• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 1991

The effect of annealing on the magnetic properties and the microstructures of the amorphous $Fe_{76-x}Cu_1Mo_xSi_{14}B_9$(x=2,3) alloys were investigated. When annealed at 500${^{\circ}C}$ for 1hr, $8{\sim}9{\times}10^3$ of the effective permeability and 3~4 A/m of the coercive force were achieved upon crystallization to $\alpha$-Fe phase. And the average diameter of the $\alpha$-Fe grains was about 20nm. For the nanovrystalline ferromagnets. the fine grain size is the important requirement to obtain a good soft magnetic property. In this work, in order to get the finer grain size of $\alpha$-Fe phase, two-step annealing treatment was given. That is, following the low-temperature at $400{^{\circ}C}$ for 1~3hr, the high-temperature annealing at $500{^{\circ}C}$ for 1hr was carried out. As the low-temperature annealing time increased, the effective permeability increased to $1.2{\sim}1.7{\times}10^4$ and the coercive force decreased to about 2 A/m. And the grain size was observed to be smaller than 10nm. The increased permeability and the decreased coercive force were attributed to the reduced average crystalline anisotropy by the refinement of $\alpha$-Fe(Si) grains.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.533-536
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• 1998

In order to develop a pretreatment solution for cut rose, the effects of surfactants [Tween 20, Triton X-100, polyoxyethylene 4 lauryl ether (PLE)], germicides (aluminum sulfate, $AgNO_3$, dichloroisocyanuric acid, STS, benzalkonium chloride, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate), sucrose, and hormones (ABA and kinetin) on the longevity and quality of 'Red Sandra' were investigated in environment-controlled room. Although 20 and 50 ppm Tween 20, and 500 ppm PLE appeared, in appearance, to be effective in retarding blueing and wilting, respectively, they didn't show statistical differences as compared to distilled water control. Among germicides, $AgNO_3$ was the most effective in delaying petal blueing, petal withering, and reduction of fresh weight, regardless of its concentration, while, in the case of STS, only 1mM treatment was effective in delaying of petal withering. Only 5% sucrose treatment delayed petal blueing, petal withering, and bent neck, but showed no significant difference as compared to 500 ppm aluminum sulfate. Finally, single or combination treatments of ABA and cytokinin were found to rather stimulate the senescence of cut rose.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.608-614
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• 1985

Electrical conductivities of $ZrO_2-Sm_2O_3$ systems containing 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mol% of $ZrO_2$ have been measured as a function of temperature and of oxygen partial pressure at temperature from 500 to 1000${\circ}C$ and oxygen partial pressures from 1 ${\times}10^{-5}to 1{\times}10^{-1}$ atm. Plots of log conductivity vs. 1/T are found to be linear with an inflection point at around 650$^{\circ}C$ and the temperature dependence of conductivity shows two different defect structures. The conductivities are increased with increasing pressure, slowing a p-type character. The electrical conductivity dependences on $Po_2$ are found to be ${\sigma}{\propto}Po_2^{1/5.3}$ at 650∼1000$^{\circ}C$ and ${\sigma}{\propto}Po_2^{1/6}$ at 500∼650$^{\circ}C$, respectively, The defect structures are Oi" at 650-1000$^{\circ}C$ and $Vs_m$"' at 500-650$^{\circ}C$. The electron hole is main carrier type, however ionic contribution is found at low temperature portion. Ionic contributions increased with the increasing amount of $ZrO_2$ dopant. In 60mol% $ZrO_2-Sm_2O_3$ system, the conductivity is increased with decreasing oxygen pressure.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.77-82
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate of the anti-inflammatory effects of Schisandra chinensis seed oil(SSO) on the production of pro-inflammatory substances in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.Methods : SSO was measured the production of pro-inflammatory factor (NO, PGE2, IL-1β iNOS and, COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. we used the following methods : cell viability assay, Griess reagent assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting analysis.Results : The cell viability of SSO(0∼500 μl/mL) processing group was 96.9% and the processing of SSO didn't have an effect on the cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effect of the nitric oxide (no) production of SSO(500 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL) was each 70.3%, 37.6% and 26.5%. IL-1β production inhibition ability of SSO(500 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL) was each 49.88% and 48.8%. PGE2 production inhibition ability of SSO(500 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL) was each 49.88% and 73.1%, 70.5%. By using SSO, it experimented about iNOS protein expression inhibition ability, that is the NO production enzyme. iNOS protein expression increased in the group processing LPS independently. iNOS protein expression decreased in the group processing SSO together. The expression of the COX-2 protein decreased 89.6%, 81.8% in the group processing SSO. The significance was in the relationship with NO formation inhibition with the relationship with the PGE₂ formation inhibition and iNOS protein, it confirmed in SSO with the COX-2 protein.Conclusions : Stimulation of the RAW 264.7 cells with LPS caused an elevated production of nitric oxide (NO), IL-1β and PGE₂ which was markedly inhibited by the pretreatment with SSO without causing any cytotoxic effects. The reduced expressions of iNOS protein were consistent with the reductions in NO production in the culture media. SSO may be useful for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 1999

To investigate phytotoxic substances in Equisetum arvense, the aqueous extracts(25 and 8$0^{\circ}C$) or the freeze-drying matter from aqueous extracts($25^{\circ}C$) of E. arvense were tested at different concentrations for biological activities on callus induction and growth, seed germination, seedling growth and antibacterial function. Callus induction and growth of Oryza sativa and Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis were inhibited by the aqueous extracts at 8$0^{\circ}C$ than at $25^{\circ}C$ and the higher concentrations. Callus growth of four receptor species was inhibited in order of Platycodon grandiflorum, Sesamum indicum, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis and Oryza sativa. Seed germination of Ο. sativa, S. indicum, and B. campestris ssp. pekinensis was not affected at low concentration, but it was proportionally inhibited by the higher concentrations. The greatest inhibition of seed germination was 28.3% compared to control, when 2,000$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of freeze-drying matter was applied to B. campestris ssp. pekinensis. Shoot growth was stimulated by 500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of freeze-drying matter, but it was inhibited by the higher concentrations. Root growth was significantly inhibited compare to control at all concentrations. Antibacterial activity of freeze-drying matter didn't showed against Xantomonas oryzae and Eschrichia coli, but a small clear zone was formed by 500$\mu\textrm{g}$ of freeze-drying matter against Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2019

Recently as development of internet, Service based on World Wide Web is rapidly growing. According to this, Importance for suitability of web service is emphasized by increased user with development of technique of web service. Geospatial information field included with River Geospatial information(HydroG-OneFlow) has been doing that many study about web service which center of IT, However study about test of web service is lacking of situation. Accordingly, verification should be carried out to determine the performance of Web services with the Web services implementation HydroG-OneFlow. Performance & stability test are verified that HydroG-OneFlow for Apache Jmeter of open source and conformability & interoperability test are verified for StyleCop. Result of performance is that if users are increase the number of 500, average responses time is about two seconds. and Result of reliability is that if users are increase the number of 500, decrease about 0.2%. it is verified that conformability and interoperability test to swelled about reliability of HydroG-OneFlow. Through that It will be compensate for the implementation of seb service and vulnerability of HydroG-OneFlow.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.212-223
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• 2019

This study is to investigate the relationship between microstructural factors and tensile properties after aging heat treatment of the 15-5PH stainless steel at the temperature range of $450^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$ and $550^{\circ}C$ for various time. For the aging time of 2 hours, hardness showed maximum at $450^{\circ}C$ and then decreased with increasing aging temperature. While, hardness decreased gradually during aging $450^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$ and $550^{\circ}C$ from 1 hour to 5 hours but the hardness nearly unchanged until the 100 hours after 5 hours aging. When aging at $450^{\circ}C$, Cu atoms preferentially aggregated at the prior austenite grain boundaries and martensite lath boundaries, and Cu concentration at those boundaries was nearly unchanged even after aging for 100 hours. Therefore it was suggested that the coherency is still maintained after 100 hours aging at $450^{\circ}C$. Aging at $500^{\circ}C$ and $550^{\circ}C$ results in an increase in the concentration of Ni at the martensite lath boundaries and prior austenite grain boundaries, resulting in the formation of reversed austenite. Especially, when aged at $550^{\circ}C$ for 100 hours, the concentration of Ni remarkably increased at those boundaries, and thus the microstructure of herring bone shape was appeared. Considering the migration of Ni atom to the lath boundaries and prior austenite grain boundaries, Ni atoms contributed greatly to the formation of reversed austenite. On the other hand, it was found that Cu atoms hardly moving to those boundaries may not be contributed to the formation of reversed austenite. When aging at $450^{\circ}C$, the coarsening of the precipitated Cu atoms proceeded very slowly with increasing aging time, therefore the decrease in strengths were small but the reduction area was considerably increased due to the softening of the matrix. At the aging temperature of $500^{\circ}C$ and $550^{\circ}C$, the strengths decreased and the elongation and reduction area increased due to the appearance of the reversed austenite. Especially, the increase of reduction area was remarkable.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.8
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• pp.934-944
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• 1994

Effects of residual chloride on thermal decomposition behaviour of a-stannic acid and physical properties of $SnO_{2}$ powder were observed. The powder was fabricated by hydroxide method; $\alpha$-stannic acid was precipitated by mixing acqueous solutions of $SnCl_{4}$ and $NH_{4}$OH . The precipitate was washed with $NH_{4}NO_{3}$ solution while washing was controlled to be of three grades to modify its residual chloride content. The precipitate was dried at $1100^{\circ}C$ ~ 24h and calcined in air at $500^{\circ}C$ ~ $1100^{\circ}C$ for one hour. Thermal decomposition behaviour of $\alpha$-stannic acid was examined by a DT-TGA and a FTIR. Chemical composition and physical properties of $SnO_{2}$ powder were observed by an AES, a BET and a TEM, respectively. With a reduction in chloride content, the relative crystallite size of $SnO_{2}$ powder slightly increased by a low-temperature-calcining. However, at a high calcining temperature(T), the reverse relation occured. It was suggested that chloride ion replaces part of lattice oxygen site of a-stannic acid. Also, chloride ion on the site was suggested to retard de-hydration as well as crystalization at a low T while to promote crystal growth of $SnO_{2}$ by forming oxygen vacancy at a high T.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.59-70
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• 1981

The objective of this study is to induce the primary characteristics of phenylketonuria in infant rats during the first 2 weeks after birth. The critical biochemical parameter in the development of phenylketonuria is the elevation of plasma phenylalanine while tyrosine is maintained at a relatively low level. A PKU-like condition was induced in infant rats during the first 2 weeks after birth using a modification of our previously published procedure for the development of a temporary (1 to 3 days) PKU-like condition. Phenylalanine was administered by stomach intubation every 6 hours (starting at 6:00 a.m.) at a dose level of 400mg per kg body weight (after birth-day 2 thru 5) and 500mg per kg body weight (day 6 thru 14). Amethopterin was given at 0.00625 or 0.0125mg per kg body weight (day 3 thru 14) and p-chlorophenylalanine at 50 mg per kg body weight (day 5 thru 14) at 9:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m. At the times measured (6,10 and 14 days) plasma phenylalanine/tyrosine (P/T) ratios were elevated from a normal value of the or less to values ranging from 6 to 15. During the second week after birth a staggering gait, abnormal stance and decreased social behavior were also observed. None of these PKU-like characteristics were apparent in the three control groups receiving (a) no phenylalanine or inhibitors, (b) phenylalanine alone, or (c) inhibitors alone. The establishment of these primary biochemical characteristics of phenylketonuria by stomach intubation of phenylalanine and a combination of low dose levels of enzyme inhibitors to infant rats provides an experimental system which should he valuable for extensive biochemical, histological and behavioral studies in phenylketonuria.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.146-151
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• 2006

현재 국가지리정보유통망을 통해 유통되고 있는 수치지도(Digital map)는 대부분 항공 측량사진(Air survey Photographs)이나 위성영상(Satellite images)을 통해 취득된 토지 피복의 형상을 기반으로 제작된 지도들이다. 정사사진으로부터 취득된 지형정보를 기호화, 단순화한 수치지도는 실제 사물의 형태와 많은 차이가 있어 지형과 시설물의 변이를 사실대로 반영하지 못한다. 특히 최근 들어 지하시설물이나 건축기술의 발달로 층별 구조가 다양해진 건축물의 형태 등은 정사사진으로는 식별이 불가능하고 건물의 경우 지붕의 형태로 묘사되는 등 표현에 한계가 있다. 도심지역을 대상으로 제작된 1/1,000수치지형도나 일부 지자체나 공공기관 등에서 제작된 $1/500{\sim}1/2,500$ 수치지형도는 상세한 지형정보를 포함하고 있는 높은 정밀도의 수치지도이지만, 도시지역의 변이가 빠르게 일어나고 있기 때문에 자료 신뢰성과 최신성을 유지하는데 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 현지조사나 측량에 의존하고 있는 정사사진으로부터 취득이 불가능한 지형자료의 취득이나 수년단위인 갱신주기의 한계를 극복하고 실시간으로 수치지도를 수정갱신 할 수 있는 대안으로 일반측량성과도의 활용방안을 제시하고자 한다. 일반측량업에서 생산되는 일반측량성과도는 임시 도근점에 의해 측량을 실시하고 지적경계점과 현황기지점을 도해법에 의해 지적도와 중첩시켜 제작한 측량도로서, 일반측량 성과도에 절대좌표체계를 부여하고 수치지도와 매칭 기법을 제시함으로서 경제적이고 신속한 실시간 수치지도 수정갱신체계를 확립할 수 있고, 자료의 공유함으로써 중복측량을 방지할 수 있다.보 등)를 활용, 구축된다. 교통분석용 네트워크는 구축시점에 따라 현재 및 장래 네트워크로 구분되며 장래 네트워크는 기준년도부터 2031년까지 5년 단위로 계획된 장래도로를 반영하여 구축된다. 교통주제도 및 교통분석용 네트워크는 국가교통DB구축사업을 통해 구축된 자료로서 교통체계효율화법 제9조의4에 따라 공공기관이 교통정책 및 계획수립 등에 활용할 수 있도록 제공하고 있다. 건설교통부의 승인절차를 거쳐 제공하며 활용 후에는 갱신자료 및 활용결과를 통보하는 과정을 거치도록 되어있다. 교통주제도는 국가의 교통정책결정과 관련분야의 기초자료로서 다양하게 활용되고 있으며, 특히 ITS 노드/링크 기본지도로 활용되는 등 교통 분야의 중요한 지리정보로서 구축되고 있다..20{\pm}0.37L$, 72시간에 $1.33{\pm}0.33L$로 유의한 차이를 보였으므로(F=6.153, P=0.004), 술 후 폐환기능 회복에 효과가 있다. 4) 실험군과 대조군의 수술 후 노력성 폐활량은 수술 후 72시간에서 실험군이 $1.90{\pm}0.61L$, 대조군이 $1.51{\pm}0.38L$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.620, P=0.013). 5) 실험군과 대조군의 수술 후 일초 노력성 호기량은 수술 후 24시간에서 $1.33{\pm}0.56L,\;1.00{\ge}0.28L$로 유의한 차이를 보였고(t=2.530, P=0.017), 술 후 72시간에서 $1.72{\pm}0.65L,\;1.33{\pm}0.3L$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.540, P=0.016). 6) 대상자의