• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2003

In this technical information, the long-term measurement data at Gosan between 1992 and 2001 are analyzed with various statistical methods. First. it was confirmed that the basic assumption of t-test is important to classify data correctly. Second, it was founded that the difference of the number of data per month can affect the averaged concentration. Third, by using a non-parametric statistical method long term trend of aerosol composition free from seasonal effects is obtained.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2004

We exposed juvenile puffer fish, Takifugu obscurus(30 days after hatching) to various aqueous pollutants including 4 kinds of inorganic metals (Ag, Cd, Cu and Hg), 2 organotin compound.; (tributyltin ［TBT］ and triphenyltin［TPhT］) and 5 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds (chrysene, fluoranthene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) to estimate median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of each pollutant after the 96-hour acute exposure. Among the inorganic metals, Hg (52 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L; 96-h LC50) was most toxic to test animals and followed by Ag (164 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L), Cu (440 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) and Cd (1180 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L). Aqueous TBT was more toxic between the two organotins; the 96-h LC50 for TBT (5.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) was 3 times lower than that of TPhT (17.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L). The acute toxicity of PAH compounds was highest for chrysene (1.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L; 96-h LC50) and decreased in the order of pyrene (65 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) > fluoranthene (158 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) > phenanthrene (432 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) > naphthalene (8690 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L). The toxicity of PAH compounds wat closely related to their physico-chemical characteristics such as $K_{ow}$ and water solubility, and well explained by simple QSAR relationship. The sensitivity of puffer fish to various inorganic and organic pollutants was generally comparable to various fish species widely used as standard test species in previous studies and further evaluation should be conducted to develop adequate testing procedure for T. obscurus when used in various toxicity tests.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.174-182
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to verify the educational effects of career guidance classes, which are now included in regular course offerings by universities. To this end, the self-efficacy of college students regarding career decisions and their degree of career maturity was measured as effect variables. The subjects of the study included 33 sophomores who took 15 weeks of career guidance classes provided by four-year universities. Pretest-posttest design and the paired t-test were conducted for verifying the differences before and after taking career guidance courses. According to the results of the analysis, first, university students' self-efficacy in career decision-making was higher after taking the career guidance courses, indicating a statistically significant difference. Second, the t-value for the difference before and after taking the career guidance courses was indicating that there was a slight statistically significant improvement. These results are meaningful in that they proved that career guidance courses in higher education had the educational effects of improving self-efficacy in career path decisions and the career maturity of college students.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.5-14
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare body image, depression, and climacteric symptoms among middle-aged women with and without thyroidectomy. Method: The research design was a comparative descriptive study using a self-report questionnaire. A total of 102 women aged 40~59 years were recruited using a convenient sampling method. A total of 52 women out of 102 were within a year after thyroidectomy due to benign disease. The rest of the subjects were healthy women without any previous diseases in thyroid. The instruments included Body Image Concern Inventory, Climacteric symptoms, and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2$-test, one-way ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Results: There were no significantly differences in age, education, menstruation states between women with and without thyroidectomy. The demographic characteristics of two groups were homogeneous. There were significantly statistical differences in body image (t= 8.456, p=.000), and depression (t=3.142, p=.002) between the groups. There was, however, no significantly differences of climacteric symptoms. In addition, in women with thyroidectomy, no significant associations were found among body image, depression, and climacteric symptoms. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated the need to develop an effective nursing intervention to increase body image and to reduce depression in middle-aged women after thyroidectomy.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.84-96
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to find whether the educational program contributed to the increase of caring confidence and rearing attitude of the newborn mothers. The subjects for this study were 40 newborn mothers-20 control group and 20 experimental group-who delivered a normal neonate and were gotten general informations from the nurses at the K medical center in Seoul. Especially, the experimental group was educated for 30-40 minutes in maternal educational program through lectures, demonstrations, discussion with textbooks and visual materials by a researcher at 2-3 days after delivery. The data were collected two times-at 2-3 days after delivery and at 4 weeks after discharge-from October, 1998 to January, 1999 by investigators interviewing with a structured questionnaire. Pharis(1978)'s self confidence scale was used after some modification to measure caring confidence and Cohler's maternal attitude scale to check mother's rearing attitude. Analysis of data was done by using of frequency, %, x²-test, Independent sample t-test. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The Confidence of the experimental group was significant higher than the control group (t=2.519, p=.016) and the rearing attitude changed more positively(t=5.545, p=.000). 2. In the confidence scale, the statements having a significant change were holding a baby, changing diapers, feeding, and caring umblicus. 3. In the rearing attitude scale, the statements having a significant change were 12 of 20 statements.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.35-47
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• 2020

Objectives: This study is a descriptive research study conducted to grasp the Prediction factors of the sexual violence experience of college students. Methods: A convenience sampling was performed for 500 students from one college located in Gyeongsangbuk-do, who agreed to the purpose of this study. Data collection was conducted from October 5, 2015, to October 23, 2015, by filling out the self-report questionnaire. Among the 450 subjects excluding those with missing values, a questionnaire of dating violence experience was applied to 317 college students who answered that they had a friend of the opposite sex, and variables and prediction factors related to dating violence experiences were identified. The statistical methods used were descriptive statistics, x²-test, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: As a result of the study, the experience of sexual behavior before entering college (𝑥²=6.52, p=.011), experience of sexual violence damage before entering college(p=.045), the experience of sexual assault before entering college (p=.007) and experience of school violence damage(p=.002) were variables related to the sexual violence experience of college students. School violence victimization (OR=4.831, p=.007) and controlling dating partners (OR=1.349, p<.001) were predictors of dating sexual violence. Dating sexual violence experience group were compared to dating sexual violence non-experience group, the relative degree of controlling dating partners was high (t=4.25, p<.001) and had a traditional gender role attitude (t=2.94, p=.004). and there was a positive correlation (r=.358, p<.001) between controlling dating partners and gender role attitude. Conclusions: In order to prevent sexual violence on dating among college students, it is expected that more effective health education results will emerge if the contents of the school-age school violence victimization experience and the control of dating partners, which are predicted factors of sexual violence on dating, are included in the sexual violence prevention program.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.236-247
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• 2012

Purpose: Purposes of this study were: evaluation of family burden of caring for elders who receive long term care services, and examination of differences in burden before and after the introduction of long term care service in Korea. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 416 caregivers of elders who were registered with the Long Term Care Insurance Corporation in six cities. Data were collected in September, 2010 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and ANOVA with the Scheffe test, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Family burden decreased significantly after longterm care service was initiated. Subjective burden decreased from 2.93 to 2.69 (t=11.78, $p$<.001), and objective burden, from 3.40 to 3.10 (t=12.73, $p$<.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that factors affecting subjective burden were family relations (F=13.60, $p$=.003), age (F=5.47, $p$=.019), job (F=6.98, $p$=.008), and education (F=4.59, $p$=.032), and that factors affecting objective burden were living together (F=17.66, $p$<.001), job (F=13.34, $p$=.003), monthly income (F=6.61, $p$=.010), and type of service (F=6.62, $p$=.010). Conclusion: The results of this first study to investigate caregiver burden after the Korean Long-term Care Insurance System was begun provide positive information for the development of strategies to decrease family burden in long term care.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1612-1619
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• 2013

This study is to investigate on the influence of mental health and job satisfaction on perceived job stress of financial companies. The subjects of research were total 132 working at the financial company in T and J city Gangwon Province from September 20 to October 15, 2012. The survey instrument used was 43-item scale for evaluating financial worker KOSS and 18-item scale for mental health, 12-item scale for job satisfaction. Data was analyzed by using SPSS Win17.0 program, ANOVA, t-test, pearson's correlation coefficient, Multiple regression analysis. In a comparison of factors of Job stress and mental health demonstrated positive correlation and showed significantly. Job satisfaction demonstrated negative correlation and showed significantly. Also, for the financial workers solve the Job stress and support positive significant in there's job satisfaction, it need to nursing intercession to supply more better service and financial environment.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.78-87
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the intentions and influencing factors of intentions to care for New Influenza A ($H_1N_1$) patient Methods: This study involved a descriptive design using self-administered questionnaire. Intentions to care for H1N1 patient was evaluated by prediction tool, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with a Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: The level of intention was high, attitude was negative, subjective norm was high, and perceived behavioral control was moderate. The general regression model with intention as a dependent variable was statistically significant (F=39.31, p<.001). 28.1% of variance in intention was explained by subjective norm (t=8.75, p<.001), and perceived behavioral control (t=4.28, p<.001). Among the predictors, subjective norm had the greatest effect on intention (${\beta}=.44$). The nurse with the higher subjective norm and more positive perceived behavioral control reported the higher intention. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested that the various aspects of nurse's characteristics should be considered when establishing strategies to improve the nurse's intention for care of infectious disease.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.98-106
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate what effect providing the hospice care team with hospice education programs had on the death orientation. The subjects of study were 28 volunteers. 14 nurses. 30 clergies who registered on hospice education programs from Aug. 6th. 1996 to May 20th. 1997. The data were analysed by descriptive analysis. ANOVA. Duncan test. paired t-test. The results of the study can be summarized as follows ; 1. The degrees of death orientation were 85.70 in volunteers group. 84.31 in nurses group. and 73.00 in clergies group. So. clergies group has more positive death orientation than others(F=6.33. p=. 000). The degree of death orientation showed significant differences between age groups(F=5.78. p =.002). and religiosity(t=3.92. p=.000). There were no significant differences between the degree of death orientation and the others general characteristics of subjects. 2. The mean of death orientation was 80.04 before hospice education programs. but was 75.56 after hospice education programs(t= 3.92. p= .000). In conclusion. the subjects who received the hospice education programs showed the positive change in the degree of the death orientation. Therefore. it has been judged that education programs has been prerequisite in positive death orientation for hospice care. Furthermore. all of the hospice care members those who complete the hospice education program. will be performed efficient hospice care intervention for dying patients and their families.