• 전자통신동향분석
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.20-33
• /
• 2020

Temporal action detection (TAD) in untrimmed videos is an important but a challenging problem in the field of computer vision and has gathered increasing interest recently. Although most studies on action in videos have addressed action recognition in trimmed videos, TAD methods are required to understand real-world untrimmed videos, including mostly background and some meaningful action instances belonging to multiple action classes. TAD is mainly composed of temporal action localization that generates temporal action proposals, such as single action and action recognition, which classifies action proposals into action classes. However, the task of generating temporal action proposals with accurate temporal boundaries is challenging in TAD. In this paper, we discuss TAD technologies that are considered high performance in terms of representative TAD studies based on deep learning. Further, we investigate evaluation methodologies for TAD, such as benchmark datasets and performance measures, and subsequently compare the performance of the discussed TAD models.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.532-536
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 하수 슬러지를 대상으로 단상 고온($55^{\circ}C$)과 중온($35^{\circ}C$) 혐기성 소화조의 안정성, 고형물 제거 및 메탄생성을 관찰하였다. 실험 결과 별도의 pH 조절 없이 고온($R_{TAD}$, reactor of thermophilic anaerobic digestion) 및 중온 ($R_{MAD}$, reactor of mesophilic anaerobic digestion) 소화조 내 pH의 경우 혐기 소화 시 안정적인 미생물 활성을 나타낸다고 알려진 6.5-8.0 사이의 값을 소화 기간 내내 유지하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한, total alkalinity (TA)의 경우 $R_{TAD}$ 및 $R_{MAD}$ 모두 3-4 g $CaCO_3/L$의 높은 값을 안정적으로 유지하였다. 고형물 제거의 경우 순응 기간 후 $R_{TAD}$에서 43.3%, $R_{MAD}$에서 33.6%의 VS 제거율을 보이며 $R_{TAD}$에서 약 10% 높은 VS 제거율은 제거율을 보였다. 유기산의 경우 $R_{TAD}$ 및 $R_{MAD}$에서 순응 기간 직후 검출되지 않았다. $R_{TAD}$ 및 $R_{MAD}$ 모두 순응 기간 후 안정적인 메탄 생성을 보였으며, $R_{TAD}$에서 $R_{MAD}$에 비해 31.4% 향상된 메탄 생성률이 관찰되었다($R_{TAD}$; 243 mL $CH_4/L/d$; $R_{MAD}$ : 185 mL $CH_4/L/d$). 반면, 두소화조 $R_{TAD}$ 및 $R_{MAD}$에서의 메탄 수율은 유사한 값을 보였다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제57권6호
• /
• pp.333-343
• /
• 2019

Many orthodontists face difficulties in aligning incisors in an esthetically critical position, because the individual perception of beauty fluctuates with time and trend. Temporary anchorage device (TAD) can aid in attaining this critical incisor position, which determines an attractive smile, the amount of incisor display, and lip contour. Borderline cases can be treated without extraction and the capricious minds of patients can be satisfied with regard to the incisor position through whole dentition distalization using TAD. Mild to moderate bimaxillary protrusion cases can be treated with TAD-driven en masse retraction without premolar extraction. Patients with Angle's Class III malocclusion can be the biggest beneficiaries because both sufficient maxillary incisal display, through intrusion of mandibular incisors, and distalization of the mandibular dentition are successfully achieved. In addition, TAD can be used to correct various other malocclusions, such as canting of the occlusal plane and dental/alveolus asymmetry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.683-686
• /
• 2002

To achieve optimum operation of a thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) process for waste activated sludge (WAS), TAD experiments using Bacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 31197) were carried out to investigate the optimum concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO). TAD reactors were operated at DO concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ppm, and the results showed that the WAS could be successfully degraded by a TAD system operated with a DO concentration of 1 ppm and above. When the TAD system with an optimum additive (2 mM Ca ion), selected from a previous study, and 1 ppm DO concentration were combined with a thermal pretreatment ($121^{\circ}C$, 10 min), the results exhibited upgraded total suspended solids and an enhanced protein degradation.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.557-560
• /
• 2011

It has been known that Δ-desaturase (TAD5) in the biosynthetic pathway of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of Thraustochytrium aureumis responsible for the conversion of di-homo-${\gamma}$-linolenic acid (C20：4) into arachidonic acid (C20：4). The genetic sequence analysis on TAD5 of Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC34304 used in this study showed that it has two amino acid changes when compared to that of Thraustochytrium aureum TAD5 first reported in 2003. Accordingly, Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC34304 TAD5 was named TAD5_1. TAD5_1-inserted methylotropic Pichia pastoris was prepared and then cultured with a precursor fatty acid, di-homo-${\gamma}$-linolenic acid. GC analysis confirmed that a certain amount of the precursor fatty acid was converted into arachidonic acid. In this study, not only a recombinant Pichia pastoris with the typical activity of ${\Delta}5$-desaturase which plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of LCPUFAs was successfully made but also the preparationpotential of a recombinant Pichia pastoris strain which may synthesize eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that are important in maintaining and improving human's brain function was proposed.

• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.459-471
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to increase prediction accuracy for an anomaly interval identified using an artificial intelligence-based time series anomaly detection technique by establishing a pre-processing process. Methods: Significant variables were extracted by applying feature selection techniques, and anomalies were derived using the TadGAN time series anomaly detection algorithm. After applying machine learning and deep learning methodologies using normal section data (excluding anomaly sections), the explanatory power of the anomaly sections was demonstrated through performance comparison. Results: The results of the machine learning methodology, the performance was the best when SHAP and TadGAN were applied, and the results in the deep learning, the performance was excellent when Chi-square Test and TadGAN were applied. Comparing each performance with the papers applied with a Conventional methodology using the same data, it can be seen that the performance of the MLR was significantly improved to 15%, Random Forest to 24%, XGBoost to 30%, Lasso Regression to 73%, LSTM to 17% and GRU to 19%. Conclusion: Based on the proposed process, when detecting unsupervised learning anomalies of data that are not actually labeled in various fields such as cyber security, financial sector, behavior pattern field, SNS. It is expected to prove the accuracy and explanation of the anomaly detection section and improve the performance of the model.

• 대한치과교정학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한치과교정학회 2005년도 제38회 학술대회
• /
• pp.153.2-153.2
• /
• 2005

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.106-115
• /
• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of force loading on root damage caused by contact with temporary anchorage devices (TADs) during orthodontic treatment and to examine the repair process 4, 8, and 12 weeks after TAD contact by micro-computed tomography (CT). Methods: We enrolled 42 volunteers who required bilateral upper first premolar extractions. The experimental study design was as follows. For both first premolars, cantilever springs were placed, and then TADs were immediately inserted between the premolars of all volunteers. According to the removal order of the appliances, the participants were divided into the TAD group (Group T: n = 21, only TAD removal) and the spring group (Group S: n = 21, only spring removal). A splitmouth design was adopted in both groups as follows. For each volunteer, the left premolars were extracted 4, 8, or 12 weeks after TAD-root contact. The right premolars were extracted immediately after contact in both groups (Groups T-C and S-C) and used as positive controls. Resorption volumes and numbers of craters were determined by micro-CT. Results: The numbers of resorption craters were higher in Group T than in Group S at 8 and 12 weeks (p < 0.01). Crater volumes were higher in Group T than in Group S at 4 and 12 weeks (p < 0.01, both). Conclusions: Root injury was not completely repaired 12 weeks after root-TAD contact, even when the TADs were removed in cases of continuous force application.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.199-204
• /
• 2001

목적 : 정위방사선치료 시 정상 뇌 조직을 고선량의 방사선으로부터 최대한 보호하며 치료의 효율성을 높이기 위하여 치료 인자 중 콜리메이터의 크기와 arc 간 간격에 따른 이상적인 total arc degree (TAD) 값을 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : XKnife-3 planning system을 사용하여 환자의 송과체 부위에 방사선 빔의 회전중심점을 위치시킨 후 12, 20, 30, 40, 50 그리고 60 mm 직경의 정위방사선치료용 원형 콜리메이터를 이용하여 각각의 콜리메이터 직경별로 TAD를 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600도, 그리고 arc 간 간격을 30도(6-arc system)와 45도(4-arc system)로 설정하여 방사선치료계획을 수립하였다. 치료계획을 통해 얻은 누적선량체적히스토그람을 이용하여 회전중심점 처방선량의 $50\%$ 이상 조사되는 정상 뇌의 용적$(V_{50})$ 및 적분 생물학적 유효선량(integral biologically effective dose)을 이용하여 각각의 TAD에 따른 방사선치료계획을 비교하였다. 결과 : TAD에 따른 $V_{50}$의 변화는 arc 간 각도가 30도인 경우에는 콜리메이터 직경과 관계없이 TAD가 증가할수록 감소하는 양상을 보였으나, 45도의 arc 간 각도에서는 400도의 TAD까지는 감소하다가 400도 이상의 TAD에서 $V_{50}$은 증가하거나 변화가 없었다. 적분 생물학적 유효선량 값의 변화는 arc 간 간격이 30도인 경우에는 콜리메이터의 직경에 관계없이 TAD가 증가함에 따라 미소하게 감소하는 양상을 보였다. arc 간 각도가 45도인 경우에는 콜리메이터 직경이 40 mm 이하에서는 TAD가 증가함에 따라 적분 생물학적 유효선량은 계속 감소하였으나, 50 mm와 60 mm 직경의 콜리메이터에서는 TAD가 400도까지는 감소하다가 500도 이상의 TAD에서는 증가하였다. 결론 : 정위방사선치료 시 400도 정도의 TAD를 사용하는 것은 300도 이하 혹은 500도 이상의 TAD를 사용하는 것 보다 치료 효과를 높이면서 치료계획과 치료 시 장비 및 인적 자원의 효율적인 운용을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2009

The thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) process is recognized as an effective method for rapid waste activated sludge (WAS) degradation and the deactivation of pathogenic microorganisms. Yet, high energy costs due to heating and aeration have limited the commercialization of economical TAD processes. Previous research on autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) has already reduced the heating cost. However, only a few studies have focused on reducing the aeration cost. Therefore, this study applied a two-step aeration control strategy to a fill-and-draw mode semicontinuous TAD process. The NADH-dependent fluorescence was monitored throughout the TAD experiment, and the aeration rate shifted according to the fluorescence intensity. As a result, the simple two-step aeration control operation achieved a 20.3% reduction in the total aeration, while maintaining an effective and stable operation. It is also expected that more savings can be achieved with a further reduction of the lower aeration rate or multisegmentation of the aeration rate.