• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.41-60
• /
• 2008

This study examined state of local pharmaceuticals industry and investigated distribution system. The study found out associated problems as well as improvements of distribution system of local pharmaceuticals. Finally, to improve distribution system of local pharmaceuticals, the study investigated distribution system of 10 kinds of pharmaceuticals of 'J' Company being a leading local manufacturer of local pharmaceuticals, and found out improvements of the distribution system. The study collected and compiled 'J' Company's internal slips and reporting material from April 1, 2008 to July 31, 2008, and interviewed persons in charge continuously to find out state and problems of the distribution system.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.265-277
• /
• 1996

The aim of this study was to investigate the electromyographic(EMG) activity of masticatory and cervical muscles according to chewing pattern in coronal plane during gum chewing. 70 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 30 dental students without any signs and symptoms of the disorders participated in this study. We measured the activity of masseter (MM), anterior temporalis(TA), sternocleidomastoideus(SCM) and trapezius muscle and recorded the chewing patterns using Biopak system synchronously. Chewing pattern was classified into S- or L-pattern by the midline opening path and short or long type by the lateral distance from midline. Obtained data were analyzed with SAS/STAT Program. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Generally, there was tended to be higher activity in the control group than in the patients group. 2. When comparing EMG activity according to preferred side, the muscle activity was tended to higher on the preferred chewing side than on the contralateral side. However, this difference is insignificant statistically 3. In unilateral affected patients, there was no difference in muscle activity between affected chewing side and unaffected chewing side except for the EMG of the temporalis anterior muscle. 4. Despite the varietal in each of the following variables, there mere no differences in EMG activity during gum chewing: chewing pattern in coronal plane and lateral distance of chewing. 5. The activity of SCM in chewing side was higher than that in contralateral side (p<0.001), but there was no difference in trapezius muscle. 6. In all of the control group, there was appeared L-chewing pattern than not involved the midline during preferred side chewing.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.871-876
• /
• 2005

Theme park automation system is developed by using the RFID sensor reader, IIS web server, ASP.NET and MSSQL database in this paper. Its operation is that park entrance people checked automatically when he who possessed the ta8 passed the reader acquisition bound and its tag information is sent to the host computer through the RS-232 data acquisition system. Tag information and time data will be stored in the RFID database tables and reused to extract and distribute the entrance people for the purpose of each arrangement of each entertainment devices. First of all, we developed interface program between host and reader and then, programmed the related web site and database connection function using ASP.NET with $C\#$ and MSSQ. We also design and make an production of external Ant. to extend the acquisition range up to $30\~40$ cm using copper PCB plate. We confirmed the performance through the RFID test bed site.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2003.07a
• /
• pp.339-342
• /
• 2003

The corrosion characteristics of Copper by oxidizers in Cu CMP slurry has been investigated. Key experimental variables that has been investigate are the corrosion rate by different oxidizers containing slurry of Cu CMP. Oxidizers in Cu CMP slurry reacts with Cu surfaces to raise the oxidation state of the metal via a reduction-oxidation reaction, resulting in either dissolution of the Cu or the formation of Ta surface film on the metal.[1] When Cu films were corroded adding each oxidizer, corrosion rate increased as much as higher Icorrosion. The corrosion rate of Cu was the largest as added $(NH_4)_2S_2O_8$. The higher content of Urea Hydrogen peroxide was, the higher corrosion rate was measured. Putting in tartaric acid as complexing agent, the corrosion rates of the compounds(Urea hydrogen peroxide+$H_2O_2$) are uniformly. As a result of Cu corrosion by $Cu(NO_3)_2$, the high corrosion rate was determined by even small amounts of $Cu(NO_3)_2$. Consequently, this can be explained by assuming that corrosion by oxidizers has primary effects on the removal rate of Cu and the proper oxidizer needs to be chosen in accordance with relationship of each slurry agent.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.240-245
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the blocked practice and random practice of task-oriented training in patients with chronic stroke to determine the effect of lower extremity muscle activity and balance ability. Methods: The thirty participants were randomly assigned to either the block practice group (BP) group or the random practice group (RP) and received the training three times per week, 30 minutes per day, for six weeks. Surface electromyography was used for measurement of lower extremity muscle activity. Static balance was to measured the stability index (SI) and weight distribution index (WDI) using the Tetrax. The four square step test (FSST) was used to measure dynamic balance. The paired t-test was used for determination of differences before and after intervention, and the independent t-test was used for determination of differences between groups. Results: Lower extremity muscle activity, RA and GCM was improved in the RP group after intervention and between groups. TA was significantly improved in the RP group compared with the BP group. In comparison of before and after interventions, SI was reduced in BP and RP. WDI in OS was reduced in comparison of BP and RP before and after intervention. CS was reduced in BP and RP. The OS and CS was improved in RP compared with BP. In comparison of before and after intervention, FSST was improved in BP and RP. Conclusion: Task-oriented training methods using random practice was found to be effective in promoting lower extremity muscle activity and balance ability in chronic stroke patients.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1989

The number and distribution of the retinal ganglion cells in the 2 years old Korean native cattle was determined from whole fiat mounted preparation stained with methylene blue and thionin. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The total number of retinal ganglion cells was estimated to be 3,085,200 in the bovine retina ranging from $2,214mm^2$ in total area. 2. Visual streak was recognized at the area 2.5mm superior to the optic disc and ganglion cell density drops off rapidly to the directions superior to and inferior to the visual streak. 3. Area centralis ($6,800cells/mm^2$) was located at the area 10mm temporally from the point of 3mm superior to the optic disc. 4. The number of ${\alpha}-type$ ganglion cells (above $15{\mu}$) was 57,000 in the bovine retina and ${\alpha}-type$ ganglion cells constituted 18.5% of the total cells. 5. The relative frequency of ${\alpha}-type$ ganglion cells was higher in the peripheral regions than in the visual streak, especially higher in the superior-temporal quadrant than in other region of the bovine retina.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.102-112
• /
• 1996

The precious serpentine, referring to a rare and highly valuable gem variety of serpentine group minerals, is found to occur in serpentinite from Booyo Gren Jade Mine which is located in Oesan-myun, Booyo-gun of Chungchungnam-do. Geommological properties of the precious serpentine have been investigated by use of polarizing microscope, specific gravity balance, refractometer, hardness pencils, X-ray diffractometer, XRF, ICP-MS analyser, and infrared absorption spectroscope.The precious serpentine from Booyo is colored deep green with oily luster and semi-transparent. It is highly tough and Mohs's scale of hardness is measured to be 5-6. Specific gravity is determined to be 2.67, and a single refractive index ND=1.56 is observed by a spot method, using sodium light source. X-ray powder diffraction data is represented by the reflection lines at 7.40(100), 4.64(25), 3.68(68), 2.757(69), 2.530(49), 2.549(32), and 1.710(21${\AA}$), which compares very well with that of antigorite of serpentine group minerals. The major chemical compositions of the precious serpentine group minerals. The major chemical compositions of the precious serpentine are SiO2 42.49%, MgO 39.08%, Fe2O3 3.85%, and H2O 11.87%. Besides, trace elements such as Cr(2188), Ni(1110ppm), Co(58ppm), and Ta (108ppm) are relatively spectrum shows peaks at 3670, 1190, 1070, 980 and 610cm-1. Strong absorption at 3670cm-1 is due to OH stretching, and 1190, 1070 and 980cm-1 due to SiO stretching. The absorption 610cm-1 is formed by alteration of pre-existing ultramafic rock, namely peridotite, with an introduction of fluid with very little content of CO2, under 400$^{\circ}C$ environment. Magnetite inclusions, finely disseminated in the precious serpentine, may be a result of Fe precipitation, during serpentinization of olivine-bearing country rock.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2014

Interface behavior and confining effects of concrete-infilled steel tube (CFT) composite beam were investigate based on the experimental observations and numerical analyses. For this purpose, laboratory four-points bending tests were performed for the two test specimens of 1,000mm long CFT composite beams. The test beams were made of ${\phi}110mm$ and 4.5mm thick steel tube and 10mm thick steel web and bottom flange. Therefore, concrete infilled in steel tube was in compression through the entire cross section due to the web and bottom flange. Two end section conditions, with end section cap and without end section cap, were considered in experiments to monitor the relative slip displacement at ends and induce confining effects at center. In numerical aspects, finite element analysis considering steel-concrete interface behavior was performed and compared to the experimental results.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.413-421
• /
• 2009

Eleven lake sediment core samples were obtained and analyzed to develop a chronology using $^{137}Cs$ (in 1963) and two tephra layers (Ko-c2 in 1694 and Ta-a in 1739). Sedimentation rates estimated for the past ca 300 years in Lake Shirarutoro indicated that catchment development has influenced the shallowing process in the lake by increasing sediment production. The sediment yield under initial land-use development conditions for the first two periods was estimated as 514 tons $yr^{-1}$ from 1694 to 1739 and 542 tons $yr^{-1}$ from 1739~1963. The development of the Shirarutoro catchment intensified in the 1960s with deforestation and agriculture activity leading to an increased sediment yield of 1261 tons $yr^{-1}$ after 1963. The sediment yields after intensified land use development, such as forestry and agricultural development, were about 2 times higher than that under initial development conditions, leading to accelerated lake shallowing over the last ca 50 years. Sedimentation rates differed with location in the lake because of spatial variation in the sediment flux from the contributing rivers and their catchments. The sedimentation rates before 1963 were low in all sites except for one site close to the Shirarutoroetoro River. The sedimentation rate in 1739~1963 was accumulated mostly at the inflow of the Shirarutoroetoro River by sediment production associated with forestry for charcoal production and initial agricultural development. The sedimentation rate after 1963 increased. In particular, the southern zone of the lake near the conjunction with the Kushiro River had a high sedimentation rate, which is attributable to sediment inflow back from the Kushiro River during floods.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.266-276
• /
• 2012

Salt, one of the main ingredients to make bread, functions differently according to environmental changes such as usage levels and methods. We examined the effects of yeast soaking time in about 8% salt solution on gas production and fermentation rate of dough and characteristics of white bread. Gas retention, related to gas production and fermentation rate, was the best at the 45 min soaking time. And pH of dough was appropriate to the fermentation in the range of 15 to 45 min of soaking time. Volume and specific volume of bread were best in 45 min soaking time(p<0.001), but the hardness of crumb texture analyzed with TA was the hardest among the samples(p<0.001). Brightness of color(L value) was significantly affected by soaking time(p<0.001), but b value was not considered. According to the preference test, the white pan bread made with 45 min soaking time in salt solution was preferred the most.