• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.391-395
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• 2000

In this study, the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(TC $F_{r}$), dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Pb[(S $b_{1}$2/N $b_{1}$2/)$_{0.0035}$-(M $n_{1}$3/N $b_{2}$3/)$_{0.0065}$-(Z $r_{x}$ $Ti_{1-x}$ )$_{0.90}$] $O_3$ceramics is investigated with Zr/Ti ratio. The dielectric constant and electromechanical coupling factor( $k_{p}$) showed the highest values of 1257, 0.562 respectively when the Zr/Ti ratio is 49.5/50.5. The mechanical quality factor( $Q_{m}$) is the lowest value of 713 when the Zr/Ti ratio is 49.5/50.5, and increased with the decrease of the Zr/Ti ratio. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(TC $F_{r}$) change abruptly at the morphotropic phase boundary(MPB), which is between the rhombohedral phase with highly negative TC $F_{r}$ of -106ppm/$^{\circ}C$ and the tetragonal phase with highly positive TC $F_{r}$ of +64pp $m^{\circ}C$ as Zr/Ti ratio changes from 50/50 to 49.5/50.5.50.5..5.50.5.5.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1981

A total of 250 enteric bacteria (148 Escherichia coli, 41 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 46 Enterobacter spp. and 15 Proteus spp.) isolated from bovine udder infections in 1979 through 1980 were examined for drug resistance and prevalence of R. plasmids. The drug tested were streptomycin (SM), kanamycin (KM), ampicillin (AP), chloramphenicol (CP), tetracycline (TC), gentamicin (GM), oxolinic acid (OA) and nalidixic acid (NA). The detection of R. plasmids was performed with Escherichia coli ML 1410 NAr as the recipient. Of the 148 Escherichia coli isolated, 68(45.9%) were found to be resistant to one or more drugs tested, and about 50% of the resistant strains were multiply resistant. of the 68 drugresistant strains, 13(19.1%) were found to carry R. plasmids which were capable of performing a conjugal transfer. CP resistance was transfered together with the other resistance. Of 41 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated, 90.2% were resistant to the drugs, alone or in combination thereof. Strains resistant to AP and TC were 63.4%, and 48.8%, respectively. R. plasmids were detected in 78.4% of the drug-resistant strains, and these strains transfered all or a part of their drug resistance pattern. AP and CP resistance were transfered in 100% of AP and CP-resistant strains. Eleven (37.9%) of 29 R. plasmids showed a thermosensitive transfer. Of the 46 strains of Enterobacter spp. isolated, 37(80.4%) were resistant to the drugs tested. A high percentage of resistance was noted for AP(65.2%). All strains resistant to four or more drugs transferred their resistances to Escherichia coli ML 1410, but strains resistant to three or fewer drugs did not transfer the resistances. All of the 15 Proteus strains isolated were resistant to more than two drugs. of them, 6 were quadruple resistance to SM, KM, CP and TC, and 9 were double one to AP and TC. Three (20.0%) of the drug-resistant isolates had R.plasmids conferring AP and TC resistance. GM, OA and NA of the drugs tested were very active to all of 250 Gram-negative enteric bacteria isolated from bovine udder infections.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1989

$^{99m}Tc-Pertechnetate\;(TcO_4^-)$ is concentrated by the stomach after intravenous injection, allowing the detection of ectopic gastric mucosa. It has been used to develop a noninvasive test of gastric secretion. However the cellular site of concentration is still controversial, that is whether mucin-secreting epithelial cell or acid-secreting parietal cell. This study is planned to investigate the effects of cimetidine and gastric acidity on the retention of $TcO_4^-$ in the gastric wall of the rat. Also we further attempted to clarify the uptake and secreting cell of $TcO_4^-$ in the gastric mucosa. One hundred rats were divided into two groups, preliminary (40 rats) and main examination group (60 rats). Preliminary examination group was composed of fasting group (20 rats) for the detection of the time for reaching stable $TcO_4^-$ retention ratio in gastric wall and post-prandial group (20 rats) for the detection of the time for reaching the maximal gastric acidity. Main examination group was composed of fasting group (30 rats), which was subdivided into control group (10 rats), cimetidine group (10rats), $Mylanta^{(R)}$ group (10 rats) and post?prandial group (30 rats), which was subaivided into 90 min group (10 rats), 90 min cimetidine group (10 rats), and 120 min group (10 rats). Retention ratio (%) of $TcO_4$ in the gastric wall and the pH of the gastric contents were measured in the extracted stomach of the six groups. Gastric wall retention ratio of $TcO_4^-$ was calculated by the gastric wall radioactivity (cpm) divided by total gastric radioactivity (cpm) at 30 mins after intravenous injection of 0.4 mCi of $TcO_4^-$. The results were as follows: 1) The time required for reaching stable $TcO_4$ retention ratio and the lowest gastric PH were 30 min and 90 min, respectively. 2) In the fasting group, the gastric wall retention ratio of $TcO_4^-$ was significantly increased in the cimetidine group, compared with the control group (P < 0.01). However there was no significant difference between the control and $Mylanta^{(R)}$ group 3) The $TcO_4^-$ retention ratios of 90 min and 120 min groups were lower than that of the fasting control group (p < 0.05), either. After administration of cimetidine, the retention ratio was significantly increased in 90 min group (p < 0.01). 4) While $TcO_4^-$ retention ratio and gastric pH were well correlated in the post-prandial 120 min group (r=0.7112, p<0.05), in the post-prandial 90 min and 90 min cimetidine groups correlated poorly. However, there was no correlation in the three fasting groups at all. Referring the above results, we infer that $TcO_4^-$ is secreted into the gastric lumen by both parietal and non-parietal cells, with dominant non-parietal $TcO_4^-$ secretion in the fasting state and dominant parietal $TcO_4^-$ secretion in the stimulated state.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 1986

Radionuclide angiography of the liver and spleen with rapid bolus injection of 5 mCi of $^{99m}Tc-Sn-phytate$ was performed for evaluation of dynamic flow change of the liver in 5 normal subjects and 11 patients with diffuse hepatocellular diseases. And quantification of hepatic arterial index (HAI) was generated from those TACs of the liver and compared with HAI generated from hepatic TAC with injection of $^{99m}Tc-TcO_4^-$ as previously reported method by former investigators, 67 patients with diffuse hepatocellular diseases undergoing hepatic scintigraphy were also evaluated by 2 minutes-hepatosplenic scintiangiography with 5 mCi of $^{99m}Tc-phytate$ and followed injection of 7 mCi of $^{99m}Tc-TcO_4^-$. Those heaptic and splenic TACs were analysed and compared with HAIs of 99m Tc-phytate for evaluation of relative change (%) of count at 30 seconds and 1 minuite after peaks of rapid influx phase to the peaks (100%) in T ACs of $^{99m}Tc-phytate$ and at 1 minuite and 3 minuites after in 5 minuite-TAC of $^{99m}Tc-TcO_4^-$. Correlation between HAIs with $^{99m}Tc-phytate$ and $^{99m}Tc-TcO_4^-$ was highly significant (R=0,984, P=0), and there was most significant and useful correlation (R=0,708, p<0.0001) between HAI and splenic TAC generated by $^{99m}Tc-phytate$.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.255-264
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• 2003

Various chain sizes 3-arm star polystyrenes (PS, $M_{w}$=2.80$\times$10$^{5}$ , 2.49$\times$10$^{6}$ g/mol) in t-decalin solution were measured at the temperature range of 20~7$0^{\circ}C$ by means of viscometry and laser light scattering. In order to show universality in the expansion factor of 3-arm star polymer, it was expected that (N/ $R_{G,Br,o}$$^{2}$)$^{3}$2/$\tau$/$\tau$$_{C}$ would be used as an universal parameter, where $R_{G,Br,o}$ was the unperturbed radius of gyration of star PS. However, much better universality had been observed when (N/ $R_{G,Br,o}$$^{2}$)$^{3}$2/$\tau$/$\tau$$_{C}$ parameter of the linear PS was used even for the 3-arm star PS. It could be explained if branching effect had been already taken into account in the part of $\tau$/$\tau$$_{C}$(=[(Τ-Θ$_{Tc}$ )/Θ$_{Tc}$ ]/[(Θ$_{Tc}$ -Τ$_{c}$)/ $T_{c}$]). Here N and Θ$_{Tc}$ stand for the number of monomer unit in a single polymer chain and a kind of theta temperature as the critical solution temperature $T_{c}$ of the infinite molecular weight, respectively.ely.y.ely.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.229-235
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• 1986

1984년 5월부터 1985년 5월까지 대구(大邱), 경북(慶北), 경남(慶南) 및 충남지역(忠南地域) 7개(個) 양돈장(養豚場)의 자돈(仔豚) 및 성돈(成豚)의 분변(糞便) 및 양돈장(養豚場)의 흙, 하수(下水), 사료(飼料), 추비(推肥), 쥐 등 7,440예(例)와 대구시(大邱市) 도축장(屠畜場)의 도축돈(屠畜豚) 장간막임파절(腸間膜淋巴節) 및 직장내용물(直腸內容物) 555예(例)로부터 분리(分離)한 319주(株)의 Salmonelia속균(屬菌)을 대상으로 항균제(抗菌劑)에 대한 내성(耐性) 및 전달성(傳達性) R plasmid의 분포상황(分布狀況)을 조사(詞査)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 공시균(供試菌) 319주(株) 중(中) 250주(株)(78.4%)가 ampicillin(An), chloramphenicol(Cm), gentamicin(Gm), kanamycin(Km), nalidixic acid(Na), rifampicin(Rf), streptomycin(Sm), sulfadimethoxine(Su), 또는 tetracycline(Tc)에 내성(耐性)을 나타내었으며, 약제별(藥劑別)로는 Su(74.9%), Sm(53.0%) 및 Tc(28.5%)에 높은 내성(耐性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 2. 내성균(耐性菌) 250주(株)의 전달성(傳達性) R plasmid 보유율(保有率)은 51.2%(128주(株))였으며, 약제별(藥劑別)로는 Am경우 100%, Tc 92. 3% 및 Cm 75.0% 순으로 보유율(保有率)이 높았다. 3. 내성균(耐性菌) 250주(株)의 내성양상(耐性樣相)은 SmSu(91주(株)), Su(59주(株)) 및 TcSmSu(50주(株))내성형(耐性型)이 대부분이었고 R plasmid 전달후(傳達後)의 내성양상(耐性樣相)은 TcSmSu(40주(株)) 및 TcSu(28주(株)) 내성형(耐性型)이 많았다. 4. 양돈장별(養豚場別) 내성균(耐性菌) 출현빈도(出現頻度)는 48.0~93.6%로 다양(多樣)하였고, 전달성(傳達性) R plasmid 보유율(保有率)은 0~77.8%로 내성균(耐性菌) 출현빈도(出現頻度)와 일치(一致)되지 않았다. 5. 공시균(供試菌) 319주(株) 중(中) 각각(各各) 2주(株)는 Rf 및 Gm에 대해 내성(耐性)을 나타내었고, 내성균(耐性菌) 250주(株) 중(中) 73.2%(183주(株))가 다제내성(多劑耐性)이었으므로 Salmonella의 다제내성화(多劑耐性化) 경향(傾向)이 있었다. 6. 내성균(耐性菌) 250주(株) 중(中) R plasmid 전달후(傳達後) 5주(株)는 TcAmCmSmSu내성형(耐性型), 1주(株)는 TcAmKmSmSu내성형(耐性型)임이 확인되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.247-261
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• 1999

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the normal values of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) in normal children to aged volunteers using Tc-99m HMPAO, Materials and Methods: Thirty four right-handed normal volunteers (20 males, 14 females, mean age $40.3{\pm}24.9$ years, range 4 to 82 years) were underwent rost/acetazolamide (ACZ) brain SPECT using Tc-99m HMPAO and the sequential injection and subtraction method. rCBF was estimated on the basis of a semiquantitative approach by means of right/left ratio, region/cerebellum and region to whole brain ratios in (rental, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, basal ganglia, thalami, and cerebellum. CVR was measured by means of % perfusion increase calculated as % mean count change compared to rest rCBF in each regions. Results: Mean values of right to left ratios range from 1.004 to 1.018, rCBF was highest in cerebellum and lowest in basal ganglia and thalami. Frontal and temporal rCBF decreased while occipital and thalamic rCBF increased according to age. No sexual difference of rCBF was noted. Mean CVR was $29.9{\pm}12.9%$. Mean CVR significantly increased to late teens, and declined thereafter. After 6th decade, CVR in both frontal lobes, left parietal lobe and right basal ganglia decreased significantly with advancing age. There was no sexual difference of CVR. Conclusion: Quantitative assessment of CVR was possible by ACZ Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT. It revealed that rCBF and CVR changed according to age in normal Korean volunteers. There was no sexual difference.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between total serum bilirubin(TSB) and transcutaneous bilirubinometry(TcB) in neonates with jaundice. Method: TcB from various sites(forehead, sternum, abdomen, buttock, hand, dorsalis-pedia) was measured using a JM-102 in a total of 102 neonate, 42 female and 60 male, with the mean 37.5 gestational week and the mean 2,903 gram of birth weight, as well as TSB from capillary punctures. Result: The mean bilirubin was 11.73 in serum, 20.55 on the forehead, 17.23 on the sternum, 16.19 on the abdomen, 18.22 on the buttock, 15.83 on the hand and 15.49 on the dorsalis-pedia. The relationship between TSB and TcBs were formulated by simple regression with 0.406 < r < 0.668(p < .000). A higher relationship was revealed between TSB and TCB at the forehead in infants of full-term, ABO incompatibility, and Hb greater than 16 mg/dl(r =0.725, 0.790, and 0.717, retrospectively). Phototherapy altered the measurement of TcB per site. Conclusion: TcB on the forehead is a reliable, noninvasive and convenient measurement of TSB in normal infants(Institutions need to establish quantitative equations representing the specific relationship between TSB and TCB according to the hemodynamic problems of infants such as ABO incompatibility, or low Hb).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 2019

Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol extracted from turmeric that exhibits a variety of biological functions has albeit with limited efficacy as a functional food material owing to its low absorption when administered orally. The newly developed curcumin powder formulation exhibits improved absorption rate in vivo. This study evaluates the anti-oxidant effects of $Theracurmin^{(R)}$ (TC), which is highly bio-available in curcumin powder. The antioxidant activity of TC was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, ferrous reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, NO radical, superoxide radical, $H_2O_2$ scavenging activity, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Additionally, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of TC in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Type 2 diabetic rats. As a result of oral administration of TC for 13 weeks in type 2 diabetic rats, the group administration of 2,000 mg/kg significantly increased FRAP, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced the level of glutathione (GSH) in liver tissue 1.9, 1.2, and 1.2-times, respectively. Furthermore, serum TAC levels increased by 1.3-fold after the rats were administered with a dose of 500 mg/kg. These results were consistent with the in vitro assay results. In conclusion, TC exhibited its potential as a functional food material through its antioxidant properties.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.506-510
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• 2004

Purpose: We investigated whether Tc-99m MIBI imaging is useful to predict the response of drug treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and Methods: 24 patients (15 women and 9 men, age $49{\pm}12$ year) rheumatoid arthritis and treated with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were included in this study. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured, and Tc-99m MIBI scan was obtained before drug treatment. Quantitative analysis of uptake in diseased joints was performed and expressed as joint-to background ratio (J/B) and percent retention (%R) of Tc-99m MIBI. Clinical symptoms were evaluated and graded from 0 (no) to 3 (severe) regarding to presence of tenderness and swelling. Results: J/B of the diseased joints were significantly correlated with ESR and CRP (p<0.05). A highly significant correlation was found between the improvement of clinical symptoms and %R of Tc-99m MIBI (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results demonstrate that Tc-99m MIBI scan may be used to predict the therapeutic response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.