• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.7925-7933
• /
• 2015

This study is nonequivalent control group pre/post-experiment research on stroke risk group to examine the effect of primary stroke prevention program on knowledge of stroke, stroke symptom coping behavior and self-management. The study was conducted from August 1 to 24, 2014 and the study data were collected form 19 subjects in the experiment group and 17 in the control group, who were registered with 2 community health centers in city S, province G. The experiment group followed the program developed by the researcher for 1 hour per session, twice a week for 4 weeks. The control group did not follow the program. For this study data analysis, the frequency, percentage, chi-squared and paired t-test were employed. After following the primary stroke prevention program, the knowledge of stroke was found to show no difference in scores between the two groups before and after the intervention (t=1.02, p=.315) whereas significant differences were found in stroke symptom coping behavior (t=2.51, p=.017) and self-management (t=2.32, p=.026). This study found positive effect of the primary stroke prevention program on stroke risk group's stroke symptom coping behavior and self-management but no effect on knowledge of stroke. Follow-up replication study will be necessary.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2008

Perpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of death between Korean and Chinese nursing students. And it will help develop curriculum for preparing death, the quality of hospice care, as well as nursing education and practice. Methods: Data was collected from 492 nursing students participated(248 Korean and 244 Chinese) by questionnaire designed for examining Death Orientation (Thorson & Powell, 1988). They were analyzed using Cronbach's Alpha coefficients, factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA and regression analysis (SPSS; win 12.0 version) Results: More than half of the Korean nursing students followed a religion (58.5%) while the majority of Chinese nursing students did not follow a religion (93.9%). In the view of the afterlife, nursing students in China had two views. 'I really don't know what happens after a person dies (30.3%)' and ‘There is no afterlife and death is the end (29.5%)’. On the other hand the Korean nursing students’ answer were, 'After dying, a person goes to heaven or hell (27.3%)' and 'I really don't know what happens after a person dies. (22.9%)' The study also found that the average of 25 items in Death Orientation is 2.36points of nursing students in Korea and 2.50points of nursing students in China. This means that the concern, anxiety and fear were of the middle level for the Chinese Students and were higher than Korean students (t=3.51, p=.000). In the low factor of death orientation, those in Korea had higher 'anxiety of burden to family' than those in China (t=-3.50, p=.001). The nursing students in China had higher 'anxiety of the unknown (t=4.96, p=.000)', 'fear of suffering (t=6.88, p=.000), 'fear of extinction body and life (t=5.20, p=.000), 'fear of lost self-control(t=2.12, p=.034)', and 'anxiety of future existence and nonexistence (t=2.33, p=.020)' than those in Korea. There was no statistically significant difference for the 'concern of body and fear of identity lost' category. The death orientation of Korean nursing students had statistically significant differences according to age (t=3.20, p=.002), religion (t=2.56, p=.011), and afterlife (F=4.64, p=.000). The contribution of Death Orientation had a statistically significant difference, the afterlife variable (0.735, p=0.001). The death orientation of Chinese nursing students did not have any statistically significant differences. Conclusion: In conclusion, there were differences in death orientation between Korean and Chinese nursing students. In particular, those who believed in afterlife showed acceptance of death. The results of this study suggest that nursing curricula should include education program on death and spiritual nursing. Additional studies are needed to establish death education in China with careful considerations on Chinese policies, cultures and social systems.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 2008

This study is to evaluate the property for the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures using anti-stripping agent. Asphalt mixtures using lime, hydrated lime and liquid anti-stripping agent are evaluated through the three types of modified moisture conditioning($H_c$, V_s$, F-T). Indirect Tensile Test, that is recommended by AASHTO TP-9, which includes creep test, resilient modulus test and strength test is used to estimate moisture susceptibility. Analysis method through Energy Ratio(ER) that is proposed by Roque at University of Florida is used to evaluate moisture susceptibility and moisture resistance effects of asphalt mixtures using anti-stripping agent. As a test result, material property of asphalt mixtures was changed by moisture conditioning methods and the types of anti-stripping agent. Also, cracking resistance of accumulated moisture damage was changed by moisture conditioning methods and the types of anti-stripping agent. Based on test result, it was found that cracking resistance using Energy Ratio was differed from 10% to 30%.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.163-172
• /
• 2005

Purpose: This study is to identify the effect of a death education program to the nursing students on their anxiety of death and attitudes toward nursing care of the dying. Methods: The design of this study is nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of experimental group 20 and control group 16 in senior grade of department of Nursing G university in J city. The experimental group had Death education Program, which was a three days per week program, for 2 weeks. And post-test was carried out in the same way as the pre-test. Data analysis was done using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test, t-test, paired Sample t-test using with SPSS win 10.0. Results: the experimental group was decreased in degree of anxiety of death and was improved in degree of positive attitudes toward nursing care of the dying. Conclusion: The death Education Program can be an effective nursing education program for their Nursing students to decrease their death anxiety and to prepare care of the dying.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.59 no.3
• /
• pp.271-280
• /
• 2021

Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the patient's occlusion and a cracked tooth by using T-scan occlusal analysis and a quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology. Materials and methods. This study was carried out on 51 patients having cracked teeth between January, 2019 and December, 2020. The tooth crack was determined with a Q-ray pen and QLF parameters (ΔF_max and ΔR_max) were obtained by a Q-ray software. T-scan tests were conducted to all subjects and then, the occlusal force and disclosing time were analyzed. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare the occlusal force and disclosing time between cracked teeth groups and contra-lateral normal teeth groups (α = .05). Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare ΔF_max and ΔR_max according to the results of cold/bite tests (α = .05). A Spearman correlation analysis was run to determine the relationship between ΔF_max or ΔR_max and occlusal force or disclosing time (α=.05). Results. The mean occlusal force and disclosing time were significantly higher on cracked teeth than on normal teeth (P < .05). The ΔF_max or ΔR_max were not significantly different according to the results of cold/bite tests (P > .05). There was no correlation between ΔF_max or ΔR_max and occlusal force or disclosing time (P > .05). Conclusion. There was a significant relationship between occlusion and cracked tooth syndrome. QLF has the potential to be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of tooth crack in clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.8
• /
• pp.485-494
• /
• 2020

Club activities play an important role for college students in adapting to their college life. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the effects of club activities on the communication skills and self-leadership of nursing students. Convenience sampling method was applied for 147 students enrolled in the nursing department of university in D city, of which 119 subjects participated in club activities. Data was collected from October 15 to November 30, 2019, and analyzed by applying 𝑥² test, t-test, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis, using the IBM SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Results: Communication skill and self-leadership were above the middle level. Depending on the club activities, significant differences were obtained for grade (𝑥²=8.07, p=0.045), major satisfaction (𝑥²=8.26, p=0.010), and communication skill and behavior-focused strategies (t=4.48, p=0.036). Factors affecting communication skill were behavior-focused strategies, constructive thought pattern strategies, and activeness amongst club activities. Therefore, the numerous club activity experiences of subjects helped improve the communication skill which, in turn, helps improve self-leadership. Our study indicates the necessity to seek an educational strategy that encourages active club activities of nursing students, for improving the core competencies of professional nurses, encompassing communication skills and self-leadership.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.231-247
• /
• 2016

This study, according to the amendment of the Act on External Audit, on the basis of the number of input auditors, the content of auditing, and audit times as additional informations, calculates the average of the samples listed companies with assets of one hundred billion KRW. However, since the actual number of the subject corporations of which asset is 100 billion KRW is small, it is difficult to extract data with reference to this asset size. Therefore, the samples were extended to 50 corporations of which asset is 10% less than 100 billion KRW and other 50 more corporations of which asset is 10% more than 100 billion KRW. As a result, a total of 100 corporations were included as samples. To calculate the average of the audit times, a t-test was performed between the two groups. The result of the t-test showed that there is not a significant difference between the two groups. According to the analytical results of the t-test, the average of the number of input auditors and the average of audit times were calculated with respect to all the 100 samples. A further analysis showed that the average of audit content in the present study was compared with the estimated values in the study of Mun (2016). Although the results of this study may not be the optimal number, they may be used as a fundamental index which may be compared with the audit times and the audit fees in the current audit market where there is not an available reference. In addition, the amendment of the Act on External Audit may enhance the independence of auditors and the transparency of accounting system when compared with the previous system where only the total audit times were disclosed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.358-365
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of self-esteem and communication skills on empathy in junior college students. A total of 253 students from a participated in the study. The data for the study were collected from March 11-21, 2019 via a questionnaire. Analyses including descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis were performed. Based on the general characteristics of the participants, the study results were as follows. Statistically significant differences were found in self-esteem depending on major, economic status, family relationship, and satisfaction with major. There were statistically significant differences in communication skills depending on major, family relationship, and satisfaction with major. Statistically significant differences were found in empathy depending on gender, academic year, major, and religion. There were positive correlations between self-esteem and communication skills, self-esteem and empathy, and communication skills and empathy. Furthermore, in terms of variables affecting empathy, 27.1% of the variation in empathy was explained by communication skills and gender. Based on these results, it is recommended that an effectual program is designed and applied to improve communication skills in order to enhance empathy in junior college students.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2002

An Aquifer test was carried out on five boreholes to determine the hydrologic anisotropy and the major groundwater flow direction in the aquifer system of the study area. With an assumption of the aquifer's anisotropy and homogeneity, the major transmissivity(T(equation omitted)), the minor transmissivity( $T_{ηη}$ ), and primary tensor direction ($\theta$) for each borehole were determined from the test. Besides the boreholes BH-1, BH-4 and BH-5, the anisotropy transmissivity tensor values of BH-2 and BH-3 did not correspond with the assumption. Thereafter the values were plotted on the polar coordinate, and showed that the tensor values were out of the anisotropy ellipsoid due to the high heterogeneity of BH-2 and BH-3 comparing with the other boreholes. Therefore. the anisotropy of the aquifer was examined from BH-1, BH-4. and BH-5. In BH-1, T(equation omitted) is 171.9 $\m^2$/day. $T_{ηη}$ is $71.01\m^2$/day, and the principal tensor direction is Nl5.39$^{\circ}$E. In BH-4. T(equation omitted) is $268.2 \m^2$/day, $T_{ηη}$ / is $28.75\m^2$/day and the principal tensor direction is N7.55$^{\circ}$E. In BH-5, T(equation omitted) is $168.4\m^2$/day, $T_{ηη}$ is 66.80 $\m^2$/day, and the principal tensor direction is $N76.59^{\circ}$E. On the basis of teleview logging performed on each borehole. the principal fracture directions were revealed as $N0^{\circ}$~4$^{\circ}$E/$30^{\circ}$~$50^{\circ}$SE and $N30^{\circ}$~$80^{\circ}$W/$20^{\circ}$~$50^{\circ}$NE that are the most frequently occurred sets as well as that correspond well with the calculated transmissivity tensor.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.597-610
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to inquiry of influence of Meister high school and specialized vocational high school' students on career maturity in problem solving ability domain of test for enhanced employ ability & upgraded proficiency. Research subjects and region were sophomore students of each one of Meister high schools and specialized vocational high schools in Gwangju region. The sample(N=481) was drawn from 2 high schools and collected data were analyzed with SPSS using t-test, Pearson correlation and Levene's test. Items of problem solving ability domain of test for enhanced employ ability & upgraded proficiency were used test items developed in 2012. Career maturity test in Careernet site was used test items developed in 2001 which was made up 3 domains such as attitude, ability and action and 8 sub-regions such as planning, attitude on the vocation, independence, self-understanding, rational decision-making, explore of information, knowledge of hope vocation and career exploration and preparation of action, and constituted 64 items. The results were as follows. Findings of the analysis in specialized vocational high school students demonstrated the positive results of rational decision-making and explore of information in problem solving ability test for enhanced employ ability & upgraded proficiency. Comparing career maturity influence on Meister high school with specialized vocational high school students about problem solving ability domain of test for enhanced employ ability & upgraded proficiency, Meister high school students' score were more high grade than specialized vocational high school students grade.