• 대한스포츠의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to study changes in pituitary hormone in anterior lobe and thyroid hormone before, after, and during recovery time in severe 100 km ultramarathon. Methods: Healthy middle-aged runners (age, $52.0{\pm}4.8$ years) participated in the test. Grade exercise test is done, and then blood is taken from those participants before and after completing 100 km ultramarathon at the intervals of 24 hours (1 day), 72 hours (3 days), and 120 hours (5 days) to analyze their luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and free thyroxine (Free T4). Results: For LH, it decreased more significantly at 100 km than pre-race. However, after 1 day result increased more than that of 100 km. At 3 days, it was significantly higher than pre-race and 100 km, recovering at 5 days. In terms of FSH, it decreased at 100 km, 1 day, and 3 days more than pre-race but recovered at 5 days. TSH was higher at 1 day and 5 days compared to pre-race. T3 was only higher at 100 km than pre-race. T4 was higher till 5 days at 100 km than pre-race. Free T4 increased more significantly at 100 km than pre-race. Conclusion: In terms of severe long distance running, LH and FSH which belong to hormone from anterior lobe as well as T3, T4, and Free T4 which belong to thyroid hormone showed their variation within the standard range. However, TSH showed abnormal increase from enhanced concentration of blood after marathon becoming hyper-activation even during the recovery period.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.193-212
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• 1992

Comparative hormones quantities on the blood analysis was carried out to investigate the hormones specific characters on the blood in four types of physical constitution. Thyroid-stimulating (TSH), triiodothyronine($T_3$), triiodothyronine uptake($T_3$ uptake), free triiodothyronine(free $T_3$), thyroxine($T_4$), free thyroxine (free $T_4$), thyroxine-binding globulin(TBG), adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), luteinizing hormone(LH), testosterone were measured. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The value of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, while the value of So-EUM-IN was increased and SO-YANG-IN was decreased. 2. The value of triiodothyronine($T_3$) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, while the value of TAE-EUM-IN was decreased. 3. The value of triiodothyronine uptake($T_3$ uptake) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-EUM-IN, TAE-EUM-In and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 4. The value of free triiodothyronine(free $T_3$) on the constitution didn't shown signifcant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-EUM-In, TAE-EUM-In and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 5. The value of thyroxine($T_4$) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, while the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-YANG-IN showed difference. 6. The value of free thyroxine(free $T_4$) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 7. The value of thyroxine-binding globulin(TBG) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference. 8. The value of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference. 9. The value of luteinizing hormone(LH) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-EUM-IN, TAE-EUM-IN and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 10. The value of testosterone on the constitution didn't shown significant difference.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2019

Purpose: We compared thyroid hormone profiles in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) during the nephrotic phase and after remission. Methods: This study included 31 pediatric NS patients. The thyroid hormone profiles included serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and free T4. Results: Of the 31 patients, 16 (51.6%) showed abnormal thyroid hormone profiles: 6 had overt hypothyroidism, 8 had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 2 had low T3 syndrome. The mean serum T3, T4, and free T4 levels in the nephrotic phase and after remission were $82.37{\pm}23.64$ and $117.88{\pm}29.49ng/dL$, $5.47{\pm}1.14$ and $7.91{\pm}1.56{\mu}g/dL$, and $1.02{\pm}0.26$ and $1.38{\pm}0.23ng/dL$, respectively; the levels were significantly lower in the NS nephrotic phase (P=0.0007, P<0.0001, and P=0.0002). The mean serum TSH levels during the nephrotic phase and after remission were $8.05{\pm}3.53$ and $4.08{\pm}2.05{\mu}IU/mL$, respectively; they were significantly higher in the nephrotic phase (P=0.0005). The urinary protein/creatinine ratio during the nephrotic phase was significantly correlated with serum T3, T4, and free T4 levels (r=-0.5995, P=0.0032; r=-0.5797, P=0.0047; r=-0.5513, P=0.0078) as well as with TSH levels (r=0.5022, P=0.0172). A significant correlation was found between serum albumin and serum T3 levels during the nephrotic phase (r=0.5385, P=0.0018) but not between serum albumin and T4, TSH, or free T4 levels. These significant correlations all disappeared after remission. Conclusion: Abnormal thyroid hormone profile findings were observed in 51.6% of pediatric patients with NS. Thyroid hormone levels normalized after remission, regardless of levothyroxine therapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.576-579
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• 2007

갑상선 호르몬 저항성 증후군은 갑상선 호르몬에 대한 조직의 반응이 감소되어 나타나는 드문 유전 질환이다. 대부분은 갑상선 호르몬 수용체 (TR) 유전자의 돌연변이로 인한 갑상선 호르몬 수용체의 결함에 의한다. TR 유전자의 변이는 일반적으로 이형접합성이며 상염색체 우성 유전 양상을 보인다. 혈청 갑상선 호르몬 수치가 증가되어 있음에도 불구하고 혈청 갑상선 자극호르몬 수치가 억제되지 않으며, 임상 양상은 다양하다. 본 증례는 경미한 갑상선종, 총 및 유리 $T_4$, $T_3$의 증가, 정상 범위의 TSH 소견을 보이는 4세 여아로서 TR 유전자 분석에서 과오돌연변이(H435Y)를 확인하였다. 부모에서는 돌연변이가 관찰되지 않았으며, 갑상선 기능도 정상이었다. 특별한 투약 없이 추적 관찰 중에 갑상선종의 증가나 다른 증상의 악화는 없는 상태이다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 1995

넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus 자어의 높은 사망율을 감소시키기 위한 연구의 일환으로 thyroid hormone을 이용하여 착저를 유도하였다. 적정 처리 시기를 알기 위하여 발달 단계가 서로 다른 변태 전 단계(pre-metamorphic stage)와 초기 변태 단계(early metamorphic stage)의 자어를 이용하였고, triiodothyronine $(T_3)$ 및 thyroxine $(T_4)$두 종류의 thyroid hormone을 0.02,0.04,0.08 및 0.16ppm의 다양한 농도로 침지 처리하였다. 변태 전 단계의 자어에 있어 착저가 완료되는 시기는 0.02 ppm $T_3$및 $T_4$ 처리군이 대조군보다 2일 단축되었고, 농도의 증가에 따라 그 시기가 짧아져서 가장 높은 농도인 0.16 ppm $T_3$ 처리군은 7일이 단축되었다. 변태 초기 단계에서는 각각 4일 및 7일 단축되었다. 한편 호르몬 종류에 따른 착저 유도 효과는 $T_4$보다 $T_3$가 더 강한 것으로 나타났다. 생존율은 변태 전 단계 실험군 중 대조군이 $90.7\%,\;T_3$ 처리군이 $85.6\~73.6\%,\;T_4$ 처리군이 $89.7\~80.7\%$로 호르몬 처리군이 다소 낮았으나 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또 초기 변태 단계 실험군에 있어서는 대조군이 $96.0\%,\;T_3$ 및 $T_4$ 처리군이 $92.7\~99.3\%$로 큰 차이가 없었다. 성장에 있어서 호르몬 처리군이 대조군보다 약간 낮았으나 0.02 ppm $T_4$ 처리군은 대조군과 비슷하였다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.489-493
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• 1998

Various heterodimers of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) with other nuclear hormone receptors confer a wide range of transcriptional activities on thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) in the presence of the thyroid hormone ($T_3$). The present study analyzed the potential roles of retinoid X receptor (RXR) isoforms $\alpha$ and $\beta$ in $T_3$-mediated transcription on a well characterized TRE, a direct repeat of AGGTCA separated by four nucleo-tides (DR4), using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transient transfection in CV-1 cells. We demonstrated that RXR$\alpha$ supressed liganded $TR_{\alpha}$-induced transcription while $RXR_{\beta}$ did not although both $TR_{\alpha}/RXR_{\alpha}$ and $TR_{\alpha}/RXR_{\beta}$ heterodimers were the predominant forms bound to the TRE-DR4 in the presence of $T_3$. We further demonstrated using Scatchard analysis that the two heterodimers had similar affinities for the TRE-DR4. All these observations suggest that the TRE-DR4 accomodates different types of TR/RXR heterodimers for a more finely tuned transcriptional response to $T_3$.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.237-245
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary thyroid hormone (T$_3$and T$_4$) on growth, feed conversion ratio and serum T$_3$or T$_4$concentration of broiler chicks. Zero to six week-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into seven treatment groups for feeding trials with three replication : control, T$_3$(0.1), T$_3$(1.0), T$_3$(5.0), T$_4$(0.1), T$_4$(1.0), T$_4$(5.0) ppm group. Concentrations of T$_3$and T$_4$in serum were analyzed. The weight gain of T$_3$(1.0), T$_3$(5.0) and T$_4$(5.0) groups were significantly lower than that of control. No statistically significant adverse effect was observed in other groups (p〉0.05). Feed intake was significantly lower in T$_3$(0.1, 1.0 and 5.0) and T$_4$(5.0) than in control group (p〈0.05), and the feed conversion ratio had a similar trend to the feed intake change. The contents of liquid and abdominal fat pad in carcass were significantly decreased in all T$_3$and T$_4$groups (p〈0.05). T$_3$and T$_4$concentration in serum was significantly increased at over 1.0ppm of the hormone supplementation level. As T$_3$addition level increased, T$_4$concentration in serum reduced ; however, T$_3$in serum was directly proportional during fasted were slightly increased when T$_3$or T$_4$was added to broiler diets.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.571-575
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• 1994

The hemodynamic effects of thyroid hormone are well established, and this hormone affects myocardial contractility, heart rate, and myocardial oxygen consumption. But the role of cardiopulmonary bypass on the thyroid function is not yet fully understood. We have studied twelve patients [male and female patients were equal in number] who were performed open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. The results are followed. 1] The serum level of T3 began to fall after cardiopulmonary bypass and sustained significantly till 24 hours after operation[p<0.05] 2] The concentrations of T4, Free T4, and TSH were slightly decreased after cardiopulmonary bypass but was maintained within normal range. 3] This above findings are similar to the "sick sinus syndrome" that is seen in severely ill patient. 4] We can propose that T3 would be effective in postoperative low cardiac output syndrome. syndrome.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.655-658
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• 2004

Heat stress is known to affect physiological systems in goats. This study investigated changes in nutrient digestibility, behavior and growth hormone secretion among goats in a hot environment (H; 35${\pm}$ 1.2$^{\circ}C$, [RH] 80${\pm}$7.2%, 13 d), and in a thermoneutral environment (T; 20${\pm}$0.6$^{\circ}C$, [RH] 80${\pm}$3.4%, 20 d), and accompanied by the same restricted diet as provided in the hot environment. The following results were obtained: rectal temperature and water intake were higher in the H treatment than in the T treatment or TR treatment, while hay consumption was lower. CP, NDF and ADF digestibility was highest in H treatment. Time spent eating in the H treatment was also the highest, followed in order by T treatment and TR treatment. Ruminating time was lower in H treatment than in T treatment or TR treatment, and reposing time was highest in the TR treatment. Growth hormone concentrations in T increased 4.5 h after feeding. In H, growth hormone concentrations increased 0.5 h after feeding. However, growth hormone concentrations were not changed following TR feeding. In conclusion, heat exposure in goats decreased feed intake, but increased digestibility. However, when goats in a thermoneutral environment received the same restricted feeding as they received in the hot environment, digestibility increased. Between the H treatment and TR treatment, the changes in digestibility were accomplished by coordinate changes in hormone secretion in order to maintain body homeostasis. To maintain energy balance under a hot temperature or a restricted feeding condition, goats may control their metabolism by changing growth hormone release.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.693-702
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• 2023

이 연구는 우리 몸에서 포도당 및 에너지 대사에 관련된 호르몬으로 알려진 티록신 및 당질코르티코이드를 지방분화배양액에 단용 혹은 혼용 첨가하여 A549 폐암세포주가 지방세포로의 분화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 각 지방분화배양액에서 A549세포를 2주 동안 배양한 후, A549세포의 세포 성장률과 말단효소 복원효소를 비교하였을 때, 기본 지방분화배양액이나 PGZ기반 지방분화배양액에서 티록신 및 당질코르티코이드가 단용으로 첨가된 경우보다, 두 호르몬이 혼용으로 첨가되었을 때, 세포의 성장의 유의적으로 억제되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 세포내 축적된 지방 분자를 염색할 수 있는 Oil Red O 염색과 분화된 지방세포에서 분비되는 여러 아디포카인의 발현을 조사하여 각 지방분화배양액에서 A549 세포의 지방분화능력을 비교하였다. 지방세포로의 분화 능력 역시 티록신 및 당질코르티코이드가 단용으로 첨가된 경우 보다, 두 호르몬이 혼용으로 첨가되었을 때, Oil Red O 염색액으로 염색된 세포내 지방 과립의 수와 크기가 유의적으로 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었고, 아디포카인의 발현 유의적으로 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 A549 세포에서 지방세포의 분화를 유도할 때, 포도당 대사 관련 두 호르몬의 혼용 처리가 더욱 더 세포 분화를 촉진한다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 여러 다른 암세포주를 두 호르몬을 혼용하여 첨가한 지방분화배양액에서 처리하여 지방 분화 유도에 의한 세포 성장 억제 효과가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 그러나, 체내의 다른 세포, 특히 미분화 줄기세포에 미치는 영향에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.