• 생물정신의학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.170-180
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• 1996

Lowered immune function in the senile dementia patients may be related to the abnormal metabolism of amyloid precursor protein(APP). To investigate the passibility of an abnormal metabolism of APP in lymphocytes and the possible role of APP in the activation of lymphocytes in senile dementia patients, immunohistochemical study of rat spleen and fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis(FACS) of human lymphocytes with the specific antigen far each lymphocyte and double fluorescent marker with antibody to APP were performed. After stimulating lymphocyte with phytohemagglutinin(PHA), APP mRNA and protein were extracted and quantitfied and the influence of ${\beta}$-amyloid protein($A{\beta}$) specific antibody on lymphocyte division was investigated. In spleen, the majority of cells showing $A{\beta}$ immunoreactivity was found in the T-sell dependent zone. FACS indicated that around 90% $CD_4(+)$ T-cells and 60% of $CD_8(+)$ T-sell were immunoreactive to $A{\beta}$ specific antibody(mAb 4G8). Northern blot analysis shows that lymphocyte APP mRNA was gradually increased to reach a maximum at 3 days after activation with lectin mitogen PHA. However, the $A{\beta}$ immunoreactivity an cell surface remained constant during stimulation with PHA, indicating that the release of APP(secreted farm of APP) might be increased. A very large increase in soluble APP secretion was observed in T-lymphocyte upon activation, but only law levels in the resting stale. Immunoblot was carried out an the protein obtained from cell lysate after stimulating lymphocyte by applying PHA to the cultured lymphocyte, and the result was that $A{\beta}$ band of immature farm under 116 KDa marker decreased as the duration of culture was increased after PHA stimulation. The monoclonal $A{\beta}$ specific(4G8) and polyclonal APP antibodies did not inhibit the [$^3H$]-thymidine uptake of mitogen-treated lymphocytes significantly, suggesting that mitogenesis can not be inhibited by specific $A{\beta}$ and polyclonal APP antibody. These results suggest that APP is expressed in T-cell and might be closely associated with the function of T-cells.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2021

노화가 진행될수록 활성산소종으로 인하여 피부 보습은 떨어지고 피부 장벽은 붕괴되어 피부가 손상된다. 본 연구에서는 인천 동막 해변에 서식하는 염생식물인 갯끈풀(Spartina anglica; SAE)과 갯메꽃(Calystegia soldanella; CSE)을 70% 에탄올(EtOH)로 추출하여 피부 보습 및 피부 장벽 기능 강화에 대한 효능을 평가하였다. 이 추출물들에 대한 피부 각질형성세포(HaCaT cell)에서 세포독성을 WST-8 assay를 이용하여, 세포 생존율이 90% 이상을 보이는 농도를 선별하여 추가 실험을 진행하였다. ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 통해 항산화 효과를 확인한 결과, SAE와 CSE는 높은 라디칼 소거능을 보였다. 피부 보습과 관련된 인자들인 filaggrin (FGL), aquaporin 3(AQP3), hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2)과 피부 장벽 기능과 연관 있는 transglutaminase 1 (TGM1)과 involucrin (INV)의 유전자 수준에서의 발현 변화를 측정한 결과, SAE에 의해 AQP3, HAS2, TGM1의 발현이 증가하였으나, CSE는 변화가 없는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. SAE에 의한 세포 내 신호전달 경로를 확인하기 위해 western blot 분석을 수행하였다. Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase의 활성이 SAE에 의하여 상향 조절되었음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 갯끈풀 추출물이 피부 보습 및 피부 장벽 기능 강화를 위한 화장품의 기능성 소재로 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.296-301
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• 1998

To investigate the effects of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng on mitogenic responses in macrophages and splenocytes from murine, we examined the effects of representative protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol ginsenosides ($Rb_1,\;Rb_2,\;Re\;and\;Rg_1$) on tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-(${\alpha}$) production in murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7 cells) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and T cell proliferation in splenocytes stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A). Among the ginsenosides tested, protopanaxadiol ginsenosides ($Rb_1\;and\;Rb_2$) significantly inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$ production in a dose-dependent manner. However, protoppanaxatriol ginsenosides (Re and $Rg_1$) showed little inhibitory activity. The molar concentrations of $Rb_1\;and\;Rb_2$ producing 50% inhibition ($IC_{50}$) of TNF-${\alpha}$ production were $55.8{\mu}g/ml\;(48.0{\mu}M)\;and\;31.8{\mu}g/ml (27.9{\mu}M)$, respectively. As a positive control, prednisolone also exhibited inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of $21.7{\mu}M$. In T cell proliferation, $Rg_1$, was not effective but $Rb_1$ and Re or $Rb_2$ significantly increased or inhibited at high concentration, 75 and $100{\mu}g/ml$. In contrast, prednisolone showed potent inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 6.1nM. These results suggest that ginsenosides may take part in the mitogen-induced signaling pathway for TNF-${\alpha}$ production and T cell proliferation from macrophages and splenocytes.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1995

The immune system is partially under the control of the sympathetic and parasymphathetic nervous systems through the regulatory feedback loop. Methamphetamine (MA) is a neurotoxic chemical which affects the neurotransmitter system. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunotoxic effect of MA on the major immune target organ and lymphocyte proliferation to the various mitogens. Female Balb/C mice, 15 to 20 g, were injected subcutaneously with 0, 0.5, or 5 mg MA/kg for 14 consecutive days. In MA treated mice, the body weight gain and relative spleen and thymus weight were decreased in doserelated manner. Histopathologically, there was a paucity of lymphold follicles and germinal centers in the spleen, and thymic cortical atrophy with lymphophagocytosis was prominent. Apoptosis also occurred in germinal centers of spleen and thymic cortex. The threshold and peak of lymphocyte proliferation at various concentration of mitogens showed similar patterns. However, the response to lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in the 5 mg MA/kg treated group showed threshold and peak proliferation at high concentration of mitogens (25${\mu}g$ LPS/ml for MA vs 15${\mu}g$ LPS/ml for control; 60${\mu}g$ PWM/ml for MA vs 45${\mu}g$ PWM/ml for control), which suggest that MA impairs T cell dependent-B cell function. This preliminary study indicated that MA affected the lymphold organs and immune function.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992

Brazilin, the main constitutent of Caesalpinia sappan, was examined for its immunomodulating activities in normal CBA mice. Mitogen induced proliferation and production of ConA induced T-cell growth factors (TCGF) of splenocytes were significantly reduced in brazilin treated group, cmpared to control group. It was also found that suppressor activities of splenocytes in brazilin treated group was significantly increased compared to those in normal control group.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1481-1486
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• 2009

The immunomodulating effect of Salicornia herbacea polysaccharides on BALB/c mice splenocytes was investigated. Crude (CS) and fine polysaccharide (PS) extracts with potential biological activity were prepared from S. herbacea. For in vitro experiments, splenocytes and separated T cells were treated with CS and PS (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL). For in vivo experiments, the CS and PS were orally administered to BALB/c mice every day for 2 weeks. For basic data analysis, physiological parameters were recorded. Cell proliferation of splenocytes and T cells was used as an index for immunomodulating activity. The proliferation of splenocytes and separated T cells was 3.2 and 3.5 times higher than the control, respectively. Moreover, when splenocytes were treated with mitogen, the highest proliferation rate was observed in splenocytes cultured with PS. Interestingly, the stimulative activity of PS was more strongly exerted through $CD4^+$ T cells than through $CD8^+$ T cells.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.924-933
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• 1999

This study investigated the effects of vitamin E supplementation on immune responses and antioxidant status in healthy Korean old and young women. Blood samples were obtained from 15 healthy old women (over 60 years old) and from 15 healthy young women(20 years old) before and 4 weeks after vitamin E( tocopherol acetate) supplementation(400IU/day). Daily nutrient intakes were calculated, and plasma vitamin E concentration, numbers and percentages of white blood cell and their subpopulation, percentages of lymphocytes and subpopulation, NK cell percentages, plasma immunoglobulin A, G, M and C3 concentration, proliferation of PMN with mitogen were measured. Also plasma TBARS concentration and radical scavenger activity of erythrocytes were investigated. Plasma vitamin E concentrations were significantly increased after supplementation in both groups. In elderly women, vitamin E supplementation restored the per centages of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils which had been out of normal ranges before supple mentation. And after vitamin E supplementation, helper T cell percentages significantly increased in elderly. Plasma immunoglobulin and complement C3 concentrations were not affected by vitamin E supplementation in both groups. PMN proliferations with mitogen were significantly lower in old women than in young women, and there was no effect of vitamin E supplementation. Vitamin E supplementation significantly decreased plasma TBARS concentrations in old and young women. RSA of erythrocytes was increased in both groups, but the statistical significant was only found in young women group. Therefore, these results suggest that the moderate vitamin E supplementation in old women improves immune responses, especially nonspecific immunity and cell mediated immunity, via protection of oxidant stress.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2018

Chrysoeriol은 alfalfa에서 주로 발견되는, 식물계에 많이 분포하고 있는 flavone으로 전통의학에서 소화불량, 천식, 비뇨기계 이상의 치료에 사용되어 왔다. 최근의 연구에서는 항염증 효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌으나 항산화 효과에 대한 분석은 없었다. 본 연구에서는 chrysoeriol의 항산화 효과와 그 분자적 기전을 RAW 264.7 cell에서 세포생존율, reactive oxygen species (ROS)와 Western blot분석을 통해 알아보고자 하였다. Chrysoeriol은 lipopolysaccharide(LPS)에 의해 발생한 ROS를 세포독성없이 농도의존적으로 제거하였다. 그리고 항산화효과를 보이는 2상 효소 중 하나인 heme oxygenase (HO)-1의 발현을 강하게 유도하였고, 그와 동시에 전사인자인 Nrf2의 핵내 이동도 촉진하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 특히, 산화스트레스에 대한 세포내 산화환원항상성 유지에 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 것으로 알려진 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)와 phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)의 분석결과, chrysoeriol은 extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)와 p38의 인산화를 통해 HO-1의 발현을 유도하는 것으로 나타났다. HO-1에 의한 항산화 효과를 확인하기 위하여 chrysoeriol을 전처리한 후 t-BHP에 의한 산화 스트레스에 세포를 노출시킨 결과, chrysoeriol 처리에 의해 세포사멸이 줄어드는 것을 확인하였고, HO-1의 유도제와 억제제의 처리에 따라 세포생존율 또한 조절되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, chrysoeriol은 HO-1의 발현을 유도하여 항산화 효과를 높이고 이것은 Nrf2/MAPK 신호전달 체계에 의한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.446-448
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the immunological effects of Hwanhonsan extract. Hwanhonsan administration into mice enhanced Arthus reaction and DTH to sheep erythrocytes, and NK cells activities. Hwanhonsan extract augmented the DNA synthesis of mitogen-activated lymphocytes. Hwanhonsan also stimulated leucocyte migration ability, MIF and IL-2 production of T lymphocytes, but not IL-6 production of B cells. These results suggested that effect of Hwanhonsan might be chiefly due to nonspecific enhancement of NK cell activities and cell mediated immune responses.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5805-5810
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• 2013

This study was conducted to analyze the molecular mechanisms responsible for anti-proliferation effects of glaucocalyxin A in cultured MCF-7 and Hs578T breast cancer cells. The concentration that reduced cell viability to 50% (IC50) after 72 h treatment was derived and potential molecular mechanisms of anti-proliferation using the IC50 were investigated as changes in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Gene and protein expression changes related to apoptosis were investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Involvement of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases and JNK signaling in regulation of these molecules was characterized by western blotting. Cell viability decreased in a concentration-dependent manner and the IC50 was determined as $1{\mu}M$ in MCF-7 and $4{\mu}M$ in Hs578T cell. Subsequently, we demonstrated that the GLA-induced MCF-7 and Hst578T cell death was due to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M transition and was associated with activation of the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. We conclude that GLA has the potential to inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer cells through the JNK pathway and suggest its application forthe effective therapy for patients with breast cancer.