• 제목/요약/키워드: T3P

검색결과 15,615건 처리시간 0.052초

Influence of various concentrations of aflatoxin B1 on in vitro rumen fermentation of a buffalo diet

  • Singh, Ram;Park, Sungkwon;Koo, Jin Su;Balasubramanian, Balamuralikrishnan
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.131-138
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    • 2020
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on in vitro rumen fermentation at various dose levels of 0 (T1), 100 (T2), 200 (T3), and 300 (T4) ppb in a wheat straw-based buffalo diet. The results show that the truly degradable dry matter, truly degradable organic matter, gas production, microbial biomass production and partitioning factor values in the control group (T1) were higher (p < 0.05) than those of the T2, T3, and T4 groups. The total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, and butyrate values in the control group (T1) were higher (p < 0.05) than those of the T2, T3, and T4 groups. The partitioning factor value in the control group (T1) was higher (p < 0.05) than those of the T2, T3, and T4 groups. The partitioning factor values of the T2 and T3 groups were higher (p < 0.05) than that of the T4 group. There was no significant variation in the partitioning factor value between the T2 and T3 group. The acetate : propionate (A : P) ratio in the control group (T1) was lower (p < 0.05) than those of the T2, T3, and T4 groups. The A : P ratio in the T2 group was lower (p < 0.05) than those of the T3 and T4 groups. It was concluded that different levels of AFB1 contamination in feed significantly affect the in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. Thus, these findings could help to determine the influences of AFB1 in a wheat straw-based buffalo diet. Additionally, it is necessary to manage AFB1 contamination in ruminants.

사료 내 엄나무 첨가 급여가 육계의 생산성 및 계육의 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Castor Aralia (Kalopanax pictus Nakai) on Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Chicken Meat)

  • 이상무;황주환;김영직
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.305-312
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    • 2010
  • 본 시험은 육계에 엄나무 가지와 잎을 급여하여 5주간 사육한 육계의 생산성과 계육의 일반성분, pH, 총페놀함량, 전자공여능, 콜레스테롤 함량 및 지방산 조성을 조사하였다. 실험구는 엄나무를 첨가 급여하지 않은 처리구를 대조구, 엄나무 가지 5% 급여구는 T1, 엄나무 잎 2% 급여구는 T2 그리고 엄나무 가지와 잎을 중탕하여 그 추출물을 급여한구를 T3 등 4개 처리구로 나누어 사양하였다. 육계의 사료요구율은 T1과 T3가 유의적으로 향상되었다. 계육의 일반성분은 엄나무 급여구에서 조지방 함량이 증가하는 경향이나, 일반성분은 유의성이 없었다. pH는 처리구간 유의성이 없었으며, T3에서 높은 경향이었다. 총 페놀 함량과 전자공여능은 엄나무 가지와 잎의 급여구에서 높았고, 엄나무 가지와 잎의 혼합 중탕구인 T3에서 그 함량이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 계육의 총 콜레스테롤과 HDL-cholesterol은 엄나무 급여구에서 높았고, 특히 T3에서 가장 높았으며 LDL-cholesterol은 낮아지는 결과이었다(p<0.05). 지방산 조성은 엄나무를 급여함에 따라 지방산함량이 증가하였으며, 포화지방산은 감소하고, 불포화지방산이 증가하는 결과를 보이고 있으며, 특히 T3에서 이러한 경향은 뚜렷하였다. 결론적으로 엄나무 가지와 잎의 중 탕 처리구는(T3) 총콜레스테롤, HDL-cholesterol 및 불포화지방산을 증가시키고, LDL-cholesterol과 포화지방산을 감소시킴으로 cholesterol 및 지방산 조성을 개선할 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

맥섬석 혼합 건조혈분 급여가 육계의 생산성과 육질에 미치는 영향 (Effects of a Diet Supplemented with Dried Animal Blood and Macsumsuk Mixture on the Growth Performance and Meat Quality Parameters of Broiler Chickens)

  • 김병기;이준구;황은경;강보석
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제44권1호
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    • pp.29-39
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    • 2017
  • 본 시험은 가축혈액과 맥섬석을 7:3 중량비율로 잘 혼합하여 $200^{\circ}C$에서 초고온 순간 분무방식으로 건조된 혈분을 육계사료에 첨가 급여하여 생산성과 육질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 육계(브로일러)병아리 600수(4처리 ${\times}$ 50수씩 ${\times}$ 3반복) 구분 배치(대조구; 건조혈분 무첨가; T1구, 건조혈분 0.5% 첨가; T2구, 건조혈분 1.0% 첨가; T3구, 건조혈분 3.0% 첨가)한 후 35일간 사양시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 사료섭취량과 사료요구율은 대조구가 높은 경향이었고, 도체중은 T2구(1,749 g), T3구(1,739 g), T1구(1,621 g)가 대조구(1,448.5 g)보다 유의적으로 높았고(p<0.001), 도체율은 T3구(83.26%)가 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.001). 계육의 육질분석에서 조지방은 T2구(1.14%)가 높았고(p<0.001), 보수력은 T1구(62.27%)와 T2구(63.80%)가 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.001). 또한 육색에서 L값(명도)은 처리구(53.98~55.48)가 대조구(45.81)보다 크게 높았다(p<0.01). 또한 가슴과 다리육의 콜레스테롤 함량은 39.28~50.44 mg/100 g 범위에 있었고, 대부분 처리구가 39.28~47.34 mg/100 g 범위로서 대조구(50.44 mg/100g)보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.001) 계육의 지방산 조성은 oleic acid가 가장 많았고, 그 다음으로 palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid 순으로 낮아졌다. 또한 불포화지방산(UFA) 및 단가불포화지방산(MUFA) 및 UFA/SFA 비율은 T1구가 각각 69.35%, 52.00% 및 2.26%로 다른 처리구보다 크게 높았다(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). 아미노산 함량에서는 cystine, methionine 함량이 처리구(0.43~0.57%)가 대조구(0.38~0.46%)보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면, 가축혈액과 맥섬석을 7:3 비율로 혼합하여 제조한 혈분을 육계사료에 0.5~1.0% 정도 첨가급여하면 증체량, 사료효율 및 계육의 육질이 개선될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

강낭콩을 첨가한 탁주의 품질 특성 (Quality Properties of Takju(Rice Wine) Added with Kidney Bean)

  • 박상순;윤진아;김제중
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.575-581
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    • 2010
  • 강낭콩의 비율을 달리하여 제조한 탁주의 이화학적 물성변화를 검토한 결과, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 총산의 경우, $T_{-5}$에서 산도가 0.70%로 가장 높았고, $T_{-6}$에서 0.50%로 가장 낮은 결과를 보여주고 있다(p<0.05). pH는 발효 종료 후 $T_{-1}$에서 3.82에서부터, $T_{-2}$에서 4.19로 주세법상 탁주 pH 범위인 3.8~4.7에서 벗어나지 않았다(p<0.05). 환원당의 경우, 발효 2일째 전체적으로 환원당 함량이 $T_{-1}$ 4.96에서 2.00%로 가장 많이 감소하는 경향을 보이고 있으며, 발효 종료 후 환원당 함량의 분포를 살펴보면 $T_{-1}$ 0.49에서부터 $T_{-7}$ 0.59%의 분포를 보여주고 있고(p<0.05), 발효 6일째부터 12일째까지 완만한 변화를 보였다. 알코올 생산량은 발효 직후 $T_{-1}$에서 17.43%로 가장 높게 나타났고, $T_{-2}$에서 13.83%로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 항산화 효과는 $T_{-1}$ 40.0%, $T_{-2}$ 57.0%, $T_{-3}$ 50.1%, $T_{-4}$ 47.0%, $T_{-5}$ 47.1%, $T_{-6}$ 46.0% 그리고 $T_{-7}$ 45.0%의 항산화 활성을 보이고 있으며, 강낭콩 함량이 높은 시료에서 항산화 활성이 높게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 관능검사 측정 결과, 단맛, 신맛, 조직감 그리고 기호도를 평가한 결과, 각 시료간의 유의차를 확인할 수 있었다(p<0.05). 강낭콩으로 담금한 탁주가 백미로 담금한 탁주에 비해 조직감과 선호도에서 좋은 결과를 보이고 있어 새로운 제품으로서의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

브로일러의 혈액지질, 닭고기의 지방산 및 지방산패도에 관한 파리번데기 동충하초 급여효과 (Effect of feeding diet containing Cordyceps with fly pupa on blood lipid, fatty acid and TBARS in broiler chickens)

  • 박병성
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.273-283
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    • 2011
  • The objective of this study was to determine the feeding effect of a diet containing Cordyceps with fly pupa on the changes in blood lipid profile from broiler chickens, fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in chicken meat. A total of 360 chicks (Ross strain 308) were divided on hatch day into four treated groups with respect to a 35-day feeding regimen: T1 (control group), T2 (2.0% Cordyceps with fly pupa), T3 (3.5% Corceps with fly pupa) and T3 (5.0% Cordyceps with fly pupa). Blood triacylglyceride and total cholesterol level was significantly decreased by 5.32-10.63% and 9.23-12.62%, respectively, in groups T2, T3 and T4 when compared to T1 (p<0.05). Water holding capacity was significantly highest in T2 (p<0.05), while there were no significant differences among groups T2, T3 and T. In chicken meat, the ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid was high in the T3 and T4 groups, the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acid was low in the T2, T3 and T4 groups and oleic acid (18:1n-9) was high in the T2, T3 and T4 groups, when compared to T1 (p<0.05). TBARS tended to increase according to the storage time (in days), and was significantly lower in the chicken thigh muscles with skin in groups T2, T3 and T4 as compared to T1 (p<0.05). These results suggest that a diet containing 2.0-3.5% of Cordyceps with fly pupa may decrease blood lipid and improve both the shelf-life and quality of broiler chicken meat.

Prognosis for Pneumonic-Type Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma in a Single Lobe on CT: Is It Reasonable to Designate It as Clinical T3?

  • Wooil Kim;Sang Min Lee;Jung Bok Lee;Joon Beom Seo;Hong Kwan Kim;Jhingook Kim;Ho Yun Lee
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.370-380
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    • 2022
  • Objective: To compare pneumonic-type invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (pIMA) confined to a single lobe with clinical T2, T3, and T4 stage lung cancer without pathological node metastasis regarding survival after curative surgery and to identify prognostic factors for pIMA. Materials and Methods: From January 2010 to December 2017, 41 patients (15 male; mean age ± standard deviation, 66.0 ± 9.9 years) who had pIMA confined to a single lobe on computed tomography (CT) and underwent curative surgery were identified in two tertiary hospitals. Three hundred and thirteen patients (222 male; 66.3 ± 9.4 years) who had non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without pathological node metastasis and underwent curative surgery in one participating institution formed a reference group. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the survival of patients with pIMA. Results: The 5-year RFS and OS rates in patients with pIMA were 33.1% and 56.0%, respectively, compared with 74.3% and 91%, 64.3% and 71.8%, and 46.9% and 49.5% for patients with clinical stage T2, T3, and T4 NSCLC in the reference group, respectively. The RFS of patients with pIMA was comparable to that of patients with clinical stage T4 NSCLC and significantly worse than that of patients with clinical stage T3 NSCLC (p = 0.012). The differences in OS between patients with pIMA and those with clinical stage T3 or T4 NSCLC were not significant (p = 0.11 and p = 0.37, respectively). In patients with pIMA, the presence of separate nodules was a significant factor associated with poor RFS and OS {unadjusted hazard ratio (HR), 4.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.95-11.11), p < 0.001 for RFS; adjusted HR, 4.53 (95% CI, 1.59-12.89), p = 0.005 for OS}. Conclusion: The RFS of patients with pIMA was comparable to that of patients with clinical stage T4 lung cancer. Separate nodules on CT were associated with poor RFS and OS in patients with pIMA.

팽이버섯 균사체의 급여가 닭고기의 이화학적 특성과 영양성분에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Dietary Flammulina velutipes Mycelium on Physico-chemical Properties and Nutritional Components of Chicken Meat)

  • 이상범;김지희;정수연;왕도;조성근;신택순;강한석;김윤칠;김선구;이홍구
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제23권7호
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    • pp.893-903
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 FVM이 닭고기의 이화학적 특성과 영양성분에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 지역의 버섯재배 농장에서 FVM을 수거하여 건조과정을 거친 다음 분쇄하여 사용하였다. 부화 후 1주령의 육계 병아리 96수를 4개 그룹으로 나누어 대조구(C)는 기초사료만 급여하였고, 시험 1구(T1)는 기초사료에 FVM 1%를, 시험 2구(T2)는 FVM 3%를, 시험 3구(T3)는 FVM 5%를 6주 동안 급여하였다. 7주령에 도계한 다음 가슴근육과 대퇴근육을 채취하여 분석하였다. 육색의 명도($L^*$)값은 FVM 3%, 5% 첨가 시 가슴근육에서 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 다리근육에서는 3%에서 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 황색도($b^*$)는 FVM 첨가수준이 증가될수록 가슴, 다리근육에서 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 모든 FVM 첨가 수준에서 가슴근육의 가열감량은 높아졌고(p<0.05), 보수력은 낮아졌으나(p<0.05), 다리근육에서는 차이가 없었다. 그리고 총 수분함량에서는 가슴, 다리근육 모두 대조구 및 처리구간의 영향이 없었다. 수용성 단백질의 용해성은 FVM 첨가 수준이 증가될수록 가슴근육과 다리근육에서 대조구에 비하여 낮아졌고(p<0.05), 염용성 단백질의 용해성은 가슴근육에서는 1%와 3%, 다리근육에서는 3%와 5%에서 대조구에 비하여 유의하게 높아졌다(p<0.05). 가슴근육의 조지방 함량은 FVM 첨가수준이 증가될수록 낮아진 반면(p<0.05), 다리근육의 조지방 함량은 높아졌다(p<0.05). 지방산 조성은 FVM을 3%와 5%를 첨가할 경우 가슴근육의 포화 지방산 함량을 대조구와 비교하여 유의하게 낮추고(p<0.05), 불포화 지방산의 함량을 유의하게 높였다(p<0.05). 아미노산 함량은 가슴근육(glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine)에서는 FVM의 첨가수준이 증가할수록 높아졌으며, 다리근육(glutamic acid, lysine, methionine, serine, threonine)은 FVM 처리구에서 대조구보다 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때 FVM의 3%와 5% 첨가급여는 육계에 있어서 명도와 황색도, 염용성 단백질 용해성, 포화지방산 및 불포화 지방산 함량, 오메가-6에 대한 오메가-3 비율, 유리아미노산함량을 개선시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

만성 바이러스 감염에서 면역조절인자 FoxP3, PD-1 및 CTLA-4의 역할 (The Roles of Immune Regulatory Factors FoxP3, PD-1, and CTLA-4 in Chronic Viral Infection)

  • 조효선
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제49권3호
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    • pp.221-227
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    • 2013
  • 인간면역결핍바이러스(Human immunodeficiency virus; HIV), B형 간염 바이러스(Hepatitis B virus; HBV), 그리고 C형 간염 바이러스(Hepatitis C virus; HCV)는 만성 감염질환을 일으키는 대표적인 바이러스들이다. 인체내 감염시 임상적 진행경과에 따른 바이러스 특이 T림프구의 항바이러스 기능변화 및 바이러스의 체내 지속성과 T림프구에 발현되는 다양한 면역인자(e.g., CD28, CD25, FoxP3, PD-1, CTLA-4)들과의 구체적인 상관관계는 최근 많은 국내외 연구진들을 통해 연구되고 있다. 그 중 FoxP3 (forkhead box P3), PD-1 (programmed death-1) 그리고 CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4)는 T림프구에서 발현되는 면역조절인자로 만성 바이러스성 감염시 그 발현이 증가되는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 항바이러스 작용을 가지는 T림프구의 기능결핍과 밀접한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 총설에서는 만성적인 HIV, HBV, 그리고 HCV 감염에서 바이러스 특이 T림프구에서 발현되는 FoxP3, PD1, 그리고 CTLA-4의 발현변화와 각 질환의 임상적 진행경과와의 상관성, 그리고 이들 발현이 T림프구의 항바이러스 기능에 미치는 영향 등을 중심으로 기술하였다.

Impact of Allogenic and Autologous Transfusion on Immune Function in Patients with Tumors

  • Guo, Jian-Rong;Xu, Feng;Jin, Xiao-Ju;Shen, Hua-Chun;Liu, Yang;Zhang, Yi-Wei;Shao, Yi
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.467-474
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    • 2014
  • Objective: To observe the effects of allogeneic and autologous transfusion on cellular immunity, humoral immunity and secretion of serum inflammatory factors and perforin during the perioperative period in patients with malignant tumors. Methods: A total of 80 patients (age: 38-69 years; body weight: 40-78 kg; ASA I - II) receiving radical operation for gastro-intestinal cancer under general anesthesia were selected. All the patients were divided into four groups based on the methods of infusion and blood transfusion: blank control group (Group C), allogeneic transfusion group (group A), hemodiluted autotransfusion Group (Group H) and hemodiluted autotransfusion + allogenic transfusion Group (A+H group). Venous blood was collected when entering into the surgery room ($T_0$), immediately after surgery ($T_1$) and 24h ($T_2$), 3d ($T_3$) and 7d ($T_4$) after surgery, respectively. Moreover, flow cytometry was applied to assess changes of peripheral blood T cell subpopulations and NK cells. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were performed to determine levels of IL-2, IL-10, TNF-${\alpha}$ and perforin. Immune turbidimetry was employed to determine the changes in serum immunoglobulin. Results: Both CD3+ and NK cells showed a decrease at $T_1$ and $T_2$ in each group, among which, in group A, CD3+ decreased significantly at $T_2$ (P<0.05) compared with other groups, and CD3+ and NK cell reduced obviously only in group A at $T_3$ and $T_4$ (P<0.05). CD4+ cells and the ratio of D4+/CD8+ were decreased in groups A, C and A+H at $T_1$ and $T_2$ (P<0.05). No significant intra- and inter-group differences were observed in CD8+ of the four groups (P<0.05). IL-2 declined in group C at $T_1$ and $T_2$ (P<0.05) and showed a decrease in group A at each time point (P<0.05). Moreover, IL-2 decreased in group A + H only at $T_1$. No significant difference was found in each group at $T_1$ (P<0.05). More significant decrease in group ?? at $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ compared with group A (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences among other groups (P>0.05). IL-10 increased at $T_1$ and $T_2$ in each group (P<0.05), in which it had an obvious increase in group A, and increase of IL-10 occurred only in group A at $T_3$ and $T_4$ (P<0.05). TNF-${\alpha}$ level rose at $T_1$ (P<0.05), no inter- and intra-group difference was found in perforin in all groups (P<0.05). Compared with the preoperation, both IgG and IgA level decreased at $T_1$ in each group (P<0.05), and they declined only in Group A at $T_2$ and $T_3$ (P<0.05), and these parameters were back to the preoperative levels in other groups. No significant differences were observed between preoperative and postoperative IgG and IgA levels in each group at $T_4$ (P>0.05). No obvious inter- and intra-group changes were found in IgM in the four groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: Allogeneic transfusion during the perioperative period could obviously decrease the number of T cell subpopulations and NK cells and the secretion of stimulating cytokines and increase the secretion of inhibiting cytokines in patients with malignant tumors, thus causing a Th1/Th2 imbalance and transient decreasing in the content of plasma immune globulin. Autologous transfusion has little impact and may even bring about some improvement oo postoperative immune function in patients with tumors. Therefore, cancer patients should receive active autologous transfusion during the perioperative period in place of allogeneic transfusion.

족삼리(ST36) 전침 자극이 뇌파에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Electroacupuncture at the ST36 on the Electroencephalogram)

  • 권순철;윤대식;이상룡
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.15-36
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    • 2006
  • Objectives . The aim of this study was to examine the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) at the ST36 on normal humans by using power spectral analysis. Methods : EEG(Electroencephalogram) power spectral exhibits site-specific and state-related differences in specific frequency bands. In this study, power spectrum was used as a measure of complexity. 32 channel EEG study was carried out in 12 subjects (10 males; age=26.7 years old, 2females; age=28 years old). Results ; In ${\alpha}$ (alpha) band, the power values at Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, FTC1, FTC2, T3, C3, Cz, C4, TT1, TCP1, CP1, CP2,T5, P3, Pz, P4, Po1, Po2, O1, Oz,O2 channels(p<0.05) during the ST36-acupoint treatment were significantly increased. In ${\beta}$ (beta) band, the power values at Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, FTC1, FTC2, T3, C3, Cz, C4, TT1, TCP1, CP1, CP2, T5, P3, Pz, P4, Po1, Po2, O1, Oz, O2 channels(p<0.05) during the ST36-acupoint treatment were significantly decreased. In ${\delta}$ (delta) band, the power values at F7, Fz, T3, C3, TT1, TCP1, CP1, CP2, T5, P3, Pz,T6, Po1, PO2,O1, Oz, O2 channels(p<0.05) during the ST36-acupoint treatment were significantly decreased. In ${\theta}$(theta) band, the power values at F7, Fz, FTC1, T3, TCP1, CP2, TCP2, Po1, Po2 channels(p<0.05) during the ST36-acupoint treatment were significantly decreased. ${\alpha}$/${\beta}$ values at Cz, T5, O1, Oz, O2 channels during the ST36-acupoint treatment were increased. ${\beta}$/${\theta}$ values at Fpl, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, FTC1, FTC2, T3, C3, C4, T4, TT1, TCP1, TCP2, TT2, P3, P4, T6, Pol channels during the ST36-acupoint treatment were increased. Conclusions : This results suggest that Electroacupuncture at the ST36 mostly affects the charge on alpha(23 channels), beta(25 channels) bands.

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