• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.20-33
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• 2020

Temporal action detection (TAD) in untrimmed videos is an important but a challenging problem in the field of computer vision and has gathered increasing interest recently. Although most studies on action in videos have addressed action recognition in trimmed videos, TAD methods are required to understand real-world untrimmed videos, including mostly background and some meaningful action instances belonging to multiple action classes. TAD is mainly composed of temporal action localization that generates temporal action proposals, such as single action and action recognition, which classifies action proposals into action classes. However, the task of generating temporal action proposals with accurate temporal boundaries is challenging in TAD. In this paper, we discuss TAD technologies that are considered high performance in terms of representative TAD studies based on deep learning. Further, we investigate evaluation methodologies for TAD, such as benchmark datasets and performance measures, and subsequently compare the performance of the discussed TAD models.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.532-536
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• 2016

In this study, single-stage continuous anaerobic reactors to treat sewage sludge were operated under different temperature (55 and $35^{\circ}C$; $R_{TAD}$ and $R_{MAD}$) to evaluate the reactor stability and performance of the thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion. During the overall digestion, both anaerobic reactors maintained quite stable and constant pH and total alkalinity (TA) values in the range of 6.5-8.0 and 3-4 g $CaCO_3/L$, respectively. After the start-up period, $R_{TAD}$ showed 10% higher VS removal efficiency than that of $R_{MAD}$ ($R_{TAD}$; 43.3%; $R_{MAD}$ : 33.6%). Although organic acids such as acetic and propionic acid were detected in both anaerobic reactors at the start-up period, all organic acids in $R_{TAD}$ and $R_{MAD}$ were consumed at the steady state condition. Also $R_{TAD}$ showed 31.4 % higher methane production rate (MPR) than that of $R_{MAD}$ at the steady state condition ($R_{TAD}$; 243 mL $CH_4/L/d$; $R_{MAD}$ : 185 mL $CH_4/L/d$). Meanwhile, the experimental results indicated similar methane yield between $R_{TAD}$ and $R_{MAD}$.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.333-343
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• 2019

Many orthodontists face difficulties in aligning incisors in an esthetically critical position, because the individual perception of beauty fluctuates with time and trend. Temporary anchorage device (TAD) can aid in attaining this critical incisor position, which determines an attractive smile, the amount of incisor display, and lip contour. Borderline cases can be treated without extraction and the capricious minds of patients can be satisfied with regard to the incisor position through whole dentition distalization using TAD. Mild to moderate bimaxillary protrusion cases can be treated with TAD-driven en masse retraction without premolar extraction. Patients with Angle's Class III malocclusion can be the biggest beneficiaries because both sufficient maxillary incisal display, through intrusion of mandibular incisors, and distalization of the mandibular dentition are successfully achieved. In addition, TAD can be used to correct various other malocclusions, such as canting of the occlusal plane and dental/alveolus asymmetry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.683-686
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• 2002

To achieve optimum operation of a thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) process for waste activated sludge (WAS), TAD experiments using Bacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 31197) were carried out to investigate the optimum concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO). TAD reactors were operated at DO concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ppm, and the results showed that the WAS could be successfully degraded by a TAD system operated with a DO concentration of 1 ppm and above. When the TAD system with an optimum additive (2 mM Ca ion), selected from a previous study, and 1 ppm DO concentration were combined with a thermal pretreatment ($121^{\circ}C$, 10 min), the results exhibited upgraded total suspended solids and an enhanced protein degradation.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.557-560
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• 2011

It has been known that Δ-desaturase (TAD5) in the biosynthetic pathway of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of Thraustochytrium aureumis responsible for the conversion of di-homo-${\gamma}$-linolenic acid (C20：4) into arachidonic acid (C20：4). The genetic sequence analysis on TAD5 of Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC34304 used in this study showed that it has two amino acid changes when compared to that of Thraustochytrium aureum TAD5 first reported in 2003. Accordingly, Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC34304 TAD5 was named TAD5_1. TAD5_1-inserted methylotropic Pichia pastoris was prepared and then cultured with a precursor fatty acid, di-homo-${\gamma}$-linolenic acid. GC analysis confirmed that a certain amount of the precursor fatty acid was converted into arachidonic acid. In this study, not only a recombinant Pichia pastoris with the typical activity of ${\Delta}5$-desaturase which plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of LCPUFAs was successfully made but also the preparationpotential of a recombinant Pichia pastoris strain which may synthesize eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that are important in maintaining and improving human's brain function was proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.459-471
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to increase prediction accuracy for an anomaly interval identified using an artificial intelligence-based time series anomaly detection technique by establishing a pre-processing process. Methods: Significant variables were extracted by applying feature selection techniques, and anomalies were derived using the TadGAN time series anomaly detection algorithm. After applying machine learning and deep learning methodologies using normal section data (excluding anomaly sections), the explanatory power of the anomaly sections was demonstrated through performance comparison. Results: The results of the machine learning methodology, the performance was the best when SHAP and TadGAN were applied, and the results in the deep learning, the performance was excellent when Chi-square Test and TadGAN were applied. Comparing each performance with the papers applied with a Conventional methodology using the same data, it can be seen that the performance of the MLR was significantly improved to 15%, Random Forest to 24%, XGBoost to 30%, Lasso Regression to 73%, LSTM to 17% and GRU to 19%. Conclusion: Based on the proposed process, when detecting unsupervised learning anomalies of data that are not actually labeled in various fields such as cyber security, financial sector, behavior pattern field, SNS. It is expected to prove the accuracy and explanation of the anomaly detection section and improve the performance of the model.

• 대한치과교정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.153.2-153.2
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• 2005

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.106-115
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of force loading on root damage caused by contact with temporary anchorage devices (TADs) during orthodontic treatment and to examine the repair process 4, 8, and 12 weeks after TAD contact by micro-computed tomography (CT). Methods: We enrolled 42 volunteers who required bilateral upper first premolar extractions. The experimental study design was as follows. For both first premolars, cantilever springs were placed, and then TADs were immediately inserted between the premolars of all volunteers. According to the removal order of the appliances, the participants were divided into the TAD group (Group T: n = 21, only TAD removal) and the spring group (Group S: n = 21, only spring removal). A splitmouth design was adopted in both groups as follows. For each volunteer, the left premolars were extracted 4, 8, or 12 weeks after TAD-root contact. The right premolars were extracted immediately after contact in both groups (Groups T-C and S-C) and used as positive controls. Resorption volumes and numbers of craters were determined by micro-CT. Results: The numbers of resorption craters were higher in Group T than in Group S at 8 and 12 weeks (p < 0.01). Crater volumes were higher in Group T than in Group S at 4 and 12 weeks (p < 0.01, both). Conclusions: Root injury was not completely repaired 12 weeks after root-TAD contact, even when the TADs were removed in cases of continuous force application.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 2001

Purpoe : To find the optimal values of total arc degree to protect the normal brain tissue from high dose radiation in stereotactic radiotherapy planning. Methods and Materials : With Xknife-3 planning system & 4 MV linear accelerator, the authors planned under various values of parameters. One isocenter, 12, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mm of collimator diameters, $100^{\circ},\;200^{\circ},\;300^{\circ},\;400^{\circ}C,\;500^{\circ},\;600^{\circ}$ or total arc degrees, and $30^{\circ}\;or\;45^{\circ}$ or arc intervals were used. After the completion of planning, the plans were compared each other using $V_{50}$ (the volume of normal brain that is delivered high dose radiation) and integral biologically effective dose. Results : At $30^{\circ}$ of arc interval, the values of $V_{50}$ had the decreased pattern with the increase of total arc degree in any collimator diameter. At 45 arc interval, up to $400^{\circ}$ of total arc degree, the values of $ V_{50}$ decreased with the increase of total arc degree, but at $500^{\circ}\;and\;600^{\circ}$ of total arc degrees, the values increased. At $30^{\circ}$ of arc interval, integral biologically effective dose showed the decreased pattern with the increase of total arc degree in any collimator diameter. At $45^{\circ}$ arc interval with less than 40 mm collimator diameter, the integral biologically effective dose decreased with the increase of total arc degree, but with n and n mm or collimator diameters, up to $400^{\circ}$ or total arc degree, integral biologically effective dose decreased with the increase of total arc degree, but at $500^{\circ}\;and\;600^{\circ}$ of total arc degrees, the values increased. Conclusion : In the stereotactic radiotherapy planning for brain lesions, planning with $400^{\circ}$ of total arc degree is optimal. Especially, when the larger collimator more than 50 mm diameter should be used, the uses of $500^{\circ}\;and\;600^{\circ}$ of total arc degrees make the increase of$V_{50}$ and integral biologically effective dose. Therefore stereotactic radiotherapy planning using $400^{\circ}$ of total arc degree can increase the therapeutic ratio and produce the effective outcome in the management of personal and mechanical sources in radiotherapy department.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2009

The thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) process is recognized as an effective method for rapid waste activated sludge (WAS) degradation and the deactivation of pathogenic microorganisms. Yet, high energy costs due to heating and aeration have limited the commercialization of economical TAD processes. Previous research on autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) has already reduced the heating cost. However, only a few studies have focused on reducing the aeration cost. Therefore, this study applied a two-step aeration control strategy to a fill-and-draw mode semicontinuous TAD process. The NADH-dependent fluorescence was monitored throughout the TAD experiment, and the aeration rate shifted according to the fluorescence intensity. As a result, the simple two-step aeration control operation achieved a 20.3% reduction in the total aeration, while maintaining an effective and stable operation. It is also expected that more savings can be achieved with a further reduction of the lower aeration rate or multisegmentation of the aeration rate.