• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.595-600
• /
• 2015

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that metformin possesses anticarcinogenic properties, and its use is associated with favorable outcomes in several cancers. However, it remains unclear whether metformin influences prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa) with concurrent type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to April 16, 2014 without language restrictions to identify studies investigating the effect of metformin treatment on outcomes of PCa with concurrent T2D. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the risk of recurrence, progression, cancer-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality. Summary relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Publication bias was assessed by Begg's rank correlation test. Results: A total of eight studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. We found that diabetic PCa patients who did not use metformin were at increased risk of cancer recurrence (RR, 1.20; 95%CI, 1.00-1.44), compared with those who used metformin. A similar trend was observed for other outcomes, but their relationships did not reach statistical significance. Funnel plot asymmetry was not observed among studies reporting recurrence (p=0.086). Conclusions: Our results suggest that metformin may improve outcomes in PCa patients with concurrent T2D. Well-designed large studies and collaborative basic research are warranted.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.239-251
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of education for prevention of child sexual abuse (rape, sexual assault, sexual harassment etc.) of children in elementary school students. Incidences of sexual abuse in Korea is ranked 3rd in the world. Sexual abuse of children, particularly, is one of the most serious crimes that affect both the victimized children and their family. The issue related to sexual abuse of children has been ignored, and there is a lack of systematic education to prevent sexual abuse of children either for children or their parents. Furthermore, lack of knowledge and poor attitude of teachers limit their capability to provide education for sexual abuse prevention to the children. The education for teachers may change their knowledge of the sexual abuse and their attitude toward it and improve their capability in helping children. 223 Korean elementary school students participated in this study. Research design was One group pretest-posttest design. The education given to the subjects included 4 hours through the multimedia CD-ROM on the prevention of child sexual abuse. The education program was developed based on a survey. School- aged- children, parents, and teachers were interviewed to reveal their educational needs based on their experiences related to sexual abuse. This program includes such as safety education, crisis management, resource person(s), and phone numbers of available hospital. Data was collected before, during and after the education was given to the subjects, to assess their knowledge and attitude toward child sexual abuse. Two instruments were used in this study. Using Cronbach's ALPHA validity and reliability of 2 instruments were tested. The analysis of the data was done with Window SPSS 10.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. The results of this analysis were as follows : 1. After education, the score of school nurses knowledge was higher than before(t= -4.677, p=0.000). 2. After education, the score of school nurses attitude was not higher than before (t=0.131, p=0.896). The findings from this study will provide an intervention strategy for prevention of sexual abuse in children.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.398-411
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of circuit weight training(CWT) on isokinetic muscle strength and body composition in elderly. The subjects who engaged in this experiment exercised at $40\%$ of 1-RM, 12 repetitions, followed by 15 sec as the subject moved to the each break training program which was consist of the circuit of 10 stations performed on 3 set a day, circuits 3 days a week during 10 weeks. The assessment of isokinetic factor was in concentric flexors and extensors of right and left knee joint. Tests were performed on the Cybex 770 Isokinetic Dynamometer and body composition were estimated the three parts of chest, abdomen and anterior thigh by using skinfold caliper, calculated the average and followed by Seri and Brozek way. Statistical analysis were performed using analysis of variance paired t-test, accepting level for all significant was above ${\alpha}=.05$ and ${\alpha}=.01$. Following is as a result of 10 weeks circuit weight training. 1. At the $60_{\circ}$ /sec, the right and left knee isokinetic concentric flexors and extensors peak torque increased significantly(p<.01). 2. At the $180_{\circ}$ /sec, the right and left knee isokinetic concentric flexors and extensors peak torque increased significantly(p<.01). 3. At the $60_{\circ}$ /sec, the right and left knee isokenetic concentric flexors and extensors average power increased significantly(p<.05, p<.01) and at the $180_{\circ}$ /sec, the right extensors didn't show any statistical significant. 4. At the $60_{\circ}$ /sec, the right and left knee Isokinetic concentric flexors and extensors total work increased significantly(p<.05, p<.01) but at the $180_{\circ}$ /sec right concentric flexors didn't show any statistical significant. 5. The body composition changed significantly(p<.01). These results suggest that 10 weeks circuit weight training increases the peak torque, average power, total work significantly and decreases the $\%$body fat significantly.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the most effective and comprehensible method for the assessment of resting scapular position (RSP) and pain level (PL) in unilateral shoulder pain (USP). Fifty volunteers with USP were involved in the study. Resting scapular assessments of the patients' pain sides (PS) and non-pain sides (NPS) were evaluated. The assessment tools for RSP are: 1) sternal notch (SN) to coracoid process (CP) distance 2) 3rd thoracic spinous process (T3S) to posterolateral angle of acromion (PLA) distance 3) scapular index 4) 8th thoracic spinous process (T8S) to inferior angle of scapular (IAS) distance 5) supine measurement of pectoralis minor (PM) distance 6) standing PM distance 7) PM index (PMI) and 8) PM pain. The paired t-test was used to compare PS and NPS in RSP. Pearson correlation analysis was used to confer a relationship between the PL and RSP. The results of this study indicated that: 1) all the variables between the PS and NPS for RSP were statistically significant(p<.05) and 2) the PMI showed the strongest relationship in the correlation analysis between RSP and PL(p<.05, r=.37). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between PMI and PL and it is suggested that an assessment tool using PMI to diagnose shoulder pain would be clinically effective.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.27 no.1 s.45
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 1994

The United States adopted DRG based prospective payment system (PPS) in order to control the inflation of health care costs. No study used statistical test while many studies reported the cost containing effect of the PPS. To study impacts of the PPS on the Medicare expenditure, this study set the following three hypotheses (1) The PPS decelerated the increase in the hospital expenditure (Part A), (2) the PPS accelerated the increase in the expenditure of outpatients and physicians (Part B), (3) the increase in total expenditure was decelerated inspite of the spill over (substitution) effect because saving in the Part A expenditure were greater than losses in the Part B expenditure. The dependent variables are per capita hospital expenditure, per capita Part B expenditure, and per capita total expenditure for the Medicare beneficiaries. An intervention analysis, which added intervention effect to the time series variation on the Box-Jenkins model, was used. The observations included 120 months from 1978 to 1987. The results are as follows : (1) The annual increase in the per capita Part A expenditure was $5.11 after the implementation of DRG where as that before the PPS had been $11.1. The effect of the reduction ($5.99) was statistically significient (t=-3.9). (2) The spill over (substitution) effect existed because the annual increase in the per capita Part B expenditure was accelerated by $1.73 (t=1.91) after the implementation of the PPS. (3) The increase in the total Medicare expenditure per capita was reduced by $4.26 (t=-2.19) because the spill over effect was less than cost savings in the Part A expenditure.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.28 no.12
• /
• pp.1096-1106
• /
• 1995

We experienced 7 cases of left single lung transplantation in 14 mongrel dogs and analyzed graft lung function by hemodynamics, blood gas analysis, chest X-ray, biopsy and perfusion lung scan. We performed right pulmonary artery cuff[PA cuff for analysis of graft lung function in 3 cases. The donor lungs were flushed with modified Euro-Collins solution[n=3 or low potassium dextran glucose solution[n=4 and preserved for 4 to 5 hours[n=4 or 24 hours[n=3 at 10o C and implanted to the dogs with similar weight . Assessment of left graft lung was done by occluding the right pulmonary artery for 10 minutes using PA cuff. Assessment for graft lung function was done immediately after an operation and after 3 days, 7days and 3 weeks postoperatively. Four dogs survived for 3days, 7days[2 cases and 3 weeks respectively. Other three dogs expired within 3 hours of reperfusion. Immediate perfusion scans of left lung in four survived dogs after reperfusion were 42.1%, 36% , 11% and 5.9% respectively, and another dog with 4.8% perfusion to left lung was dead due to left atrial thrombi after 3 hours reperfusion. In one case among three acute rejections follow-up perfusion scan was done on 3rd and 11th postoperative day and the result decreased from 36% perfusion immediate postoperatively to 21% and 15% respectively. Three expired dogs postoperatively couldn`t tolerate occlusion of right pulmonary artery with above 40 mmHg of mean pulmonary artery pressure. On the other hand, three survival dogs postoperatively tolerated occlusion of right pulmonay artery with less than 30 mmHg of mean pulmonary artery pressure. and one dog couldn`t tolerate same procedure immediate postopertively but in 2 hours reperfusion later tolerated with 29 mmHg of mean pulmonary artery pressure.In conclusion we couldn`t compare the effect of two flushing solutions but low potassium dextran glucose solution showed relatively safe preservation effect in cases with preservation of more than 20 hours. Also canine left single lung transplantation model with PA cuff indicated useful method for the assessment of graft lung function with effect of lung preservation.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.254-263
• /
• 2001

The Purpose of this study was to find out the effects of education for prevention of sexual abuse (rape, sexual assault, sexual harassment etc.) of children in kindergarten teachers. Incidences of sexual abuse in Korea is ranked 3rd in the world. Sexual abuse of children, particularly, is one of the most serious crimes that affect both the victimized children and their family. The issue related to sexual abuse of children has been ignored, and there is a lack of systematic education to prevent sexual abuse of children either for children or their parents in Korea. Furthermore, lack of knowledge and poor attitude of teachers limit their capability to provide education for sexual abuse prevention to the children. The education for kindergarten teachers may change their knowledge of the sexual abuse and their attitude toward it and improve their capability in helping children. 114 Korean kindergarten teachers participated in this study. Research design was one group pretest-posttest design. The education given to the subjects included 2 hours of lecture. The education program was developed based on a survey. Preschool-aged-children, parents, and teachers were interviewed to reveal their educational needs based on their experiences related to sexual abuse. This program includes such as safety education, crisis management, resource person(s), and phone numbers of available hospital. Data was collected before and after the education was given to the subjects, to assess their knowledge and attitude toward child sexual abuse. Two instruments were used in this study. Using Cronbach's ALPHA validity and reliability of 2 instruments were tested. The analysis of the data was done with Window SPSS 10.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. The results of this analysis were as follows : 1. After education, the score of kindergarten teachers knowledge was higher than before (t=-4.409, p=0.002). 2. After education, the score of kindergarten teachers attitude was higher than before (t=3.065, p=0.003). The findings from this study will provide an intervention strategy for prevention of sexual abuse in children.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.414-425
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify hospital nurses' recognition of the team system and the effectiveness of the team system as an organizational structure. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data from 247 general hospital nurses during 4 months in 2013. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and factor analysis with SPSS 18.0. program Results: There was no significant difference in nurses' recognition of team structure (t=2.06, p=.153) or effect of team structure (t=0.36, p=.549) according to use of team system. In hospitals with a team system, there were positive correlations between recognition of the effect of the team system and age (r=.25, p=.033), and total clinical career (r=.26, p=.012). In hospitals not using a team system, nurses' recognition of team structure as an organizational system (r=.31, p<.001), nurses' recognition of team structure, total (r=.30 p<.001) correlated significantly with the effects of team system. Conclusion: Results of this study provide a retrospection view of the team system in nursing organizational systems. The nursing team system's ultimate goal needs to be confirmed for complementary nursing care. Also, more studies on nurses' perceptions of, and effectiveness of the team system are necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.3982-3990
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to explore degree of childcare teacher's teacher efficacy and the factors influencing of self-esteem and job stress on teacher efficacy of those surveyed. A total of 280 childcare teacher in G do were surveyed. All of this data is analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple regression analysis with SPSS WIN/18.0. Teacher Efficacy according to general characteristics of those surveyed revealed significant difference in age, work experience, position, class age, and child parenting experience. Regression analysis showed 11.7% of variance in childcare teacher's teacher efficacy can by experience of dating with self-esteem and job stress. The fallow-up survey about various factors influencing childcare teacher's teacher efficacy is needed and teacher efficacy increasing mediation way are required.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.206-215
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting cardiovascular disease in middle-aged male workers. Methods: The participants were 137 male office workers over 40 years old and under 60 years old working in small- and medium-sized workplaces from three southern provinces of Korea. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires and health screening reports from the 2014 National Health Examination. The influencing factors included general characteristics of participants, anger expression style, and occupational stress. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis with SPSS 22.0. Results: The mean score of risk of cardiovascular disease was 6.73±4.69 and there were significant differences in exercise (t=2.13, p=.035) working time (t=-2.15, p=.034). Logistic regression analysis showed that, when adjusted for exercise and working time, the probability of becoming under a cardiovascular disease risk was 21% higher for those who anger-in (OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.02~1.44, p=.027) and 12% higher for those perceived occupational stress (OR=1.12, 95% CI=1.01~1.24, p=.030). Conclusion: The results suggest developing the strategies for middle-aged male workers to encourage exercise and to decrease occupational stress, as well as an appropriate anger expression style to improve holistic aspect of health considering their demographic characteristics.