to red tide, was examined in order to evaluate the bioconcentration on aquatic organisms of coast. BAF (accumulation of TD49 by aquatic food chain) and BCF (accumulation of TD49 by sea water) were examined employing the shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) as the feed organism, and the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus as a consumer in marine ecosystem. Bioconcentration degree in sea water showed that the order in P. olivaceus was viscera > gill > muscle. The average BCF values of TD49 were 67.70, 63.32 and 20.25 at viscera, gill and muscle, respectively. Bioaccumulation degree using feed showed that the order in the organs of P. olivaceus was viscera > gill > muscle. The average BAF values of TD49 were 175.89, 114.88 and 32.59 at viscera, gill and muscle, respectively. When compared with two results, the accumulation by the food and water was higher than that by water. After the elimination experiment in sea water, the TD49 concentration was 2.81 nmole/g in the viscera and were not found in the gill and the muscle. More than 50% of the accumulated TD49 were eliminated from viscera in 7 days and all the accumulated TD49 were eliminated from gill and muscle in 7 days. On the other hand, the octanol/water partition coefficient (log $K_{ow}$) was measured to be 3.66 and experimental BCF of this study was 67.7.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.104-116
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• 2010

With several advantages such as flexible downlink-to-uplink(DL-to-UL) ratio and flexible spectrum usage, Time Division Duplexing(TDD) is emerging as an alternate to Frequency Division Duplexing(FDD), especially in wireless broadband systems. We already have at least four different TDD systems in the industry: Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access(TD-SCDMA), IEEE 802.16e-TDD, IEEE 802.16m-TDD, and Time Division-Long Term Evolution(TD-LTE). A disadvantage of TDD is that tight coordination such as time synchronization between adjacent operators is required to prevent interference between the adjacent TDD systems. In this paper, we investigate coexistence scenarios among the above four well-known TDD systems and calculate spectral efficiency(SE) loss in each scenario. Our findings are that SE loss can be significant if TDD ratios of the adjacent operators are considerably different. However, as long as the TDD ratios of the adjacent operators are similar, configurations in the systems permit perfect time synchronization between the two heterogeneous TDD systems, and the resulting SE loss is zero or reasonably low. We believe that the above findings and the configurations of the TDD systems recommended tominimize SE loss will be helpful for operators who deploy TDD systems in system parameter determination and cross-operator coordination.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.168-177
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• 2023

Background & Objectives: Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) offer advantages in adherence and cost-effectiveness compared to free combinations (FCs), but they can also complicate the prescribing process, potentially leading to therapeutic duplication (TD). This study aimed to identify the prescribing patterns of FDCs for dyslipidemia and investigate their associated risk of TD. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving drugs that included statins, using Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) data from 2018. The unit of analysis was a prescription claim. The primary outcome was TD. The risk ratio of TD was calculated and adjusted for patient, prescriber, and the number of cardiovascular drugs prescribed using a multivariable Poisson model. Results: Our study included 252,797 FDC prescriptions and 515,666 FC prescriptions. Of the FDC group, 46.52% were male patients and 56.21% were aged 41 to 65. Ezetimibe was included in 71.61% of the FDC group, but only 0.25% of the FC group. TD occurred in 0.18% of the FDC group, and the adjusted risk ratio of TD in FDC prescriptions compared to FC was 6. 44 (95% CI 5. 30-7. 82). Conclusions: Prescribing FDCs for dyslipidemia was associated with a higher risk of TD compared to free combinations. Despite the relatively low absolute prevalence of TD, the findings underline the necessity for strategies to mitigate this risk when prescribing FDCs for dyslipidemia. Our study suggests the potential utility of Clinical Decision Support Systems and standardizing nomenclature in reducing medication errors, providing valuable insights for clinical practice and future research.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2003

The object of this study is to examine the effect of short circuit time ratio (SCTR) and current rise delay time (Td) on the spatter generation at low and medium current range in $CO_2$ welding. The spatter was evaluated by the weight generated in the welding of bead-on-plate for 30 seconds (3 times). Td was varied by order of 0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 msec. At each Td, the short circuit time ratio was varied by the output voltage of the welding power source. In the low current range, it was found that the optimum SCTR was 20~25%, and the minimum spatter generation weight was obtained in the case of Td=0.4msec and SCTR=22% even though the remarkable difference was not showed by the application of Td. In the medium current range, it was confirmed that the arc was stable though the SCTR was increased from 20% to 40% by the control of current wave. Spatter generation weight depended on the variation of Td, and the lowest value of spatter generation weight occurred at Td=0.8~1.2msec.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 1990

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.267-268
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• 2015

카카오에 함유되어 있는 향기성분을 열탈착 가스크로마토 질량분석기(TD GC/MS)를 이용하여 실시하였다. 그 결과 hydrocarbone류 10종, alcohol류 3종, aldehyde류 7종, ketone류 3종 및 carboxylic acid류 4종 등 총 27종의 향기성분이 동정되었다. 그 중에서 carboxylic acid류의 향기성분이 55.88%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 그 다음으로 알데히드류가 13.80%, 케톤 화합물이 11.90% 그리고 모노테르펜 화합물이 11.7% 함유되어 있음을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.208-213
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• 1993

The structural and functional roles of IGS element of T4 td intron in thymidylate synthase activity in vivo were investigated Site-directed mutagenesis was employed to crete mutations of IGS element of T4 td intron, When a U-G pari was changed to a U-C pari in the 5' splice site of P1 stem of td intron, the activity of thymidylate synthase was completely abolished whereas the wild type retained the normal activity of enzyme. When U at 12 position within IGS element was changed to C, the activity of thymidylate synthase was approximately 32% of that of the wild type. Comparison of enzyme activities suggests that IGS element within P1 structure is an essential requirement for splicing of td gene in vivo.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.261-262
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• 2008

TD-SCDMA is considered as an innovative Chinese 3G technology adopted by the ITU for the IMT-2000 family. TD-SCDMA combines TDMA and CDMA components to provide more efficient use of radio resources. However, the downlink scheduler of TD-SCDMA should transmit data packets with the initial configuration and cannot change the configuration dynamically. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an enhanced channel allocation, by which mobile terminals can share the downlink channelization codes dynamically.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.450-456
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• 2010

In the high-speed packet service, next generation mobile communication system has emerged as a major feature. If the fire of these high-speed kit services and non-continuous transmission of data due to the symmetrical nature of daeyiteo traffic for D-CDMA system has been actively studied. Small amounts of data moving in the uplink, but the real-time video downlink transmission, such as downloading large files to move data and services to those with asymmetric traffic characteristics, a system that can efficiently handle the data requirements be. Of 3GPP TDD(Time Division Duplex) scheme based on CDMA and TDMA in a way by introducing the concept through the proper allocation of time slots that can handle asymmetric traffic efficiently, has an advantage. TD-CDMA system by considering the characteristics of the frame configuration of transmission methods, such as physical channel structure and channel coding has been investigated. In addition, the HARQ scheme TD-CDMA system performance is analyzed by comparing them.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.2971-2977
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• 2015

This study aimed to understand the changes in microbial community after algicide dosing to control the fish-killing dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides in 10L microcosm. Based on our microcosm experiments, the algicidal activity for C. polykrikoides of yellow clay at the concentrations of 4g and 10g per 10 L was < 20%. At $0.8{\mu}M$ concentration of thiazolidinedione(TD49), the population of C. polykrikoides was controlled to be > 85%. In microbial community, a significant increase in heterotrophic bacterial (HB) abundance was observed at day 1 in the TD49 and yellow clay treatments including control. The HB remained high for 2 days and then gradually decreased. In contrast, the abundance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNFs) increased significantly on days 3 and 5 in the TD49 treatments, indicating that the decline in HB was probably a result of predation by the high density of HNFs. In addition, fluctuations in the aloricate ciliate Uronema sp., which feed on bacteria, was clearly correlated with fluctuations in HB abundance, with a lag period of 1-3 days. Therefore, the short-term responses of the HNF and Uronema sp. may have been a result of the rapidly increasing of HB abundance, which is related to degradation of the dense C. polykrikoides bloom, particularly in the TD49 treatment. In addition, large aloricate ciliate Euplotes sp. was significantly increased after reproduction of HNFs and Uronema sp. Consequently, the algicide TD49 had positive effect on the microbial communities, which indicates that the microbial loop was temporarily enhanced in the microcosm by energy flow from HB through HNFs to ciliate.