• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 2018

Purpose: To determine impacts of psychological distress, gender role attitude, and housekeeping sharing on quality of life of gynecologic cancer survivors. Methods: Subjects completed questionnaires consisting of four measurements: FACT-G (ver. 4) for quality of life, anxiety and depression from SCL-90-R for psychological distress, gender role attitude, and housekeeping sharing. A total of 158 completed data sets were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 21.0 program. Results: Quality of life was significantly and negatively correlated with psychological distress (r=-0.64, p<.001), but not with gender role attitude (r=-0.14, p=.820) or housekeeping sharing (r=0.08, p=.350). Psychological distress was significantly and positively correlated with gender role attitude (r=0.25, p<.010). Factors that significantly impacted quality of life were type of cancer (t=2.27, p=.025), number of treatment methods (t=2.58, p=.011), education level (t=3.33, p<.001), and psychological distress (t=-9.96, p<.001). Conclusion: Nursing interventions that can relieve psychological distress need to be developed for gynecologic cancer survivors. Nurses need to put priority on ovarian cancer survivors who have low education level with multiple treatment methods when performing nursing interventions to improve the quality of life of gynecologic cancer survivors.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.88-97
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of a physical activity program on the physical fitness in persons with intellectual disabilities. Methods: The study design was an equivalent control group pre-post test. The treatment group received ths physical activity program five times per week for 20 weeks. Data were collected from the treatment group at two time points: Week 1 and Week 20 following the initiation of the treatment protocol. Data were collected from the control group at the ends of week 1 and Week 20. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS v.21.0 software program. Results: The experimental group showed a significant reduction of physical fitness: basic of physical fitness (t=-2.07, p=.041), flexibility (t=2.25, p=.027), muscular strength (t=2.70, p=.009), agility (t=-3.35, p=.001), except for sense of balance (t=-0.91, p=.368), while control group showed no change in these variables. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the physical activity program has proved to be a stable and physically active intervention program for physical activity in intellectually disabled persons.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1628-1633
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• 2000

Objective : The incidence of primary CNS lymphoma(PCNSL) has been increasing recently. The purpose of this study is to establish of prognostic factors and treatment options for PCNSL. Methods : Thirty-one PCNSL patients were treated in our institute between 1985 and 1997. All patients were histologically confirmed via stereotactic biopsy or open biopsy. The authors retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics of PCNSL and prognostic factors, including histological cell types, immunohistological cell types and treatment options of PCNSL. Our data were statistically analyzed using Kaplan Meier survival curve and multivariated ANOVA test. Results : The clinical and radiological characteristics of PCNSL were resembled to those of other reports. The most common histological subtype was diffuse large cell type(55.5%). In immunohistolgical study, the incidence of T-cell lymphoma(35.7%) was very higher than that of others. The radiotherapy could prolonged patients' survival(p=0.021). One-year and 3-year survival rate of PCNSL were 66.9% and 45.9%, respectively. One-year survival rate of B cell and T cell lymphoma were 72.7% and 50.0%, respectively. The patients with B-cell lymphoma showed better prognosis than patients with T-cell lymphoma(p=0.049). Conclusion : On the basis of our data, active radiotherapy could prolong patients' survival. the T-cell lymphoma revealed higher incidence than those of other reports and had poor prognosis than that of B cell lymphoma.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2011

Introduction: The characteristics of oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and the treatment results were reviewed to determine the appropriate treatment strategies. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 140 patients diagnosed and treated for oral tongue SCC at Yonsei University Health System from January 1995 to December 2004 were reviewed. For statistic analysis, the survival rate was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method with SPSS version 12.0, and the difference in survival rates was evaluated using a log-rank test. Results: The mean age of the patients with oral tongue SCC patients was 55 (19-85 years old). According to the T, N and pathologic stage, the patients were distributed from a higher to a lower incidence of cases, as follows: T2 (46.4%), T1 (37.9%), T4 (8.5%), and T3 (7.1%); N0 (65%), N1 (20.7%), N2 (13.6%), and N3 (0.7%); and stage I (31.4%), stage II(25.7%), stage IV (22.2%), and stage III (20.7%). Local and regional recurrence and distant metastasis was present in 13.6%, 5% and 4.2% of patients, respectively. The five-year survival rate was 72.2%, and the prognostic factors for oral tongue SCC included neck metastasis, pathologic stage of the disease, cell differentiation, treatment modality, neck dissection as part of the treatment plan, and neck node recurrence. Discussion: It is suggested that ipsilateral neck dissection or bilateral neck dissection should be selected as a treatment of tongue SCC patients with advanced stage.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2013

This work attempted to fabricate organic/inorganic nanocomposite by combining organic cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), isolated by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation of native cellulose with inorganic nanoclay. The morphology and dimension of CNFs, and tensile properties and thermal stability of CNF/clay nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), tensile test, and thermogravimetry (TG), respectively. TEM observation showed that CNFs were fibrillated structure with a diameter of about $4.86{\pm}1.341nm$. Tensile strength and modulus of the hybrid nanocomposite decreased as the clay content of the nanocomposite increased, indicating a poor dispersion of CNFs or inefficient stress transfer between the CNFs and clay. The elongation at break increased at 1% clay level and then continuously decreased as the clay content increased, suggesting increased brittleness. Analysis of TG and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curves of the nanocomposites identified two thermal degradation peak temperatures ($T_{p1}$ and $T_{p2}$), which suggested thermal decomposition of the nanocomposites to be a two steps-process. We think that $T_{p1}$ values from $219.6^{\circ}C$ to $235^{\circ}C$ resulted from the sodium carboxylate groups in the CNFs, and that $T_{p2}$ values from $267^{\circ}C$ to $273.5^{\circ}C$ were mainly responsible for the thermal decomposition of crystalline cellulose in the nanocomposite. An increase in the clay level of the CNF/clay nanocomposite predominately affected $T_{p2}$ values, which continuously increased as the clay content increased. These results indicate that the addition of clay improved thermal stability of the CNF/clay nanocomposite but at the expense of nanocomposite's tensile properties.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2001

Bioequivalence of two acetyl-1-carnitine tablets, test product (Carnitile tablet: Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and reference product (Nicetil $e^{R}$ tablet: Dong-A Pharm. Co., Ltd.), was evaluated according to the guide- lines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty-six healthy volunteers were divided randomly into two groups and administered the drug orally at the dose of 500 mg as acetyl-1-carnitine in a 2$\times$2 crossover study. Blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals for 12 hours and the plasma concentration of acetyl-1-carnitine was determined using HPLC by derivatization with p-bromophenacyl bromide. The pearmacokinetic parameters (AU $C_{0-}$12h/ $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameters. The apparent differences of these parameters between two drugs were less than 20% (i.e., 1.26,-5.08 and 8.59% for AU $C_{0-}$12h/ $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively). The powers (1-$\beta$) for AU $C_{0-}$12h/ $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, and Tmax were over 0.9. Minimal detectable difference ($\Delta$) at $\alpha$=0.05, 1-$\beta$=0.8 were less than 20% (i.e.,7.31, 14.88 and 11.77% for AU $C_{0-}$12h/ $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively). The confidence intervals ($\delta$) for these parameters were also within $\pm$ 20% (i.e.,-3.03$\leq$$\delta$$\leq$5.54, -13.80$\leq$$\delta$$\leq$3.64 and 1.69$\leq$$\delta$$\leq$15.48 for AU $C_{0-}$12h/ $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively). These results satisfied the criteria of KFDA guideline for bioequivalence, indicating Carnitile bioequivalent to Nicetil $e^{R}$ .TEX>$^{R}$ .> R/ . R/ .

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.60-66
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• 2017

The standard master curve (MC) approach has the major limitation because it is only applicable to homogeneous datasets. In nature, materials are macroscopically inhomogeneous and involve scatter of fracture toughness data due to various deterministic material inhomogeneity and random inhomogeneity. RPV(reactor pressure vessel) steel has different fracture toughness with varying distance from the inner surface of the wall due to cooling rate in manufacturing process; deterministic inhomogeneity. On the other hand, reference temperature, $T_0$, used in the evaluation of fracture toughness is acting as a random parameter in the evaluation of welding region; random inhomogeneity. In the present paper, four regions, the surface, 1/8T, 1/4T and 1/2T, were considered for fracture toughness specimens of KSNP (Korean Standard Nuclear Plant) SA508 Gr. 3 steel to investigate deterministic material inhomogeneity and random inhomogeneity. Fracture toughness tests were carried out for four regions and three test temperatures in the transition region. Fracture toughness evaluation was performed using the bimodal master curve (BMC) approach which is applicable to the inhomogeneous material. The results of the bimodal master curve analyses were compared with that of conventional master curve analyses. As a result, the bimodal master approach considering inhomogeneous materials provides better description of scatter in fracture toughness data than conventional master curve analysis. However, the difference in the $T_0$ determined by two master curve approaches was insignificant.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.313-321
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• 2009

This paper describes the downlink design of a transportable small-sized KOMPSAT ground station using sub-carrier signal. Based on the analysis of the transmission modes of satellite real-time telemetry and range measurement signals, the downlink channel design of KOMPSAT ground station using sub-carrier signal was processed. By considering the threshold signal-to-noise ratio of real-time 2 kbps telemetry signal and the required signal-to-noise ratio for satellite range measurement, the small-sized KOMPSAT downlink channel with G/T value of 6.5 dB/K was designed. The real G/T of implemented ground station was proven to be 6.62 dB/K when measured using the Sun. Moreover, through interface test with KOMPSAT, the ground station has shown the required link performance for real-time telemetry acquisition using sub-carrier and was consequently evaluated to be adequate for a transportable small-sized KOMPSAT ground station.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2024

High temperature co-electrolysis of H₂O-CO₂ mixtures using solid oxide cells has attracted attention as promising CO₂ utilization technology for production of syngas (H₂/CO), feedstock for E-fuel synthesis. For direct supply to E-fuel production such as hydrocarbon and methanol, the outlet gas ratio (H₂/CO/CO₂) of co-electrolysis should be controlled. In this work, current voltage characteristic test and product gas analysis were carried out under various reaction conditions which could attain proper syngas ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.131-142
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• 2024

To analyze the preloading effects and the load distribution ratio between existing piles and reinforcing piles during vertical extension remodeling, pilot tests were conducted. Previous studies on load distribution typically involved small-scale experiments or numerical simulations. The stiffness of piles used in load distribution designs is often estimated using empirical formulas, which exhibit significant variability. In this study, steel reinforcing piles were installed adjacent to existing PHC piles at an apartment construction site. The actual stiffness of the individual piles was determined through static load tests and compared with empirical formula predictions. The pilot tests (full-scale load-distribution tests), applying column loads simultaneously to the existing and reinforcing piles, demonstrated that column loads are distributed based on the stiffness ratio of each pile. The pilot test outcomes were further compared with long-term measurement data. A smart preloading system was developed in this study to address the preloading loss observed in previous systems, and its applicability was validated through full-scale tests.