• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1565-1574
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify genetic variants based on RNA-seq data, obtained via transcriptome sequencing of muscle tissue of pigs differing in muscle histological structure, and to verify the variants' effect on histological microstructure and production traits in a larger pig population. Methods: RNA-seq data was used to identify the panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly related with percentage and diameter of each fiber type (I, IIA, IIB). Detected polymorphisms were mapped to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) regions. Next, the association study was performed on 944 animals representing five breeds (Landrace, Large White, Pietrain, Duroc, and native Puławska breed) in order to evaluate the relationship of selected SNPs and histological characteristics, meat quality and carcasses traits. Results: Mapping of detected genetic variants to QTL regions showed that chromosome 14 was the most overrepresented with the identification of four QTLs related to percentage of fiber types I and IIA. The association study performed on a 293 longissimus muscle samples confirmed a significant positive effect of transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 2 (TACC2) polymorphisms on fiber diameter, while SNP within forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) locus was associated with decrease of diameter of fiber types IIA and IIB. Moreover, subsequent general linear model analysis showed significant relationship of FOXO1, delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1 (DEGS1), and troponin T2 (TNNT2) genes with loin 'eye' area, FOXO1 with loin weight, as well as FOXO1 and TACC2 with lean meat percentage. Furthermore, the intramuscular fat content was positively associated (p<0.01) with occurrence of polymorphisms within DEGS1, TNNT2 genes and negatively with occurrence of TACC2 polymorphism. Conclusion: This study's results indicate that the SNP calling analysis based on RNA-seq data can be used to search candidate genes and establish the genetic basis of phenotypic traits. The presented results can be used for future studies evaluating the use of selected SNPs as genetic markers related to muscle histological profile and production traits in pig breeding.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3643-3646
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• 2016

Management of eyelid cancers is based on surgery and/or radiotherapy (RT). The treatment objective is to control tumors with acceptable functional and esthetic outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of radiation therapy in management of epithelial eyelid cancers, reviewing retrospectively the clinical records of patients treated in our institution from January 1989 to December 2013. We focused on clinical and histological features, treatment characteristics, tolerance and disease control. One hundred and eight patients (62 men and 46 women) were enrolled, with a mean age of 61 years [ranges 15-87]. The most frequent tumor location was the inner canthus (42.6%). Median tumor size was 21 mm [ranges 4-70]. Histological type was basal cell carcinoma in 88 cases (81.5%), squamous cell carcinoma in 16 (14.8%) and sebaceous carcinoma in 4 (3.7%). Radiation therapy was exclusive in 67 cases (62%) and post-operative for positive or close margins in the remaining cases. Kilovoltage external beam radiotherapy (KVRT) was used in 63 patients (58.3%) and low-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy in 37 (34.3%). Eight (7.4%) were treated with cobalt or with a combination of KVRT-cobalt, KVRT-electron beams, KVRT-brachytherapy or cobalt-electron beams. The total delivered radiation doses were 70 Gy (2 Gy/fraction) in 62 patients (57.4%), 66 Gy (2 Gy/fraction) in 37 (34.3%) and 61.2 Gy (3.4Gy/fraction) in 9 (8.3%). After a median follow-up of 64 months, we noted 10 cases of local recurrences(9.2%): 7 after exclusive and 3 after post-operative RT. No local recurrence occurred in patients treated with brachytherapy. Actuarial 5-year local recurrence-free rate, disease-free survival and overall survival were respectively 90%, 90% and 97%. T-stage was found to be a significant factor for recurrence (p=0.047). All acute radiation-related reactions were scored grade I or II. Delayed effects were eye watering in 24 cases (22.2%), eye dryness in 19 (17.6%), unilateral cataract in 7 (6.4%) and ectropion in 4 (3.7%). Radiation therapy and especially brachytherapy is an efficient treatment of eyelid cancers, allowing eye conservation and functional preservation with good local control rates and acceptable toxicity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.315-323
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• 1997

Central tryptaminergic system has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of renal function: $5-HT_1(5-hydroxytryptamine_1)$ receptors might seem to mediate the diuresis and natriuresis, whereas the $5-HT_2\;and\;5-HT_3$ receptors mediate the antidiuretic and antinatriuretic effects. This study attempted to delineate the role of central $5-HT_{1A}$ subtype in the regulation of rabbit renal function by observing the renal effects of intracerebrovent-ricularly(icv)-administered PAPP(p-aminorhenylethyl-m-trifluoromethytphenyl piperazine, LY165163), a selective agonist of $5-HT_{1A}$ receptors. PAPP in doses ranging from 40 to $350{\mu}g/kg$ icv induced significantly diuresis, natriuresis, and kaliuresis, along with increased renal perfusion and glomerular filtration. Systemic blood pressure was also increased. Free water reabsorption$(T^cH_2O)$, a measure of ADH(antidiuretic hormone) secretion, was increased also. Intravenous $350{\mu}g/kg$ of PAPP elicited antidiuresis and antinatriuresis together with decreased blood pressure, thus indicating that the effects of icv PAPP were brought about through the central mechanisms, not by direct peripheral effects of the drug on kidney. Ketanserin, a selective $5-HT_2$ antagonist, $40{\mu}g/kg$ icv, did not affect the renal effects of the icv PAPP. Methysergide, a non-selective $5-HT_1$ antagonist, also did not block the renal functional responses by the icv PAPP. NAN-190, a $5-HT_{1A}$ antagonist, also did not antagonized the renal action of the icv PAPP. However the increased free water reabsorption was abolished by both methysergide or ketanserin pretreatment. The increments of blood pressure by icv PAPP was blocked only by NAN-190 pretreatment. These observations suggest that the central $5-HT_{1A}$ receptor might be involved in the central regulation of rabbit renal function by exerting the diuretic and natriuretic influences.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.318-326
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• 2006

기능성이 보완된 고품질의 간장을 제조하기 위하여 기존의 간장 담금용 용수 대신에 고로쇠 및 거제수나무 수액을 이용하여 간장을 담근 후 120일간 숙성시키면서 간장의 맛과 기능성과 관련이 있는 화학 성분을 분석하였다. 간장 숙성 중 유리당을 분석한 결과 대조군에서는 3종의 유리당(fructose, glucose 및 galactose), 수액 간장에서는 상기 유리당 외에 sucrose가 검출되었다. 간장의 숙성 중 유리당은 불규칙한 함량 변화를 보였으나, 숙성 기간 중 모든 시료군에서 galactose의 함량이 월등히 높았다. 유기산은 butyric acid의 함량이 월등히 높았으며 반면에 fumaric acid는 미량에 분과하였다. 무기물은 모든 시료군에서 K와 P의 함량이 가장 높았다. 수액 간장에서 대조군에 비해 Ca, Mg및 Fe의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 간장 숙성 중 아미노산은 총 15종이 검출되었으며, glutamic acid의 함량(185.6${\pm}$1.0${\sim}$363.0${\pm}$2.7 mg/100 ml)이 가장 높았고, 다음으로 aspartic acid, lysine 및 leucine의 순이었으며, proline과 arginine은 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 핵산 관련 물질은 대조군과 시료군 모두 숙성 기간에 관계없이 AMP의 함량(7.5${\pm}$0.2 ${\mu}$mol/100 ml이상)이 가장 높았으며, 반면에 inosine은 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 관능검사 결과 고로쇠 수액 간장, 거제수 수액 간장 및 대조군의 순으로 맛이나 향이 강하게 나타났다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2007

환경스트레스에 강한 내성을 지닌 신품종 톨페스큐를 개발할 목적으로 산화스트레스에 의해 강하게 유도되는 SWPA2 promoter 하류에 CuZnSOD와 APX 유전자가 엽록체에 동시에 발현하도록 제작한 벡터를 Agrobacterium법을 이용하여 톨 페스큐에 도입하였다. Hygromycin이 첨가된 선발배지에서 내성을 가지며 재분화된 형질전환 식물체를 pot로 이식하여 기내 순화시킨 후, Southern 분석을 실시하여 본 결과, 발현벡터의 T-DNA 영역이 형질전환 식물체의 genome에 성공적으로 도입되었음을 확인하였다. 형질전환 식물체 잎 절편을 산화스트레스와 중금속을 포함하고 있는 용액에 처리하여 엽록체의 손상정도를 조사한 결과, 비형질 전환체에 비해 형질전환체는 강한 내성을 나타내었다. 또한 유식물체 수준에서 MV를 처리하여 내성을 비교한 결과, 비형질전환체에 비해 형질전환체는 손상을 덜 받았다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 CuZnSOD와 APX 유전자를 엽록체에 동시발현시키는 기술이 다양한 환경스트레스에 대해 복합재해내성을 가지는 다양한 작물을 개발하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있음을 나타낸 결과이다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.168-173
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• 1989

草地生態系에 있어서 칼리(K)動態에 關한 연구의 한 部分으로서, 草地士壞으로 부터의 칼리성분의 溶脫을 알아보기 위해 두가지 實驗을 수행했는데, 하나는 오차드그라스 採훨地의 토양증별 置換性칼리의 수직분포를 조사했으며 다른 한가지는 라이시메터를 이용하여 초지토양으로 부터의 칼리溶脫을 1년간 조사했다... 오차드그라tm 최초지안에서 土層間의 置換性칼리 함량의 차는 칼리 無施用區에서는 아주 작았으나 칼리 多施用區에서는 그 차이가 顯著했다(實驗 1). 라이시에터를 통해 1 년간 나온 溶脫水의 量은 月別 降雨量에 의해 큰 影響을 받았는데 그 양은 $1\textrm{m}^2$ 당 471 리터였으며 그에 의한 칼리 隊脫量은 22.3g이었다. 總量의 약 40%의 칼리가 寶驗이 시작된 후 첫 두달인 5月과 6月에 용탈되었으며 그 후 목초의 수확을 했던 7月부터 다음해 4月까지의 10個月 동안에 60%인 13.2g의 칼리가 溶脫되었다.(實驗 2). 이상의 결과로부터, 土壞表면이 단단하지 못하거나 목초생육이 좋지않은 條件에서는 초지토양에서도 칼리溶脫이 相當量 일어날 수 있음을 알았다. 따라서 조성초기에, 특히 이우량이 많은 시기에는 초지토양으로부터 많은 양의 칼리 溶脫이 일어날 수 있음을 나타내 주었으나, 永久휠地에서는 이 와 반대로 토양中의 칼리용탈이 많지 않다는 것을 시사해 주었다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.15-35
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• 2015

Objectives This study was performed to investigate the effects of Bujasasim-tang ethanol extract (BST) on oxidative stress, inflammation and osteoarthritic rat model. Methods To ensure safety of BST, heavy metal levels were measured and cytotoxicity test was done. In vitro, To evaluate antioxidative effects of BST, total phenolic contents, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. Also, to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of BST treated group, total nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$) levels were measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo, We injected MIA $50{\mu}l$ (60 mg/ml) into knee joints of rats to induce osteoarthritis. Rats were divided into total 3 groups (normal, control, BST treated group, each n=7). Normal group was not treated at all without inducing osteoarthritis and taken normal diet. Control group was induced osteoarthritis by MIA and taken with 2 ml of distilled water once a day for 4 weeks. BST treated group was induced osteoarthritis by MIA and taken BST 2 ml (200 mg/kg/mouse) once a day for 4 weeks. We evaluated dynamic weight bearing with the Incapacitance Test Meter. At the end of experiment, the rats were sacrificed to observe the functions of liver and kidney, changes of WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte levels in blood, to evaluate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tissue inhibitor of metallopreteinases-1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), leukotriene $B_4$ ($LTB_4$) within serum. We observed change of articular structures by Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E), safranin-O staining method and measured amount of cartilage by micro CT-arthrography. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired student's t-test with significance level at p<0.05 in SPSS 11.0 for windows. Results 1. Safety of the BST was identified. 2. AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine levels of BST treated group were within normal limit. In vitro, 1. DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities of BST showed dose-dependent increase. 2. ROS production were significantly decreased. 3. Total nitric oxide (NO) and IL-$1{\beta}$ production were decreased. 4. IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production were significantly decreased. In vivo, 1. Weight bearing ability was significantly increased. 2. WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte levels in blood were decreased. 3. IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels in serum were significantly decreased. and the IL-6 level was decreased. 4. TIMP-1, MMP-9, $LTB_4$, $PGE_2$ levels in serum were significantly decreased. 5. Cartilage volume of BST treated group was significantly increased. Also changes of cartilage, synovial membrane, fibrous tissue were suppressed. Conclusions The results obtained in this study Bujasasim-tang have effects of antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, relieve pain and protection of cartilage. Therefore we expect that Bujasasim-tang is effective treatment for osteoarthritis.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 1997

To understand the current status of pediatric surgical practice of the members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons, a survey of the practice of the 31 members in both 1994 and 1995. Twenty five members(80%) representing 20 hospitals responded. An average of four hundred and seventy four cases pediatric surgical operations were performed at individual institution in 1995 with 40 newborn cases. Eighteen members(72%) are currently working at university hospital. Fourteen institutions(70%) are currently classified as tertiary by the health insurance agency. The majority(15 to 60%) of members are working in the metropolitan Seoul area, while five in Taegu area. Sixteen members reported having the title of department head/director. Four members reported occasional non-pediatric surgical practice. Nine members out of 20 reported having independent pediatric surgical out-patient clinic before the establishment of the association(1985). Eight out of 15 members reported being appointed chief of pediatric surgery before 1985. In 20 institutions, 34 full time physicians(27 members, reportedly) are working in pediatric surgery. In regarding to pediatric surgical training, 16 members(64%) received an average of 16 months of training abroad, 5 members trained at home and abroad, and 4 from only at home. There are no differences in length of training periods in these groups. Twenty one members received their basic pediatric surgical training before 1985, the year of inauguration of the association. Twelve members received post-pediatric surgery refresher courses averaging 11 months' duration, after 2-11 years. Thirteen participants of this study belongs to the founding members of the association.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2018

Biochar is the carbon solid produced through the pyrolysis of a biomass from organic sources such as agricultural waste, animal manure, and sludge under limited or anaerobic conditions. Biochar has the effect of reducing greenhouse gases through the carbon sequestration method; additionally, biochar is known to function as a soil amendment. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the application of biochar on the growth characteristics of Chinese cabbage at Chungnam National University in Daejeon, Korea. The Chinese cabbage was grown for 50 days in a glasshouse in pots. A pruning branch was used to produce the bead and pellet forms of biochar through pyrolysis. The biochar was added to the soil at 0, 2, and 5% by weight. The Chinese cabbage with the 2% treatment of the bead form of biochar had the highest fresh weight ($149.43{\pm}15.92g\;plant^{-1}$) which was increased by 10% compared to the control ($136.91{\pm}31.46g\;plant^{-1}$). Moreover, for the 5% treatment of the bead form of biochar ($60.91{\pm}9.82g\;plant^{-1}$), the growth decreased by 57% compared to the control. As the content of the bead form of biochar increased, the shoot dry weight, leaf number, leaf length and lead width that appeared decreased. An increase in the total organic matter, Avail. $P_2O_5$, Ex. cation and EC was observed when the biochar content was increased. Our results support the application of 2% biochar in the bead form for increased growth of Chinese cabbage.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.537-554
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• 2006

유관속식물을 대상으로 2003년 4월부터 11월까지 조사한 결과, 조사지역내에 분포하는 식물은 95과 279속 392종 53변종 5품종등 총 450분류군으로 관찰되었다. 본 지역에서 조사된 451종류의 식물자원의 유용도를 분석한 결과 총 372종류의 자원식물이 분류되었으며, 식용자원(E)은 191종류(51.0%), 초지자원(P)은 181종류(48%), 약용자원(M)은 153종류(41.0%), 관상자원(O)은 54종류(14.0%), 목재자원(T)은 18종류(5.3%)의 순으로 나타났다. 한국특산식물은 10과 13속 13분류군으로 조사지역내 분포하는 총 450분류군 중 약 2.9%이며, 특정식물 중 III IV V등급 식물은 6과 6속 6분류군로 소산식물 450분류군의 약 1.3%로 나타났으며, 귀화식물은 11과, 22속, 25분류군으로 우리나라 전체 귀화식물 225종류의 11.1%이다.