• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.359-364
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• 2013

This study was conducted to develop a model to estimate crop leaf surface temperature. The results were as following; A definition for the daily time based on elapsed time from the midnight (00:00) as "E&E time" with the unit of Kmin. was suggested. The model to estimate the scaled temperature ($T^*e$) of crop leaf surface temperature by scale factor ($T^*$) according to the "E&E time : Kmin."(X) was developed as eq. (1) $T^*e=0.5{\cdot}sin(X+780)+0.5$ (2) $T^*=(Tx-Tn)/(Tm-Tn)$, Tx : Daily leaf temperature, Tm : Daily maximum leaf temperature, Tn : Daily minimum leaf temperature. Relative sensitivity of the measured temperature compared to the estimated temperature of red pepper, soybean and persimmon was 1.078, 1.033 and 0.973, respectively.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 1996

Let $\{X(t);\;t{\in}R^n\}$ be a measurable, separable and H-sssis random fields. Here, we suppose that the increments are invariant under all Euclidean rigid body motions. We investigate some properties of H-sssis random fields and monotonicity of projection process $\{X_e(t);\;t{\in}R^1\}$ in any direction $e{\in}R^n$.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.81-96
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• 2019

The Yeongdeok 53m marine terrace (Y₅₃mT), Y₄₃mT, Y₃₃mT, Y₂₄mT, Y₁₉mT and Y₁₁mT distributed along the Yeongdeok coast, southeastern Korean Peninsula are well compared with the thalassostatic terraces of the high terrace 1 (ℓHT₁ ; 51m of the relative heights from the river floor), high terrace 2 (ℓHT₂ ; 43m), middle terrace 1 (ℓMT₁ ; 32m), middle terrace 2 (ℓMT₂ ; 25m), lower terrace 1 (ℓLT₁ ; 18m) and lower terrace 2 (ℓLT₂ ; 10m) respectively, developed along the lower reaches of the Chucksan-cheon and Obo-cheon rivers, judging from the comparison of paleosols (red soils) between the above marine and thalassostatic terraces. Using the Y₁₉mT of the MIS 5e as the key surface, we propose that the terraces of the Y₅₃mT and ℓHT₁, Y₄₃mT and ℓHT₂, T₃₃mT and ℓMT₁, Y₂₄mT and ℓMT₂, Y₁₉mT and ℓLT₁, and Y₁₁mT and ℓLT₂ have been formed at the MIS 11, 9, 7e and 7a (or 7a), 5e and 5a respectively. The red soils have been developed at the Y₁₉mT and ℓLT₁ and above them, but not on the Y₁₁mT and ℓLT₂ surfaces.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.166-172
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• 2000

Growth of Ammodytes personatus was investigated based on the specimens collected in the costal waters of Shinsudo, Sacheon from March 20 to December 14, 1988. Age determination based on otolith. The rings in the otolith were used as the basis for age annulus. The time of ring formation was estimated to one time per year in May far 1st ring group and March for 2nd ring group. The spawning season peaked in December. It takes approximately 16 months for the first ring and 11 months for the second ring to form in the otolith. The opaque zone was formed and marked over summer at 1st ring group and spawning mark at 2nd ring group. The relationship between the total length(TL) and otolith radius(R), and body weight(BW) were represented respectively as follows: TL=29.17+182.9R, BW=$4.9{\times}10^{-8}TL^{3.9587}$. Von Bertalanffy growth model is $TL_t$ = 177.273 ($1_e^{-0.040(t+7.332)}$), Robertson growth model is $TL_t=\frac{150.275}{1+2.085e^{-0.099t}}$ and Gompertz growth model is $TL_t=157.551e^{-1.214exp(-0.069t)}$.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.11-21
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• 2012

Objectives : BHH10 is traditional medicine herb used for enhancing body resistance against various diseases. The aim of this study was to identify BHH10 extract induces osteogenic activity in human osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods : MC3T3-E1, pre-osteoblast cell line, were treated with BHH10 of various concentrations($0.1{\mu}g/mL$, $1{\mu}g/mL$, $10{\mu}g/mL$). And then, the effect of BHH10 on osteoblast differentiation was examined by alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity, von Kossa staining and RT-PCR for osteoblast differentiation markers such as osteocalcin(OCN), osteopontin(OPN). Results : BHH10 had dose-dependent effect on the viability of osteoblastic cells, and dose-dependently increased alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity. BHH10 markedly increased mRNA expression for OCN, OPN in MC3T3-E1 cells. Also, BHH10 significantly induced mineralization in the culture of MC3T3-E1 cells. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results propose that BHH10 can play an important role in osteoblastic bone formation, osteogenesis, and may possibly lead to the development of bone-forming drugs.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2009

Objectives : It has been recently shown that Piperis Longi Fructus (PLF) is involved in the reduction of eosinophil recruitment and production of Th2 cytokines in vivo. However, the main therapeutic mechanisms of PLF remains a matter of considerable debate. To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of PLF, we examined the influence of PLF on regulatory T cells number, IgE, histamine production in vivo and Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in vitro. Methods : All mice were immunized on two different days (21 days and 7 days before inhalational exposure) by i.p. injections of 0.2 $m\ell$ alum-precipitated Ag containing 100 ${\mu}g$ of OVA bound to 4 mg of aluminum hydroxide in PBS. Seven days after the second sensitization, mice were exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin for 30 min/day on 3 days/week for 12 weeks(at a flow rate of 250 L/min, 2.5％ ovalbumin in normal saline) and PLF (150 mg/kg) were orally administered 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice at 8 weeks of age were stimulated with anti-CD3 (1 mg/ml) plus anti-CD28 (1 mg/ml) antibody for 48hrs. IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ in the culture supernatants were measured by ELISA Results : The suppressive effects of PLF on asthma model were demonstrated by the increase the number of regulatory T cells and by reducing IgE, histamine production in vivo and modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. Conclusions : These results indicate that PLF has a deep inhibitory effects on asthma model mice by increase the number of regulatory T cells, and by reducing IgE, histamine production.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2011

We investigated the in vitro effects of nonylphenol (NP) and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) on steroidogenesis in redlip mullet, Chelon haematocheilus, oocytes. In experiment 1, we investigated the effects of NP and PCB126 on steroid production from exogenous steroid precursors. Vitellogenic oocytes (0.75 mm in diameter) were incubated with 10 and 100 ng/ml NP or PCB126 with $[^3H]17{\alpha}$-hydroxyprogesterone as a precursor. The major metabolites produced were androstenedione, testosterone (T), estrone, and estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$). Both NP and PCB126 increased T production and decreased $E_2$ production, except for 100 ng/ml PCB126. In experiment 2, oocytes (0.65-0.75 mm in diameter) were exposed to NP and PCB126 at different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL). After the incubation, T and $E_2$ production was measured by radioimmunoassay. NP inhibited $E_2$ production at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1 ng/ml in 0.75-mm-diameter oocytes. NP at 1 and 100 ng/mL stimulated T production, but had no observable effect on $E_2$ production. PCB126 treatment did not affect $E_2$ production at any of the concentrations tested. NP alone at 0.1 ng/mL resulted in a significant decrease in $E_2$ production in 0.65-mm-diameter oocytes. PCB126 did not show any significant effects on either T or $E_2$ production at all concentrations tested. These results suggest that NP acts like an antiestrogen at lower concentrations (0.01-0.1 ng/ml) in vitellogenic oocytes of redlip mullet.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.297-308
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• 2003

Subjective pork quality was determined on the six groups of the following treatments. Meat samples were obtained from pigs which had been fed with finishing pig diets containing 5% beef tallow(C), 3% beef tallow and 2% perillar seed oil(T1), 250ppm vitamin E($\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate) in T1(T2), 3% beef tallow and 2% squid viscera oil(T3), 250ppm vitamin E in T3(T4), 3% beef tallow and 2% CLA(Conjugated linoleic acid, T5). In the fatty acid composition, SFA(Saturated fatty acid) and EFA(Essential fatty acid) were higher in T5 than in the rest of three treatments such as C, T1, T3 groups, while UFA(Unsaturated fatty acid), MUFA(Monounsaturated fatty acid), UFA/SFA, MUFA/SFA were low. The total content of amino acid in the T3 were higher those for the rest of rest of C, T1, T5 the content for vitamin added treatment(T2, T4) groups higher than non treated one. T3 and T5 showed higher TBARS(Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) values than the C and T1 groups VBN(Volatile basic nitrogen) values were higher in the order of T5>T3>T1>C. There was no difference in total plate counts, number of lactic acid bacteria and number of E. coli. In sensory property, the C and T1 showed a higher acceptance than the T3 and T5. In cooked meats, the T3 showed a lower hardness than that of control(C), T1 and, with a higher acceptance. In TBARS, VBN, total counts, lactic counts, and E. coli counts, sensory test of cooked meat and raw meat, there was no significant difference between vitamin supplement groups within each oil treatment.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2003

Ondansetron is a potent, highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamin $e_3$(5-H $T_3$) receptor-antagonist, for the management of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiography, and the treatment of post-operative nausea and vomiting. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two ondansetron tablets, Zofran (Glaxo Smithcline Korea Ltd.) and Onfran (Korea United Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Eighteen normal male volunteers, 24.39$\pm$1.69 year in age and 69.00$\pm$6.74kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2${\times}$2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 8mg of ondansetron was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of ondansetron in plasma were determined using HPLC with UV detector. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as AVC, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC, $C_{max}$ and T max between two tablets were 5.83％, 5.75％ and －5.71％, respectively when calculated against the Zofran, tablet. The powers (1-$\beta$) for AUC, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were above 90％, above 90％ and below 60％, respectively. Minimum detectable differences($\Delta$) at alpha=0.1 and 1-$\beta$=0.8 were less than 20％ (e.g., 12.74％ and 11.78％ for AUC and $C_{max}$ respectively). But minimum detectable differences($\Delta$) at alpha=0.1 and 1-$\beta$=0.8 for $T_{max}$ were more than 20％ (e.g., 34.22％). The 90％ confidence intervals were within $\pm$20％ (e.g., -2.73∼14.39 and -2.16∼13.67 for AUC and $C_{max}$ respectively). But 90％ confidence intervals for $T_{max}$ were not within $\pm$20％ (e.g., -28.71∼17.28). Another ANOVA test was conducted for logarithmically transformed AUC and $C_{max}$. These results showed that there are no significant difference in AUC and $C_{max}$ between the two formulations: The differences between the formulations in these log transformed parameters were all for less than 20％ (e.g., 5.83％ and 5.75％ for AUC and $C_{max}$ respectively). The 90％ confidence intervals for the log transformed data were the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., log 0.99∼log 1.15 and log 0.98∼log 1.15 for AUC and $C_{max}$ respectively). The major parameters, AUC and $C_{max}$, met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence although $T_{max}$ did not meet the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Onfran tablet is bioequivalent to Zofrm1 tablet.t is bioequivalent to Zofrm1 tablet.m1 tablet.m1 tablet.m1 tablet.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.691-696
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• 2009

The E2F gene family appears to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of events that are required for adipogenesis. Pref-1 is a transmembrane protein that inhibits adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. In this study, we found that the expression of pref-1 is regulated by the transcription factor E2F1. The expression of pref-1 and E2F1 was strongly induced in preadipocytes and at the late differentiation stage. Using luciferase reporter assay, ChIP assay and EMSA, we found that the -211/-194 region of the pref-1 promoter is essential for the binding of E2F1 as well as E2F1-dependent transcriptional activation. Knockdown of E2F1 reduced both pref-1 promoter activity and the level of pref-1 mRNA. Taken together, our data suggest that transcriptional activation of pref-1 is stimulated by E2F1 protein in adipocytes.