• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2013

The fat content, fatty acid composition, trans fatty acid content and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of 22 chocolates (domestics 8, foreigns 14) collected from the Korea distribution markets were investigated. The crude fat was extracted by acid hydrolysis method and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and reversed-phase HPLC for fatty acid and TAG compositions, respectively. The crude fat content of all chocolates varied between 30.11% and 49.59%. The major fatty acids in most of the chocolates were palmitic acid (19.36~31.15 wt%), stearic acid (5.11~36.32 wt%) and oleic acid (18.77~36.68 wt%). Whereas lauric acid (approximately 35.43 wt%) was detected in chocolate fat of sample No. 18. High oleic acid content was observed for the sn-2 position fatty acid with a range from 64.91% to 86.93%. Trans fatty acid contents in domestic chocolates (sample No. 1~8) and foreign chocolates (sample No. 9~22) were 0.03~0.59 wt% (0.01~0.19 g/100g chocolate) and 0.05~6.32 wt% (0.02~1.99 g/100g chocolate), respectively. In TAG composition, TAGs such as POP/PPO(1,3(2)-palmitoyl-2(3)-oleoyl glycerol, PN=48), POS/PSO(palmitoyl-oleoyl-stearoyl glycerol or palmitoyl-stearoyl-oleoyl glycerol, PN=50), SOS/SSO(1,3(2)-stearoyl-2(3)-oleoyl glycerol, PN=50) were mainly detected in most of the chocolates. The peaks of TAG with low PN (ex, 32-34, 36-38, and 40-42) were detected in No. 18 chocolate fat because of containing short chain fatty acid such as lauric acid.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.242-250
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• 2023

Comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) is an activating protein of triacylglycerol (TAG) lipase. It has a variety of catalytic activities whereby it may play different roles in diverse organisms. In this study, a homolog of CGI-58 in Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PtCGI-58) was identified. PtCGI-58 was localized in mitochondria by GFP fusion protein analysis, which is different from the reported subcellular localization of CGI-58 in animals and plants. Respectively, PtCGI-58 overexpression resulted in increased neutral lipid content and TAG accumulation by 42-46% and 21-32%. Likewise, it also increased the relative content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and in particular, the EPA content in TAGs almost doubled. Transcript levels of genes involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis and mitochondrial β-oxidation were significantly upregulated in PtCGI-58 overexpression strains compared with wild-type cells. Our findings suggest that PtCGI-58 may mediate the breakdown of lipids in mitochondria and the recycling of acyl chains derived from mitochondrial β-oxidation into TAG biosynthesis. Moreover, this study potentially illuminates new functions for CGI-58 in lipid homeostasis and provides a strategy to enrich EPA in algal TAGs.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1438-1444
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• 2018

Recently, with the development of Internet technologies and propagation of smart devices, use of microblogs such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram has been rapidly increasing. Many users check for new information on microblogs because the content on their timelines is continually updating. Therefore, clustering algorithms are necessary to arrange the content of microblogs by grouping them for a user who wants to get the newest information. However, microblogs have word limits, and it has there is not enough information to analyze for content clustering. In this paper, we propose a semantic-based K-means clustering algorithm that not only measures the similarity between the data represented as a vector space model, but also measures the semantic similarity between the data by exploiting the TagCluster for clustering. Through the experimental results on the RepLab2013 Twitter dataset, we show the effectiveness of the semantic-based K-means clustering algorithm.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

For more effective index extraction and index weight determination, studies of extracting indices are carried out by using document content as well as structure. However, most of studies are concentrating in calculating the importance of context rather than that of XML tag. These conventional studies determine its importance from the aspect of common sense rather than verifying that through an objective experiment. This paper, for the automatic indexing by using the tag information of XML document that has taken its place as the standard for web document management, classifies major tags of constructing a paper according to its importance and calculates the term weight extracted from the tag of low weight. By using the weight obtained, this paper proposes a method of calculating the final weight while updating the term weight extracted from the tag of high weight. In order to determine more objective weight, this paper tests the tag that user considers as important and reflects it in calculating the weight by classifying its importance according to the result. Then by comparing with the search performance while using the index weight calculated by applying a method of determining existing tag importance, it verifies effectiveness of the index weight calculated by applying the method proposed in this paper.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.399-406
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• 2021

With the steady growth of the content industry, the need for research that automatically recommending content suitable for individual tastes is increasing. In order to improve the accuracy of automatic content recommendation, it is needed to fuse existing recommendation techniques using users' preference history for contents along with recommendation techniques using content metadata or features extracted from the content itself. In this work, we propose a new graph-based music recommendation method which learns an LSTM-based classification model to automatically extract appropriate tagging words from sound data and apply the extracted tagging words together with the users' preferred music lists and music metadata to graph-based music recommendation. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms existing recommendation methods in terms of the recommendation accuracy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.1072-1081
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• 2020

Screening suitable strains with high temperature adaptability is of great importance for reducing the cost of temperature control in microalgae cultivation, especially in summer. To obtain high temperature-tolerant diatoms, water samples were collected in summer from 7 different regions of China across the Northeast, North and East. A total of 731 water samples was collected and from them 131 diatom strains were isolated and identified based on the 18S rRNA sequences. Forty-nine strains out of the 131 diatoms could survive at 30℃, and 6 strains with relatively high biomass and lipid content at high temperature were selected and were found to be able to grow at 35℃. Cyclotella sp. HB162 had the highest dry biomass of 0.46 g/l and relatively high triacylglycerol (TAG) content of 237.4 mg/g dry biomass. The highest TAG content of 246.4 mg/g dry biomass was obtained in Fistulifera sp. HB236, while Nitzschia palea HB170 had high dry biomass (0.33 g/l) but relatively low TAG content (105.9 mg/g dry biomass). N. palea HB170 and Fistulifera sp. HB236 presented relatively stable growth rates and lipid yields under fluctuating temperatures ranging from 28 to 35℃, while Cyclotella HB162 maintained high lipid yield at temperatures below 25℃. The percentage of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in all the 6 strains was 84-91% in total lipids and 90-94% in TAGs, which makes them the ideal feedstock for biodiesel.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1290-1302
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• 2016

Microalgae are being researched for their potential as attractive biofuel feedstock, particularly for their lipid production. For maximizing biofuel production, it is necessary to explore the effects of environmental factors on algal lipid-producing potential. In this study, the effects of nitrogen (N) sources (NO₂-N, NO₃-N, urea-N, NH₄-N, and N-deficiency) and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (C/N= 0, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0) on algal lipid-producing potential of Chlorella sp. HQ were investigated. The results showed that for Chlorella growth and lipid accumulation potential, NO₂-N was the best amongst the nitrogen sources, and NO₃-N and urea-N also contributed to algal growth and lipid accumulation potential, but NH₄-N and N-deficiency instead caused inhibitory effects. Moreover, the results indicated that algal lipid-producing potential was related to C/N ratios. With NO₂-N treatment and carbon addition (C/N = 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0), total lipid yield was enhanced by 12.96-20.37%, but triacylglycerol (TAG) yields decreased by 25.52-94.31%. As for NO₃-N treatment, carbon addition led to a 17.82-57.43%/25.86-82.67% reduction of total lipid/TAG yields. When NH₄-N was used as the nitrogen source, total lipid/TAG yields were increased by 46.67-113.33%/28.99-74.76% with carbon addition. The total lipid/TAG yields of urea-N treatment varied with C/N ratios. Overall, the highest TAG yield (TAG yield: 38.75 ± 5.21 mg/l; TAG content: 44.16 ± 4.35%) was achieved under NO₂-N treatment without carbon addition (C/N = 0), the condition that had merit for biofuel production.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

Recently, recognizing user resource for personalized service has been needed in digital content service fields. Especially, to analyze user taste, recommend music and service music related information need recognition of user music file in case of online music service. Music related information service is offered through recognizing user music based on tag information. Recognition error has grown by weak points like changing and removing of tag information. Techniques of content based user music recognition with music signal itself are researched for solving upper problems. In this paper, we propose user music recognition on the internet by extracted feature from music signal. Features are extracted after suitable preprocessing for structure of content based user music recognition. Recognizing on music server consist of feature form are progressed with extracted feature. Through this, user music can be recognized independently of tag data. 600 music was collected and converted to each 5 music qualities for proving of proposed recognition. Converted 3000 experiment music on this method is used for recognition experiment on music server including 300,000 music. Average of recognition ratio was 85%. Weak points of tag based music recognition were overcome through proposed content based music recognition. Recognition performance of proposed method show a possibility that can be adapt to online music service in practice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1113-1120
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• 2011

Enzymatic interesterification was conducted with the palm mid fraction (PMF) and stearic ethyl ester for 1, 5, and 9 hr at 46$^{\circ}C$. The reaction was catalyzed by Lipozyme TLIM (2, 3, and 4% by weight of total substrates) in a shaking water bath at 180 rpm. As the reaction continued, oleic acid (C18:1) content at the sn-2 position decreased, whereas saturated fatty acid (C16:0 and C18:0) content increased. In the high performance chromatography analysis, 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl glycerol content decreased, whereas 1(3)-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3(1)-stearoyl glycerol (POS) content increased up to the reaction equilibrium. The rate of acyl migration increased with increasing molar ratio and enzyme load as well as reaction time. The optimal reaction conditions for maximizing POS content (53.5 area%) and minimizing acyl migration (23.1 area%) were obtained with a PMF : stearic ethyl ester=1:2 (molar ratio), Lipozyme TLIM 3 wt%, and a reaction time of 5 hr.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.754-757
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• 2009

The current concrete maturity method implemented with temperature sensors requires an extensive wiring, which is not often acceptable on construction site due to harsh working environment. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology appears to provide a solution for the wiring issue because of its ability of sending data wirelessly. An RFID tag integrated with a temperature sensor and placed within fresh concrete may be able to read temperatures of concrete and transmit them to an RFID reader wirelessly in real-time. However the previous research illustrated that the RFID signal gets dispersed in liquid medium. One may speculate then whether RFID signals travel through fresh concrete with high water content. Would the tag's burying depth within fresh concrete affect its readability? The paper presents the preliminary results of our on-going investigation on the readability of RFID tags in concrete against water content and burying depth of tags.