• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.597-603
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• 2011

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare one-hand and two-hands lifting activity in terms of biomechanical stress for the range of lifting heights from 10cm above floor level to knuckle height. Background: Even though two-hands lifting activity of manual materials handling tasks are prevalent at the industrial site, many manual materials handling tasks which require the worker to perform one-hand lifting are also very common at the industrial site and forestry and farming. Method: Eight male subjects were asked to perform lifting tasks using both a one-handed as well as a two-handed lifting technique. Trunk muscle electromyographic activity was recorded while the subjects performed the lifting tasks. This information was used as input to an EMG-assisted free-dynamic biomechanical model that predicted spinal loading in three dimensions. Results: It was shown that for the left-hand lifting tasks, the values of moment, lateral shear force, A-P shear force, and compressive force were increased by the average 43%, as the workload was increased twice from 7.5kg to 15.0kg. For the right-hand lifting task, these were increased by the average 34%. For the two-hands lifting tasks, these were increased by the average 25%. The lateral shear forces at L5/S1 of one-hand lifting tasks, notwithstanding the half of the workload of two-hands lifting tasks, were very high in the 300~317% of the one of two-hands lifting tasks. The moments at L5/S1 of one-hand lifting tasks were 126~166% of the one of two-hands lifting tasks. Conclusion: It is concluded that the effect of workload for one-hand lifting is greater than two-hands lifting. It can also be concluded that asymmetrical effect of one-hand lifting is much greater than workload effect. Application: The results of this study can be used to provide guidelines of recommended safe weights for tasks involved in one-hand lifting activity.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2016

Objectives: Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have deficits in time perception, as assessed by the time estimation task and the time reproduction task, however its age-related trajectory is not yet determined. Therefore we examined the correlation between accuracy of time perception tasks and age, and the association between accuracy of estimation tasks and reproduction tasks. Methods: Sixty-three patients with ADHD, aged 8 to 18 years tested the tasks for five time durations (2, 4, 12, 45, and 60 seconds). Accuracy of tasks was assumed differences (absolute values) between raw results of tasks and original time durations. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to determine correlation between accuracy of time perception tasks and age. Multivariate regression was used to determine the association of accuracy of estimation tasks with accuracy of reproduction tasks. Results: Age showed correlation with accuracy of estimation tasks, but not with that of reproduction tasks. We observed that the higher the accuracy in 12, 45, and 60 seconds duration time reproduction, the higher the accuracy in longer seconds duration time estimation. Conclusion: Age was correlated with time estimation accuracy whereas there was no impact on time reproduction accuracy. Association of each of the two time perception tasks, particularly in longer time duration, suggested specific impairments in time perception.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.449-472
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 2006년에 새롭게 출판된 MiC 교과서를 대상으로, Stein 외(2009)가 제안한 바 있는 인지적 요구 정도(cognitive demand level)에 따라 구체적이고 체계적인 분석 기준과 분석틀을 이용하여 MiC 교과서에서 다루고 있는 수학적 과제들의 유형을 분석하고자 하였다. MiC 교과서에서 다뤄지는 내용은 크게 수, 대수, 기하와 측정, 자료 분석과 통계인데, 본 연구에서는 모든 영역의 내용을 다루기에는 너무나 양이 방대하여, 본 연구에서는 학교 안팎의 실생활 소재나 문제 상황이 보다 풍부한 함수 영역을 선정하여 이에 한정하여 다루었다. 다만, MiC 교과서는 level 1, 2, 3의 세 권으로 구분되어 있는데, 함수 내용은 Level 3에만 제시되어 있으므로 본 연구에서는 level 3만을 대상으로 한다. 이 연구를 통하여 궁극적으로 MiC 교과서의 수학적 과제가 얼마만큼 융통성 있게 풍부하게 다뤄지는가를 분석을 통하여 파악해 봄과 동시에, 이로부터 도출된 양질의 결과를 토대로 우리나라 교과서 개발 및 구현을 위한 시사점을 도출하고자 한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.103-123
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• 2017

수학 수업에서 교사가 학생들이 제시할 적절한 과제를 선정하는 것은 중요하며 다양한 유형의 수학적 과제를 수반하는 수학 교과서의 효율적인 활용 또한 유의미하다고 할 수 있다(NCTM, 2000). 이러한 맥락에서 수학적 과제와 관련하여 이를 수반하는 수학 교과서의 탐색 및 분석은 의미 있는 일이며, 이때 수학적 과제들을 중심으로 구현된 MiC 교과서의 탐색이 적절할 것으로 판단된다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 MiC 교과서에서 다루고 있는 수학적 과제들을 대상으로 학생들이 다양한 유형의 수학적 과제들을 통해 겪게 되는 인지적 요구 수준에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 2006년에 출판된 MiC 교과서를 대상으로 하되, MiC 교과서의 모든 내용을 다루기에는 방대하므로 학교 안팎의 실생활 소재나 문제 상황이 보다 풍부한 '자료 분석과 확률' 영역을 선정하여 중학교급에 한정하여 다루기로 하였다. 한 마디로, 본 연구에서는 Stein 외(2009)가 제안한 과제 유형별 특징, 즉 '인지적 요구 수준(cognitive demand level)'을 기반으로 과제 유형 분석틀을 재구성하여 마련하고, 이를 토대로 MiC 교과서에서 다루고 있는 총 22개의 수학적 과제들의 수준(유형)을 살펴보고자 하였다. 끝으로, 본 연구 목적에 따라 도출된 양질의 결과를 토대로 교수 학습 자료의 개발 및 활용을 위한 제언을 덧붙이고자 한다.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.555-566
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• 2017

This study analyzes the practical tasks and required competency for technical designers to provide basic data on the training of domestic technical designers. The survey was applied to 21 technical designers of big vendors as well as investigated tasks, task flow, important tasks, time-consuming tasks, and required competencies. The results of the study are as follows. First, the technical designers were in charge of several brands of buyers and distributors of fashion companies, or several lines of the same brand. The main production items were cut and sewn knits. Second, the flow of task and tasks were in the order of buyer comments analysis, sloper decision to matching style, sewing specification, productive sewing method research, size specification suggestion, pattern correction comments, construction decision to matching style & fabric, sample evaluations, fit approval, business e-mail writing, specification & grading confirmation, and communication with buyer. Third, five tasks (analysis of buyer comments analysis, communication with buyer, pattern correction comments, productive sewing methods research, sample evaluation) were important and time-consuming tasks. Fourth, reeducation was required in order of sewing, pattern, English, fabric, and fitting. Fifth, competencies to be a technical designers were fitting, pattern correction, size specification & grading, construction & sewing specification, sewing terms & techniques, and communication skills. In conclusion, technical designer training should focus on technology-based instruction, such as sample evaluation, fitting, pattern correction, and productive sewing methods research of cut and sewn knits.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.1741-1751
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• 2007

The imprecise computation technique ensures that all time-critical tasks produce their results before their deadlines by trading off the quality of the results for the computation time requirements of the tasks. In the imprecise computation, most scheduling problems of satisfying both 0/1 constraints and timing constraints, while the total error is minimized, are NP-complete when the optional tasks have arbitrary processing times. In the previous studies, the reasonable strategies of scheduling tasks with the 0/1 constraints on uniprocessors and multiprocessors for minimizing the total error are proposed. But, these algorithms are all off-line algorithms. Then, in the on-line scheduling, NORA(No Off-line tasks and on-line tasks Ready upon Arrival) algorithm can find a schedule with the minimum total error. In NORA algorithm, EDF(Earliest Deadline First) strategy is adopted in the scheduling of optional tasks. On the other hand, for the task system with 0/1 constraints, NORA algorithm may not suitable any more for minimizing total error of the imprecise tasks. Therefore, in this paper, an on-line algorithm is proposed to minimize total error for the imprecise real-time task system with 0/1 constraints. This algorithm is suitable for the imprecise on-line system with 0/1 constraints. Next, to evaluate performance of this algorithm, a series of experiments are done. As a consequence of the performance comparison, it has been concluded that IOSMTE(Imprecise On-line Scheduling to Minimize Total Error) algorithm proposed in this paper outperforms LOF(Longest Optional First) strategy and SOF(Shortest Optional First) strategy for the most cases.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2015

다중프로세서 시스템에서 실시간 비주기 태스크 스케줄링 방법 중 하나인 합성 이용율 방법은 주기 태스크들을 고려하지 않고 단지 비주기 태스크들을 위한 스케줄링 방식이다. 하지만 실제로 비주기 태스크는 대부분의 경우에 주기 태스크와의 혼합된 형태로 스케줄링이 이루어지며, 주기 태스크의 스케줄링을 보장하면서 비주기 태스크의 스케줄링 가능성을 판단해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 다중프로세서 시스템에서 주기태스크와 비주기 태스크가 혼합된 태스크 집합을 개선된 합성 이용율을 이용하여 스케줄링하기 위한 방법을 제시하였으며, 기존의 비주기 서버를 이용하여 혼합 태스크 집합을 스케줄링 하는 방법보다 스케줄링 성능이 향상됨을 보였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.253-270
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate the extent to which Korean high school textbooks incorporate opportunities for students to engage in the mathematical modeling process through tasks related to exponential and logarithmic functions. The tasks in three textbooks were analyzed based on the actions required for each stage in the mathematical modeling process, which includes identifying essential variables, formulating models, performing operations, interpreting results, and validating the outcomes. The study identified 324 units across the three textbooks, and the reliability coefficient was 0.869, indicating a high level of agreement in the coding process. The analysis revealed that the distribution of tasks requiring engagement in each of the five stages was similar in all three textbooks, reflecting the 2015 revised curriculum and national curriculum system. Among the 324 analyzed tasks, the highest proportion of the units required performing operations found in the mathematical modeling process. The findings suggest a need to include high-quality tasks that allow students to experience the entire process of mathematical modeling and to acknowledge the limitations of textbooks in providing appropriate opportunities for mathematical modeling with a heavy emphasis on performing operations. These results provide implications for the development of mathematical modeling activities and the reconstruction of textbook tasks in school mathematics, emphasizing the need to enhance opportunities for students to engage in mathematical modeling tasks and for teachers to provide support for students in the tasks.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2003

This study is an attempt to analyze the physical load by the type of the nursing tasks at the neurosurgical ICU nurses through the quantitative analysis of the working postures by the type of the nursing tasks with the OWAS(Ovako Working Postures Analysis System). Data collection was conducted through the video recording of the 13 nurses working at the neurosurgical ICU. For the analysis of the work postures by the type of the nursing tasks, and were interviewed regarding the subjective degree of the difficulties with the work postures related to the tasks. Collected data was analyzed through the WinOWAS program. The results were as follows : AC3 or AC4 tasks among the 18 nursing tasks types are "occupied bed making and change of the patient gown", "back massage", "suction", "elimination management", "change of position", "adjustment of bed", "helping the patient to move","measurement of CVP"and "measurement of urine volume". It appears that these tasks are harmful to the musculoskeletal system and the improvement or change of the work is required. The results stated above indicate that improper working postures during the nursing tasks influence the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, making use of assistant devices for the improvement of the working environment at the nursing tasks, based on human technological diagnoses, is required regarding the duty types with massive work pressure known to be harmful to the musculoskeletal system among those performed by the nurses. And there is a need of the education about the employment and maintenance of the vocational back pain prevention.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.161-175
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• 2004

This study investigated and compared the tasks peformed by Consumer Agencies in Korea and Japan. It also investigated the variables influencing evaluation scores on consumer tasks. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, Japanese counselors were predominantly older, married females in contrast to the predominance of relatively young, single, male, Korean consumer counselors. In Korea, most consumer tasks were performed by Consumer Agencies in Seoul while internet counseling was popular. In addition, 13 counselors belong to Korean Consumer Agencies while 80 worked in the Korea Consumer Protection Board. In Japan, consumer tasks were peformed by Consumer Centers located broadly across the nation but no internet counseling was provided, while the average number of consumer counselors per Consumer Center was 8. The average number of consumer counseling sessions per day was greater in Korea than in Japan while the average monthly income was higher in Japan than in Korea. Second, evaluation of the tasks performed by Consumer Agencies revealed that the Korean Consumer Agencies scored higher performance than their Japanese counterparts. Third, the degree of job satisfaction significantly influenced evaluation scores in both consumer counseling tasks and provision of consumer information in Korea. In Korea, among the tasks concerning consumer education, job-training education was a significant variable while the number of Korean counselors in Consumer Agencies positively influenced scores on activities concerning consumer movement and alliance with other agencies. However, the degree of job satisfaction among counselors positively and significantly influenced evaluation scores in tasks concerning consumer counseling, provision of consumers'information, and consumer education. On the other hand, the number of counselors in Japanese Consumer Centers influenced the evaluation scores on tasks concerning consumer policy, consumer survey, and consumer campaign.