• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1470-1476
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• 2020

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate physicochemical properties, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of low-fat sausages (LFSs) covered with sodium alginate (SA) film alone and with powder film (TSA-film) formed by cross-linking cherry tomato powder (CTP) and SA with calcium chloride (CaCl₂). Methods: Sausages covered with the biodegradable film were assessed based on the measurement of pH, color (L^⋆, a^⋆, b^⋆), proximate analysis, expressive moisture (EM), texture profile analysis, total plate counts (TPC), violet red bile, and 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) during storage under refrigeration. LFSs wrapped with TSA-film were compared with those wrapped with SA-film and without film (control) during storage at 10℃ for 35 days. Results: The LFSs covered with the mixed film had lower pH, lightness (L^⋆), EM%, TBARS, and TPC, but lower yellowness (b^⋆) and hardness values than those wrapped with TSA-film alone. Conclusion: Lipid oxidation and microbial growth was retarded in sausages covered with biodegradable films, especially multiple films as compared to single film, thereby resulting in extended shelf-life of the LFSs.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.724-733
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• 2021

Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the direct antioxidative effect of 90 Kda heat shock protein (Hsp90) obtained from duck muscle. Methods: The interaction of Hsp90 with phospholipids and oxidized phospholipids was studied with surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and their further oxidation in the presence of Hsp90 was evaluated with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The scavenging effect on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) was measured, and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with 5-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5,-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) was utilized to determine the abilities of Hsp90 in scavenging hydroxyl and PTIO radicals. Results: SPR showed Hsp90 could bind with both phospholipids and oxidized phospholipids, and prevent their further oxidation by the TBARS assay. The DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity increased with Hsp90 concentration, and could reach 27% and 20% respectively at the protein concentration of 50 μM. The EPR spectra demonstrated Hsp90 could directly scavenge ·OH and PTIO· radicals. Conclusion: This suggests that Hsp90, a natural antioxidant in meat, may play an important role in cellular defense against oxidative stress, and may have potential use in meat products.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.494-502
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate functional properties of reduced-salt pork meat products made of pre-rigor pork loin treated by different freezing temperatures (-30℃ and -70℃) during storage. Methods: Pre-rigor cured pork loin with 1.0% added salt was compared to post-rigor muscle added with 1.5% salt for pH, color (L^*, a^*, b^*), cooking loss (CL), expressible moisture, warner-Bratzler shear value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN). Results: Pre-rigor cured pork loins had higher pH and temperature than post-rigor ones as raw meat (p<0.05). pH values were higher for pre-rigor pork loins than those of post-rigor pork loins (p<0.05). Color values did not different among treatments (p>0.05). No color differences were observed during storage period after cooking (p>0.05). The CL (%) of pre-rigor cured pork loins was the lowest when frozen at -70℃. The TBARS and VBN increased from 8 weeks of storage (p<0.05), but no further changed thereafter (p>0.05). Pre-rigor cured pork loins added with 1.0% salt showed similar characteristics to post-rigor pork loins added with 1.5% salt. Conclusion: Cured pork loins could be produced using pre-rigor muscle added with 1/3 of the original salt level (1.5%) and could be stored for up to 4 wks of frozen storage, regardless of a frozen temperature of -30℃ or -70℃ without detrimental effects.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1705-1716
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the effects of cooking conditions on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of dry- and wet-aged beef strip loins. Methods: Dry- and wet-aged beef aged for 28 days were cooked using different cooking methods (grilling or oven roasting)×cooking temperatures (150℃ or 230℃), and their pH, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), volatile compounds, and color were measured. Results: Cooking conditions did not affect pH; however, grilling resulted in lower TBARS but higher cooking doneness at the dry-aged beef surface compared to oven roasting (p<0.05). In descriptive sensory analysis, the roasted flavor of dry-aged beef was significantly stronger when grill-cooked compared to oven roasting. Dry-aged beef grill-cooked at 150℃ presented a higher intensity of cheesy flavor, and that grilled at 230℃ showed a greater intensity of roasted flavor compared to wet-aged beef at the same condition, respectively. Conclusion: Grilling may be effective for enhancing the unique flavor in dry-aged beef.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2014

A total of 150 growing ducks were assigned to five dietary treatments to study the effect of sea tangle and charcoal (STC) supplementation on growth performance and meat characteristics in a completely randomized design. There were six replicates and five ducklings in each replication. The five dietary treatments were control, antibiotic, and 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% STC supplemented diets. No significant differences were found on ADG, ADFI, and gain:feed among treatments in different weeks. The overall (0 to 3 weeks) ADFI decreased in antibiotic treatment (p<0.05) whereas the gain:feed increased significantly upon 1.0% STC supplementation compared to control (p<0.05). No significant variation was found in meat chemical composition except crude fat content which was high in 1.0% STC dietary group (p<0.05). Meat cholesterol was reduced in 0.1% STC group (p<0.05) compared to other dose levels while serum cholesterol was unaffected. High density lipoprotein (HDL) content was high in 1.0% STC (p<0.05) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was low in 0.1% and 1.0% STC dietary groups (p = 0.06). No significant effect was found on the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of fresh meat, whereas the TBARS value of meat preserved for 1 week was reduced significantly in STC dietary groups (p<0.05). The 0.1% STC dietary group showed an increased myristic acid (p = 0.07) content whereas, the content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids increased in STC supplementation than antibiotic group (p<0.05). An increased concentration of omega-3 fatty acids and a reduced ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was found upon 1.0% STC supplementation compared to antibiotic dietary group (p<0.05). Therefore, 1.0% STC dietary supplementation can be used as alternatives to antibiotics in duck production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.576-584
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to develop a value-added product concerning technological and sensory characteristics changes of the use of mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM) as meat replacer in lamb and mutton emulsion-type sausages (mortadella). Methods: Sausages were produced with lamb and mutton and with different contents of MDPM. Six treatments, using lamb or mutton and 0%, 30%, and 60% of MDPM in relation to the meat batter, were produced and analyzed for pH, proximal composition, calcium and residual nitrite content, water activity, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), instrumental color and texture profile. The sensory profile of the mortadella's was also evaluated by acceptance test and check-all-that-applies (CATA) analysis. Results: The MDPM addition increased (p<0.05) fat, residual nitrite and calcium content in the all sausage formulations, but mutton sausage had (p<0.05) higher fat and lower moisture content than lamb sausage. The pH, water activity, TBARS index and color was not affected by MDPM additions, while the mutton sausages were significantly redder (higher $a^*$, $C^*$, and lower $h^{\circ}$) and darker (lower $L^*$) than lamb sausages. Adding up to 60% of MDPM reduced (p<0.05) sausages hardness and chewiness. Overall, the meat replacement by MDPM increased the sausages acceptance, but the mutton sausage with 30% of MDPM replacer were the most preferred. Consumers related that pink color, glossy appearance, poultry meat-like taste, soft texture, juicy and greasy mouth feel to all sausages contain MDPM according to CATA analysis. Conclusion: Mutton from culled ewes can be utilized for mortadella production with 30% replacement of lean mutton and fat by MDPM.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2022

We investigated the effects of Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (CJM) against oxidative stress-induced C6 glial cells and cognitive impairment in mice. To evaluate the anti-oxidative effect of the extract and fractions from CJM, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) assays were conducted in H₂O₂-treated C6 glial cells. Furthermore, we identified the protective mechanisms of CJM with a scopolamine-treated mice model. The results revealed that H₂O₂ decreased the cell viability in C6 glial cells, indicating that H₂O₂ induced oxidative stress in glial cells. However, CJM fractions significantly increased cell viability in H₂O₂-treated C6 glial cells, which suggested that CJM protected against oxidative stress. CJM extract and fractions also reduced ROS and NO production, which were increased by H₂O₂ in C6 glial cells. In particular, the EtOAc fraction from CJM (EACJM) effectively protected against oxidative stress by increasing the cell viability and decreasing ROS and NO. Therefore, we carried out further in vivo experiments with EACJM. Scopolamine caused increases of ROS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and NO production. However, EACJM effectively alleviated ROS, TBARS, and NO levels compared to scopolamine-injected mice. In addition, EACJM up-regulated protein expressions of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, indicating that EACJM enhanced the antioxidative system. Our results demonstrated that CJM had protective effects against oxidative stress in glial cells and memory dysfunction in mice. Based on these results, we propose that CJM could be a potential AD preventive and therapeutic agent.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1337-1342
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• 2004

현재 대부분의 굴비는 마른간법을 이용한 방법이 사용되고 있다. 마른간법은 제조 과정인 섞기에 있어서 조기의 상처가 발생할 뿐만 아니라 품질이 균일하지 못한 단점이 있다. 물간법을 이용하여 굴비를 가공할 때 상승효과를 위해서 10% 양파즙, 10% 마늘즙, 또는 양파즙과 마늘즙을 동량혼합한 것을 10% 첨가하고 12일간 상온에서 저장하면서 TVB-N, TBARS, TMA, 총균수변화를 관찰하였다. 분석 결과 마늘과 양파 혼합즙액으로 처리한 제품에서의 TVB-N 값은 88.2 mg/100 g, TMA와 TBARS는 각각 14.13 mg/100 g과 3.1$\mu$mol/kg으로 여러 처리구 중 가장 낮은 값을 보여주었다. 굴비의 지방산 조성은 30일간 저 장하면서 생조기, 염장조기, 마늘과 양파 혼합즙액을 처리한 염장조기에 대하여 지방산의 변화를 살펴본 결과 생조기와 굴비 모두 포화지방산의 비율은 32∼35%로 나타났으며, 포화지방산 중 가장 많은 비율을 차지하는 것은 palmitic acid로 21∼23%였다. 불포화지방산 중 이중결합이 1개인 monoenes의 비율은 39∼45%범위로 oleic acid가 가장 많은 비율을 차지하였다. 다가 불포화지방산의 비율은 생조기는 14%였으나 5일 건조한 것은 15∼19%로 나타났다. 저장 30일째 $\omega$-3계 지방산인 docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid에 있어서 염장 않은 굴비는 7.37%와 3.71%를 보여 주었으나, 물간법에 의한 굴비는 9.46%와4.08%, 마늘 양파 혼합즙액이 함유된 물간법으로 제조된 굴비에서는 9.91%와 4.25%로 높게 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.414-419
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• 2005

The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan-alginate-Fe(II) complex (CAFC) supplementation on carcass and meat qualities of pig m. longissimus during chiller ageing. One hundred and twenty-two LYD (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) pigs were sampled from an industrial population. Seventy-four pigs (32 gilts and 42 barrows) were administered 3 ml of dietary supplementation of CAFC per day from 25 to 70 days of age, while the remaining 48 pigs (20 gilts and 28 barrows) were fed the same commercial feeding regime without the supplementation. For assessing the dietary effects on pH, objective meat color, cooking loss, water-holding capacity (WHC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and fatty acid composition during ageing, 20 barrows (10 of each treatment) were randomly sampled, and aged for 3, 7, 12, 16, 20 and 25 days in a $1^{\circ}C$ chiller. The results showed that CAFC-fed pigs required approximately 10 fewer feeding days than the control group. Furthermore, the treatment resulted in greatly higher carcass grade whereby the grade A was increased by approximately 35% and 7% for gilts and barrows, respectively. The treatment had no significant effect (p>0.05) on pH, meat color and WHC during ageing. On the other hand, the CAFC-fed pigs showed significantly (p<0.05) lower TBARS values from 20 days of storage. In addition, the sum of unsaturated fatty acids for the treated group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that for the control group after the storage time. This implied that CAFC supplementation could reduce the formation of free radicals in fatty acids (i.e., lipid oxidation). The treatment also significantly (p<0.05) retarded VBN formation during ageing, indicating a significant reduction in protein degradation. However, as there was no difference in pH between the two groups, the result raised a possibility that antibacterial activity of the CAFC alone could cause reduction in the formation of TBARS and VBN. In this regard, although the treatment effectively slowed down the formation of TBARS and TBA during chiller ageing, it was not resolved whether that was associated with the direct effect of the antioxidant function of chitosan and/or alginate, or a consequence of their antibacterial functions.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2008

본 연구는 CLA를 육계사료에 첨가하여 그 급여수준(0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 및 2.0%)에 따라 CLA를 급여한 계육의 일반성분, 관능평가, pH, TBARS, 가열감량, 보수력, 전단력 및 육색의 변화를 검토하고자 육계 200수(Arbor Acre Broiler, male)를 공시하여 사양한 후 대퇴부위 근육을 이용하여 분석하였다. 계육의 일반성분 중에 조단백질 함량은 1.5%와 2.0% 급여구에서 유의적으로 높은 함량을 보였고(p<0.05), 수분, 조지방 및 조회분은 CLA 급여에 의한 영향은 없었다. 관능평가 결과 연도, 다즙성, 육향의 유의적인 차이는 관능검사요원에 의해 감지되지 못하였다. pH는 대조구보다 CLA 급여구에서 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). TBARS는 CLA 급여구에서 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 보였고, CLA급여량이 증가할수록 낮은 TBARS값을 나타내어(p<0.05), CLA는 계육의 저장성의 향상 가능성이 보였다. 보수성과 전단력 및 육색은 처리구간에 유의성이 없었다. 결론적으로 CLA를 급여함으로서 육질 변화 없이 2%까지 CLA 급여 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단되어 차후 CLA 급여에 의한 계육의 CLA축적에 관한 추가 실험이 필요하다고 생각된다.