• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1041-1050
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variables which had effects on deit behavior of male and female high school students. The proposed variables are their body-related variables(body satisfaction, weight control experience, the degree of diet interest, and obesity) and self-esteem. The sample group used for the study consisted of 359 high school students(male=168, female=191). Measurement scales used for the study were those of body-related variables, self esteem and eating disorder behavior, and data analysis was performed using $X^2$, t-test, Pearson's correlation, regression analysis. The results are as follows. First, there is a significant difference between male and female high school students regarding their obesity perceived by themselves, body satisfaction, the degree of diet interest, weight control experience, and deit behavior. Second, In male students, diet behavior shows a positive correlation with the degree of diet interest, weight control experience, and body satisfaction, but shows a negative correlation with body satisfaction. In female students, diet behavior is positively correlated with the degree of diet interest, weight control experience, and obesity, but negatively correlated with body satisfaction and self-esteem. Third, in male students, the variables that showed a influence on diet behavior as an eating disorder are weight control experience, body satisfaction and obesity, in that the explanatory power of the variables is 51.7% with the highest mark on obesity. In female, the variables that showed a influence on diet behavior as an eating disorder are the degree of diet interest, weight control experience, body satisfaction and obesity, in that the explanatory power of the variables is 66.0%.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 1984

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the speed of grinding and coolants on mercury vaporization during amalgam removal. Forty amalgam filled stone dies were stored at $37^{\circ}C$ and 100% relative humidity for 7 days prior to the beginning of the mercury vapor experiment and were divided into 4 different groups; In Group I; Used by high speed without coolant & evacuator during amalgam removal. In Group II; Used by high speed with coolant & evacuator during amalgam removal. In Group III; Used by low speed without coolant & evacuator during amalgam removal. In Group IV; Used by low speed with coolant & evacuator during amalgam removal. The amalgam specimens were removed in a 30-second time period and mercury vapor was collected with membrane filter at 27mm from the site of removal and 45 degree above there. Samples in Group II, IV were removed with coolant spray at a flow rate of 30 ml/min with high-velocity evacuator. Mercury vapor collected membrane filter was analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer using cold vapor method. The results were as follows; 1. The mercury vapor levels were obtained all of the Groups. 2. The mercury vapor levels of the Group II, IV (with coolant & evacuator) were less than that of the Group I, III (without coolant & evacuator). 3. The highest mercury vapor level recorded during amalgam removal procedure was Group I (used by high speed without coolant & evacuator) and its record was $0.78{\pm}0.09\;mg/m^3$, which exceed the T.L.V. by 15 times. 4. The mercury vapor level of the Group IV (used by low speed with coolant & evacuator) was more than that of the Group II (used by high speed with coolant & evacuator), but its difference was not significant, statistically. (p > 0.05)

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.264-272
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate coping styles for dysmenorrhea and explore factors related with their coping styles according to different health loci of control in middle schoolers. Methods: Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire for 572 students from three middle schools in Seoul from March 22 to April 2, 2010. The measurement included menstrual distress, coping method questionnaire and health locus of control. The data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Middle school students used the active behavioral coping style more often than the avoidance style. There was a significant difference in means within each coping style including levels of stress, levels of health, and regular exercise. There were also significant correlations between each coping style and health locus of control. Regression analyses indicated that the health locus of control factor is the most powerful factor in each coping style. Conclusion: We observed that various coping methods are used for dysmenorrhea in middle school students. However, the active behavioral coping style is dominant in such a condition. Based on these results, we need to develop a health locus of control to improve coping styles for dysmenorrhea.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.137-149
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• 1994

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between Forward Head Posture(FHP) and Craniomandlbular Disorders(CMDs). Many studies reported that there was some relationship between them, however, there is still controversy. So It Is necessary to observe and compare many more patients with CMDs wirh normal controls. For the study 85 patients with CMDs and 37 dental students were selected as experimentals and controls, respectively. And the experimentals were classified Into two groups, that is, TMJ internal derangement group and muscle disorders group according to clinical diagnosis. For measuring the FHP, CROM(Cervical-Range-of-Notion)was used. This goniometer is composed of three part. First, gravity goniometer for flexion and extension. Second, magnetic compass and yoke for rotational movement. And last, forward head arm and vertebra locator for forward head posture. Next T-Scan, electronic occlusal analyzer, was used for recording of occlusal contact state. Other items such as maximum opening, lateral excursion, Helkimo's anamnestic index, and muscle palpation point from Friction's craniomandibular index were checked clinically by one examiner. The result of this study were as follows : 1. In male, control group showed much more measurement in resting forward head posture than did experimental group. But there were not significant differences between groups in female subject. From this results, the author contended that CROM is new measuring system and differ from other goniometers in some aspect, so that results should be re-evaluated 2. Mean value of maximum mouth opening in nearly all groups were greater than 40mm. and mouth opening had a significant correlation with occlusal force and with anamnestic index both sex. 3. Mean value of palpation point had not any correlationship with forward head posture in both sex, but there was significant difference between upper and lower group by rounded shouldes. 4. In summary, there was no significant relationship between forward head posture and sign and symptom of Craniomandibular Disorders.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine a conversion coefficient for Hounsfield Units(HU) to material density ($g\;cm^{-3}$) obtained from cone-beam computed tomography ($CBMercuRay^{TM}$) data and to measure the hard tissue density based on the Hounsfield scale on dental head phantom. Materials and Methods : CT Scanner Phantom (AAPM) equipped with CT Number Insert consists of five cylindrical pins of materials with different densities and teflon ring was scanned by using the $CBMercuRay^{TM}$ (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) volume scanner. The raw data were converted into DICOM format and the HU of different areas of CT number insert measured by using $CBWorks^{TM}$. Linear regression analysis and Student t-test were performed statistically. Results : There was no significant difference (P > 0.54) between real densities and measured densities. A linear regression was performed using the density, $\rho$($g\;cm^{-3}$), as the dependent variable in terms of the HU (H). The regression equation obtained was $\rho=0.00072H-0.01588$ with an $R^2$ value of 0.9968. Density values based on the Hounsfield scale was $1697.1{\pm}24.9\;HU$ in cortical bone, $526.5{\pm}44.4\;HU$ in trabecular bone, $2639.1{\pm}48.7\;HU$ in enamel, $1246.1{\pm}39.4\;HU$ in dentin of dental head phantom. Conclusion : CBCT provides an effective option for determination of material density expressed as Hounsfield Units.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2011

In recent years, there has been a rise in epidemiological evidence suggesting the health benefits of a physically active lifestyle. However, it is not always easy for individuals to personally recognize the optimal conditions for exercise and physical activity. Wearable acceleration-based pedometers have become widely used in estimating the amount of physical activity, and to a limited extent, providing information regarding exercise intensity, but they have never been used to assess adaptation to exercise. In order to realize simultaneous activity monitoring for multiple users exercising outdoors, we developed a prototype wireless local area network (WLAN) based system. In our system, a WLAN is deployed outside, and a user wearing a smart phone and monitoring device exercises freely within the coverage area of the wireless network. By doing so, the developed system is able to monitor the activity of each user andmeasures various parameters including those related to exercise adaptation. In a demonstration experiment, the developed system was evaluated and used to monitor users enjoying a Nordic walk, after which users were immediately able to receive their exercise report. In this paper, we discuss the requirements and issues in developing an activity monitoring system and report the findings we obtained through the demonstration experiment.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.147-155
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose basic materials for effective education of essential basic nursing skills and empirical base supporting the strengthening of essential basic nursing skills. An investigation was conducted with nursing college students ready for an employment on the relationship between the students' knowledge level of essential basic nursing skills and their satisfaction level against the clinical practice. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, scheffē test and Pearson's correlation coefficients. in SPSS WIN 21.0 program. The findings of this study were as follows. 1) The knowledge level of essential basic nursing skills received a score of 88.95. 'Admission management' item received the highest score of 4.96 point on a 5 point scale while 'Retention urinary catheterization' item received the lowest score of 3.06. The higher the difficulty level of essential basic nursing skills was, the lower the knowledge level of it was. 2) The satisfaction against the clinical practice received a score of 3.28. In the clinical practice area, the satisfaction against the curriculum received a score of 3.84, the satisfaction against clinical practice contents a score of 3.39, the satisfaction against clinical practice environment a score of 3.17, the satisfaction against clinical practice time a score of 3.15. There was a significant correlation between the knowledge level of essential basic nursing skills and clinical practice satisfaction. These findings indicate that a systematic education of essential basic nursing skills could improve nursing students' satisfaction against the clinical practice.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 2010

It described the modification of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with amphiphilic methyl methacrylate-based polyethylene glycol (PMMA-b-PEG) to enhance the hydrophilicity of a PDMS surface and cytotoxicity of it. PMMA-b-PEG solutions in water/ethanol mixture was spun-cast on the PDMS surface and the surface was characterized by long-term measurement of water contact angle. The morphology of PDMS surfaces coated with PMMA-b-PEG was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscope. Cytotoxicity of the modified surfaces was investigated by MTT assay which would be necessary for the evaluation of tissue compatibility after implantation of the materials. Based on the MTT assay, PDMS coated with PMMA-b-PEG didn't show any significant cytotoxcity.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 2008

Walking shoes for walking and jogging have been used to enjoy lots of leisure time. Functional shoes such as walking shoes have special functions to improve body motility by changing of shoe shapes. The walking shoes could improve the motility by structural transformation of outsole as increase degrees of heel and toe. The study on insoles has not been conducted enough on the contrary of the study of outsole. The purpose of this study is to perform ergonomics analysis whether the Arch Supported insoles have an improving effect of muscle activities or not. Experiments were performed with 6 subjects who are health and haven't experienced any diseases past. EMG(Electromyography) and Foot Pressures were measured repeatedly for 5 seconds at 0 hour, after 1 hour and after 2 hours of walking. Insoles used for experiment are normal insole, insole inserted Arch Support and pad. The electrodes for EMG measurement were set on waist (erector spinae), and thigh (vastus lateralis), calf (gastrocnemius). Evaluations of EMG were analyzed by shift of MF (Median Frequency) and MPF (Mean Power Frequency). Foot Pressure was analyzed by mean pressure of feet and change of walking time. As results, Arch Support insole had larger frequency shift value than that of normal insole. Frequency shift between Arch Support insoles and normal insole showed significant difference on 95% confidence interval. And insole 1 has the highest value of frequency shift. For results of foot pressure, Arch Support insoles show continuous decreasing tendency when comparing with normal insoles by changing of times. Also, insole 1 has the highest decreasing value of foot pressure. Therefore, this study presented that the Arch Support insole can promote muscle activities and improves comfort for a prolonged walking.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.123-133
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among self-efficacy, collective efficacy, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment of nurses working in general hospitals. Methods: Data were collected from 239 nurses working in five general hospitals of a local area by self-reported questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchial multiple regression. Results: Self-efficacy, collective efficacy, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment showed significantly positive correlations. Hierarchial multiple regression analysis showed that self-efficacy was the main factor of affecting job satisfaction, which explained 14.3% of the variance for the nurses' job satisfaction together with collective efficacy and weekly working time. In addition, the primary factor of affecting organization commitment was self-efficacy, which accounted for 17.2% of the variance for the nurses' organizational commitment together with hospital size and shift work. Conclusion: Self-efficacy and nursing working condition such as working time or hospital size contributed to the job satisfaction and organizational commitment and collective efficacy contributed to the job satisfaction. Therefore, the strategies for improving self and collective efficacy should be considered. Further study is also needed to investigate the concept of collective efficacy and its' measurement, and the relationship between collective efficacy and organizational commitment.