• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2019

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was introduced in 1982 to assess intracranial arteries noninvasively, since when it has been widely used to assess and monitor cerebrovascular hemodynamics. The clinical applications of TCD are broadening to include other fields that require monitoring of the cerebral blood flow. TCD has fewer temporal and spatial restrictions than other methods, can be performed on less-compliant patients, and causes no harm to the body. However, its reliance on high levels of examiner skill and experience, as well as a lack of standardized scanning protocols are obstacles that still need to be overcome. In this report we review TCD examination techniques and interpret their findings for several conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.300-301
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• 2004

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2006

Objective : The authors analyze prospectively the result of transcranial doppler[TCD] in normal pressure hydrocephalus and compared its cerebral blood flow parameters to radionuclide cerebrospinal fluid[CSF] flow study, postoperative brain computed tomography[CT] findings and clinical outcome, and studied the relationship between cerebral hemodynamics and clinical performance. Methods : Twenty five patients with hydrocephalus undertook pre- and post-operative TCD but only preoperative CSF flow study was performed. Mean flow velocity[Vm], pulsatility index[PI] and resistance index[RI] were assessed through TCD and changes in ventricle size and cortical gyral atrophy were checked through brain CT. Results : Postoperative hydrocephalus showed an increase in Vm[ACA P=0.037, MCA P=0.034], decrease in PI[ACA P=0.019, MCA P=0.017] and decrease in RI [ACA P=0.017, MCA P=0.021] compared to preoperative TCD parameters in the postoperative improvement group. In the postoperative improvement group, postoperative TCD parameters correlated with CSF flow study grade [Vm : $R^2=-0.75$, PI : $R^2=0.86$, RI : $R^2=0.78$] and ventriculocranial ratio change correlated with PI change [$R^2=0.73$]. The convexity gyral atrophy and initial TCD parameters showed close relationship to outcome. Conclusion : PI and RI can be used as an indicator of post operative prognosis, and with the addition of CSF flow study values, can also be used as a tool to predict pre-op and post-op patient status and successful shunt surgery.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.2737-2742
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• 2011

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of an ethyl-substituted tetracyclododecene (8-ethyltetracyclo[$4.4.0.1^{2,5}.1^{7,10}$] dodec-3-ene, Et-TCD) was carried out in the presence of a ternary catalyst system consisting of $WCl_6$, triisobutyl aluminium (iso$Bu_3Al$), and ethanol. The optimal molar ratio of Et-TCD/$WCl_3$/iso-$Bu_3Al$/ethanol was found as 500/1/3/2 at which the yield of ring-opened polymer was 100%. 1-Hexene was shown to be an effective molecular weight controlling agent for ROMP reaction of Et-TCD. The hydrogenation of the ring opened polymer (p-Et-TCD) was conducted successfully using Pd(5 wt %)/${\gamma}$-$Al_2O_3$ at $80^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. Chemical structures of p-Et-TCD and its hydrogenated product($H_2$-p-Et-TCD) were characterized using 2D NMR techniques ($^1H-^1H$ COSY and $^1H-^{13}C$ HSQC). The changes of physical properties such as thermal stability, glass transition temperature and light transmittance after the hydrogenation were also investigated using TGA, DSC, and UV.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 1997

Two experimental methods have been developed for high resolution measurement of x-ray scattering. The methods used were (1) an x-ray double crystal diffraction (DCD) spectrometer set-up and (2) an x-ray triple crystal diffraction (TCD) spectrometer set-up. With the DCD arrangement of Si(511)-sample(hkl), rocking curves have been plotted for Si (333), Si(004) and GaAs(004). Also, with the TCD arrangement of Si(111)-Si(111)-Si(511)-sample(hkl) including monolithic monocro-collimator and $K_{\alpha1}$ selector, rocking curves have been plotted for Si(333), Si(004) and GaAs(004). The results of FWHM by DCD and TCD set-up have been compared each other and discussed. The reflection topographs (004) and (115) in an $In_{0.037}Ga_{0.0963}As/GaAs$ sample have been obtained by DCD set-up.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1159-1163
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• 2019

Although there is a growing interest in male menopause, a phenomenon associated with male hormone depletion, current kits using antibodies to quantify male hormones are expensive. In this study, we constructed an in vitro system for verifying the activity or concentration of male steroid hormones using a transcriptional activity test. A reporter plasmid, pGL2-Neo-ARE-AdE1BTATA, which reacts to testosterone, was constructed. In this plasmid, the ARE-AdE1bTATA sequences can be bounded by the testosterone - androgen receptor complex to express luciferase as a reporter. Then, a stable transfection was performed on the human prostate cancer cell line, LNcap-LN3. The constructed LNcap-LN3/pGL2-Neo-ARE-AdE1BTATA testosterone compound detection (TCD) system showed quantitatively proportional luciferase activities to concentrations of $10^{-13}$ to $10^{-8}M$ of standard testosterone. The established in vitro TCD system will contribute to the development of materials for health/functional foods and drugs as it will be possible to search en masse for testosterone-like or testosterone-inhibiting substances derived from natural materials.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2023

Transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) applies a low frequency of 2 MHz to measure the blood flow velocity and waveform within the skull. Medical technologists at several hospitals are conducting these examinations, and education is being imparted in many schools and academic societies. However, the skill of the tester is of utmost importance when performing TCD. Technicians who are conducting the procedure for the first time have trouble locating the blood vessels, and some experienced personnel are worried because too many blood vessels are present. Since this procedure does not directly look at and measure blood vessels, there are several limitations and difficulties. Therefore, this study aims to provide some help by introducing precautions and suggestions for TCD technicians conducting the test.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.360-366
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• 2002

The electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile dissolved in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) successfully produced nano-scale fibers. The processing parameters such as charged voltage, velocity of collected roller, and tip-to-collector distance (TCD) , affected the ultimate fiber size. At TCD of 5 cm, the average tiber diameter increased with increasing charged voltage because of the more aggregation between fibers due to the remaining DMF solvent on the fiber surface. But, at TCD of 9 cm, the average fiber diameter decreased as the charged voltage was increased because of complete evaporation of DMF. Also, the fiber diameter decreased with increasing the velocity of collected roller. Cross direction width (CWD) of nonwoven mat increased with decreasing the charged voltage and with increasing TCD.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.805-811
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• 2000

Objectives : To determine the effects on blood flow of vertebrobasal vascular system in cerebral infarction, Methods : We altered 33 normal patients and 12 patients who were diagnosed cerebral infarction on Rt. middle cerebral artery(MCA) region and 8 patients who were diagnosed cerebral infarction on Lt, MCA region, and measured the mean velocity, systolic to diastolic rate(SD rate), asymmetrical index(A/I) by TCD. Results : The mean velocity of posterior cerebral artery(PCA), vertebral artery was increased in same direction as infarcted site and the mean velocity of basal artery was more increased than control, and the SD rate of PCA, vertebral artery, basal artery was larger than control. The A/l of PCA, vertebral artery was revealed that mean velocity of vertebrobasal vascular system is increase the same direction as infarcted area. Conclusion : TCD examination within 7 days(acute stage) after stroke can help to predict the infarcted direction.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 1985

From Aspergillus nidulans FGSC 168, mutant strains (TCD27, NCN14, and ACN3) were obtained by NTG and 4-NQO treatments. These four mutant strains were unable to grow on medium supplemented with CMC as a sole carbon source and showed lower levels of CMCase activity in comparison with FGSC168. Some characteristics of these four mutant strains in CMCase production were examined. It was appeared that the permeases for CMCase inducer in all the four mutants were not affected. Two mutants, TCD27 and NCN2, might have some defects in regulatory gene for CMCase production. Analyses of enzyme components of CMCase showed that ACN14 might by defective in structural gene for CMCase.