• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.291-301
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• 2016

One of the most concerned topics in ecology is the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, there are few field studies, carried out in forests, although many studies have been done in controlled experiments in grasslands. In this paper, we describe the relationship pattern between three facets of diversity and productivity at Ratargul Fresh Water Swamp Forest (RFWSF) in Bangladesh, which is the only remaining fresh water swamp forest of the country. Sixty sample plots were selected from RFWSF and included six functional traits including leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), tree height, bark thickness and wood density. In analyzing TD, we used Shannon diversity and richness indices, functional diversity was measured by Rao's quadratic entropy (Rao 1982) and Faith's (1992) index was used for phylogenetic diversity (PD). It was found that, TD, FD and PD were positively related with productivity (basal area) due to resource use complementarity but surprisingly the best predictor of tree productivity was FD. The results contribute to the understanding the effects of biodiversity loss and it is essential for conservation decision-making and policy-making of Ratargul Fresh Water Swamp Forest.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.378-382
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• 1998

A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of 1-phenylcyclohexyl amine(PCA) and dexoxadral as a receptor has been investigated using semiempirical PM3 MO and Hyper Chem calculation. A set of 19 analogues of PCA was chosen for the study using a selection procedure aimed at minimizing the interparameter correlations, while ensuring that the frontier orbital covered the maximum possible range of LogP. The results show that the FOS and LogP is a good structural parameter to predict the maximum electroshock effective dose ($MES\;ED_{50}$) and toxicity dose ($TD_{50}$) for PCA derivatives.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2004

Objects:It has been reported that the incidence of tardive dyskinesia(TD), the remarkable abnormal involuntary movement, was higher in the schizophrenics with high blood sugar levels and that TD had been improved by small amount of insulin-injection for 90 days. And also it was generally known that the blood lipids were higher in the schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia. Thus, we tried to replicate the correlations of abnormal involuntary movements with blood sugar levels and blood lipids in chronic schizophrenics treated with antipsychotics. Methods:Thirty-eight male schizophrenic inpatients who were stable in clinical state with medications, were included. The patients who had been already diagnosed as diabetes mellitus(DM), organic brain disorder, substance- related disorder, physical illness were excluded and also we excluded female patients to remove the hormonal effect on TD. Eleven patients who ranked higher(above five) in the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS) were assigned into 2 groups, a dibenese group and a placebo group. Diabinese or placebos were administrated for 3 weeks with antipsychotics and AIMS was rechecked. Results:There were no correlations between the total AIMS scores and blood sugar and lipids levels in all subjects. The means of total and subscale scores(objective, face, and extremity) of AIMS did not reveal statistical significances between diabinese and placebo groups. However(total, jaw, face, upper arm, and objective feeling), were statistically higher in the diabinese group than those in the placebo group. And correlations of total cholesterol(TC) with fast blood sugar(FBS), weight with body mass index(BMI) and waist, total glycerol (TG) with BMI were statistically significant. Conclusion:In this study, there were statistical significances in the changes in ratings of AIMS scores between the diabinese group and the placebo group. Application of oral hypoglycemic agent might be a way of improving abnormal involuntary movements in schizophrenics with abnormal involuntary movements or TD. Althogugh it was not certain that there were correlations of abnormal involuntary movement with blood sugar and lipids, correlations of TC/TG with AIMS, of FBS with AIMS cautiously suggest that the regular check of $HbA_1C$, waist, and weight are recommended for schizophrenics.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.250-260
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate muscle function and symmetry index during whole body vibration exercise using lower extremity training posture for throwing athletes. For throwing athletes in their 20s(6 males, 4 females, age: 24.60±0.92years, height: 177.90±7.40cm, weight: 92.90±22.97kg), lower extremity training postures with squat, carphrase, and lunge movements. Whole body vibration exercise training was performed using. Tensiomyography(TMG) variables Time Delay(Td), Time Contraction(Tc), Time Sustain(Ts) Time Relaxation(Tr), and Displacement Maximumal(Dm) in the lower extremity joint muscles(biceps femoris(BF), gastrocnemius lateral(GL), gastrocnemius medial(GM), rectus femoris(RF), tibialis anterior(TA), lateral vastus(LV), medial latissimus(ML)), were measured to compare and analyze muscle activity, muscle fatigue, and left-right symmetry. The results of the study are left RF, VL, right VM (p<.05) in Td, VM (p<.05) in Tc, GM in Ts (p<.05), left RF in Tr, and right TA (p<. 05) showed a change. Therefore, it has been proven that various whole-body vibration training is an effective exercise with changes in muscle contraction, and stability of the core is secured by symmetry of the left and right muscles. For this reason, the whole body vibration exercise will have a positive effect on rehabilitation training, and it is believed that it will be able to improve performance.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.386-396
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• 2001

Mixtures Of AUC-UO$_2$and Gd$_2$O$_3$ Powders doped With Cr$_2$O$_3$ or Cr$_2$O$_3$-SiO$_2$ were Pressed and sintered at 1730 t in hydrogen gas witk various water-vapor contents. The density of UO$_2$- 6wt% Gd$_2$O$_3$ pellets can be increased from 91% TD to 94.5% TD in 1 vol% $H_2O$-H$_2$ gases by the addition of 0.02wt% Cr$_2$O$_3$-(0.01~0.04) wt% SiO$_2$. The magnitude of density increase is much larger in (1~3 vol%) $H_2O$-H$_2$ gases than in 0.05 vol% $H_2O$-H$_2$ gas. The densification of U0$_2$- Gd$_2$O$_3$ compact is significantly delayed in the temperature range between 1300 and 1500 t , but that of compacts with Cr$_2$O$_3$-SiO$_2$ is not. The role of Cr$_2$O$_3$ and SiO$_2$ in densification is discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.480-488
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• 1992

The sintering behaviors of seeded alumina from alkoxide were studied. Room temp. desiccated powder exhibited better sintering behavior due to its packing ability and powder activity. $\alpha$-Al2O3 2wt% seeded compacts sintered with 97.5%TD, 1~3${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ diameters at 140$0^{\circ}C$, 2hrs. Fe-nitrate doped compacts resulted in enhanced initial sintering behavior due to ionic effects of Fe3+ but failed to refined microstructure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.455-464
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• 1999

The effect of TiO$_2$ on the sintering behavior of mixed UO$_2$-U$_3$O$_{8}$ Powder compacts has been investigated using the U$_{3}$O$_{8}$ powder made tv oxidation of defective UO$_{2}$ pellets. Without TiO$_2$, UO$_2$ pellet density is inversely proportional to U$_3$O$_{8}$ content and is below 94 %TD in the U$_3$O$_{8}$ range above 15 wt%. Using more than 0.1 wt % TiO$_2$, however, the density decreases slightly with U$_3$O$_{8}$ content and thus is higher than about 94% TD in the whole range of U$_3$O$_{8}$ content. The grain sizes of UO$_2$ pellets with more than 0.1 wt % TiO$_2$are larger than about 30${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Therefore, the U$_3$O$_{8}$ Powder can be reused without any restriction on its amount in UO$_2$ pellet fabrication by sintering the mixed UO$_2$-U$_3$O$_{8}$ compact with the aid of TiO$_2$. Mechanisms for densification and grain growth are proposed and discussed, based on a dilatometry study and an examination of microstructure. microstructure.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2013

This study investigates the case of clinical application for TomoDirect 3D-CRT(TD-3D) and TomoHelical 3D-CRT(TH-3D) with evaluating dose distribution for clinical application in each case. Treatment plans were created for 8 patients who had 3 dimensional conformal radiation therapy using TD-3D and TH-3D mode. Each patients were treated for sarcoma, CSI(craniospinal irradiaion), breast, brain, pancreas, spine metastasis, SVC syndrome and esophagus. DVH(dose volume histogram) and isodose curve were used for comparison of each treatment modality. TD-3D shows better dose distribution over the irradiation field without junction effect because TD-3D was not influenced by target length for sarcoma and CSI case. In breast case, dosimetric results of CTV, the average value of D 99%, D 95% were $49.2{\pm}0.4$ Gy, $49.9{\pm}0.4$ Gy and V 105%, V 110% were 0%, respectively. TH-3D with the dosimetric block decreased dose of normal organ in brain, pancreas, spine metastasis case. SCV syndrome also effectively decreased dose of normal organ by using dose block to the critical organs(spinal cord <38 Gy). TH-3D combined with other treatment modalities was possible to boost irradiation and was total dose was reduced to spinal cord in esophagus case(spinal cord <45 Gy, lung V 20 <20%). 3D-CRT using Tomotherapy could overcomes some dosimetric limitations, when we faced Conventional Linac based CRT and shows clinically proper dose distribution. In conclusion, 3D-CRT using Tomotherapy will be one of the effective 3D-CRT techniques.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10c
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• pp.298-300
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• 2003

ea­RED(Efficient Adaptive RED)[1][2]는 다수의 TCP 커넥션이 경쟁하는 병목구간에서 인터넷 라우터 버퍼를 능동적으로 관리하는 다양한 AQM(Active Queue Management) 알고리즘 중의 하나로 RED 라우터 버퍼 관리 알고리즘의 성능을 개선한 라우터 버퍼 관리 알고리즘이다. RED 라우터가 TD 라우터와 같은 네트워크 퍼포먼스를 유지하면서 TCP 커넥션 간 페어니스를 향상시키기 위해서는 link bandwidth. active 커넥션 수. congestion level 등에 대한 네트워크 상태를 고려하여 파라미터에 적절한 값을 설정해야만 한다. 문제는 다이내믹하게 변하는 네트워크 상황에 적합한 파라미터 값을 초기에 설정해주는 것이 매우 어렵다는 점이다. [3]. ea­RED는 max threshold와 min threshold 값을 네트워크 상황에 따라 동적으로 조절함으로써 이런 문제를 해결했고, 기존 RED에 비해 라우터 버퍼는 50% 정도만 사용하면서도, 페어니스 인덱스(Fairness Index)[4]가 최대 41.42% 개선되었다. [1] [2] 그러나 송신 TCP 커넥션의 수가 늘어날수록 성능향상에 대한 효과가 감소되었고, 드롭 패킷수가 TD나 RED 라우터 버퍼관리 알고리즘에 비해 많았기 때문에 라우터의 출력(output) 총 패킷 용량이 최대 약 2.3% 정도 TD나 RED 라우터 버퍼관리 알고리즘에 비해 적었다. 이 부분을 개선하기 위해 기존 ea­RED 알고리즘에 LR_Lines 예측 알고리즘을 적용한 ea­RED++ 알고리즘을 구현하였고, 실험 결과 페어니스 인덱스는 기존 ea­RED에 비해 최대 약 30% 정도 향상되었고, 총 output 패킷 용량의 손실률은 최대 50%정도 감소하여 기존 ea­RED에 비해 향상된 성능을 보여주었다.웍스 네트워크상의 다양한 디바이스들간의 네트워크 다양화와 분산화 기능을 얻을 수 있었고, 기존의 고가의 해외 솔루션인 Echelon사의 LonMaker 소프트웨어를 사용하지 않고도 국내의 순수 솔루션인 리눅스 기반의 LonWare 3.0 다중 바인딩 기능을 통해 저 비용으로 홈 네트워크 구성 관리 서버 시스템 개발에 대한 비용을 줄일 수 있다. 기대된다.e 함량이 대체로 높게 나타났다. 점미가 수가용성분에서 goucose대비 용출함량이 고르게 나타나는 경향을 보였고 흑미는 알칼리가용분에서 glucose가 상당량(0.68%) 포함되고 있음을 보여주었고 arabinose(0.68%), xylose(0.05%)도 다른 종류에 비해서 다량 함유한 것으로 나타났다. 흑미는 총식이섬유 함량이 높고 pectic substances, hemicellulose, uronic acid 함량이 높아서 콜레스테롤 저하 등의 효과가 기대되며 고섬유식품으로서 조리 특성 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.리하였다. 얻어진 소견(所見)은 다음과 같았다. 1. 모년령(母年齡), 임신회수(姙娠回數), 임신기간(姙娠其間), 출산시체중등(出産時體重等)의 제요인(諸要因)은 주산기사망(周産基死亡)에 대(對)하여 통계적(統計的)으로 유의(有意)한 영향을 미치고 있어 $25{\sim}29$세(歲)의 연령군에서, 2번째 임신과 2번째의 출산에서 그리고 만삭의 임신 기간에, 출산시체중(出産時體重) $3.50{\sim}3.99kg$사이의 아이에서 그 주산기사망률(周産基死亡率)이 각각 가장 낮았다. 2. 사산(死産)과 초생아사망(初生兒死亡)을 구분(區分)하여 고려해 볼때 사산(死産)은 모성(母性)의 임신력(姙娠歷)과 매우 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 사료(思料)되었고 초생아사망(初生兒死亡)은 미숙아(未熟兒)와 이에 관련된 병

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2003

Background: Unusually high amounts of N region addition and CDR3 length diversity were found in immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain Vk and Jk joins in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We sought to determine whether this finding is due to excessive activity of the enzyme responsible for N region addition (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [TdT]) in B lineage cells in bone marrow or from positive antigenic selection of B cells with long CDR3 lengths. Methods: We used FACS to isolate $IgM^+/IgD^+$ B cells (predominantly naive) and $IgM^-/IgD^-$ B cells (predominantly class-switched) B cells from peripheral blood of a patient with RA known to have enrichment for long Vk CDR3s and from that of two normal controls. RT-PCR of VkIII transcripts was performed, followed by sequencing of individual cDNA clones. We analyzed the CDR3 lengths and N region additions in 97 clones. Results: There was enrichment for long CDR3 lengths (11 or 12 amino acids) in both $IgM^+/IgD^+$ and $IgM^-/IgD^-$ B cells in RA compared to B cell subsets in the normal controls. The $IgM^+/IgD^+$ B cell subset in RA was markedly enriched for N region addition and was similar to that seen in the $IgM^-/IgD^-$ subset. Conclusion: These data suggest that enrichment for N region addition and long CDR3 lengths in RA may result from unusually high or prolonged activity of TdT in bone marrow.