• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2006

A strain of Pepper mottle virus (PepMov) was isolated from chili pepper plants in Korea. In host range study, this virus, designated PepMoV-SNU1, shared most characteristics with PepMoV isolates reported previously. Thermal inactivation point ($45^{\circ}C\;to\;75^{\circ}C$) and dilution end point ($10^{-1}\;to\;10^{-4}$) of PepMoV-SNU1 showed differences depending on the propagation hosts. Cylindrical and pinwheel-shaped inclusions were always observed in pepper leaf tissues infected with the virus alone. Unexpectedly, a special structure of pinwheel shaped inclusion surrounded with unknown small spots was also observed in the leaf section when co-infected with a strain of pepper mild mottle virus. The partial sequence of coat protein gene and 3' untranslated region of PepMoV-SNU1 showed 98% identity with those of other PepMoV isolates. A primer pair derived from 3' end of the coat protein gene and poly A tail regions were designed. Optimal detection condition of PepMoV-SNU1 by RT-PCR was tested to determine appropriate annealing temperature and additional volumes of oligo-dT (18-mer), dNTP, and Taq polymerase. Under the optimized condition, an expected 500 Up PCR-product was detected in pepper leaves infected with PepMoV-SNU1 but not in healthy plants.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.835-844
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• 2010

극단값 통계 분석의 도구로는 전통적인 연간 최대값 방법과 현대적인 분계점 방법, 그리고 분계점 방법을 개선한 변형체 등으로 분류할 수 있다. 연간 최대값 방법은 시계열자료의 연간 최대값들에 대하여 일반화극단값분포를 적합시키는 것이고, 분계점 방법은 충분히 큰 하나의 분계점을 넘어서는 초과값들의 초과여분들에 대하여 일반화파레토분포를 적합시키는 것이다. 분계점 방법의 한 변형체로서 본 논문에서는 분계점 방법에 추가적으로 초과값들의 전체 개수가 포아송분포를 따른다고 가정하는 포아송-GPD 방법을 다루고, 이를 1988.01.04부터 2009.12.31까지 수집된 서부텍사스산중질유의 현물가격 자료로부터 계산된 일일 상승율과 일일 하락율에 적용한다. 이에 따르면 일일 상승율과 일일 하락율의 분포는 정규분포와 달리 두터운 꼬리를 갖는 분포로 나타났는데, 이는 오늘날의 많은 금융 자료분석에서 나타나는 일반적인 현상과 잘 부합하는 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2006

Smoking is well known to be associated with increased indices of tree radical-mediated damage of DNA, indicating that smoking may exacerbate the initiation and propagation of oxidative stresses, which are potential underlying processes in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a daily regimen of green vegetable drink supplementation to smokers can be protective against endogenous lymphocytic DNA damage and whether it could enhance other antioxidant status. Twenty nonsmokers and nineteen smokers aged 23-60 were given 240 ml of green vegetable drink every day for 8 weeks in addition to their normal diet, and blood samples were drawn before and after the intervention. The 8 weeks of green vegetable drink consumption resulted in a significant decrease (p = 0.000, by paired t-test) in lymphocyte DNA damage expressed by TL (before: $63.13{\pm}1.05$ vs after: $37.86{\pm}10.83$, before: $66.73{\pm}1.24$ vs after: $36.51{\pm}1.13$), TM (before: $14.55{\pm}0.61$ vs after: $6.61{\pm}0.25$, before: $15.36{\pm}0.45$ vs after: $6.65{\pm}0.38$) and $\%$ DNA in tail (before: $19.7{\pm}0.41$ vs after: $16.6{\pm}0.37$, before: $20.6{\pm}0.31$ vs after: $17.1{\pm}0.5$) in both nonsmokers and smokers respectively. Vitamin C and TRAP level was not significantly changed after the supplementation. In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that green vegetable drink exert a cancer-protective effect partially via a decrease in oxidative damage to DNA.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 1979

This study was carried out using rats weighing $40{\sim}50\;g$ which were devided into seven groups with various diet compositions emphasizing fat levels of perilla seed oil for the period of 41/2 weeks. The levels of fat in the diet were 5%, 10%, 15% and animals were fed ad libitum. The results are as follows : 1) Yellow pjgmentation of both neck and tail was clearly observed in groups fed 10% and 15% level perilla seed oil without vitamin I supplementation (IV and VII). 2) The growth rate in groups fed 15% level perilla seed oil was reduced as compared to that in groups fed 5% or 10% level perilla seed oil. 3) The mean hematocrit values of 15% level perilla seed oil groups tended to be lower than those of control group, tut the differences were not significant. 4) The serum vitamin I concentration showed different value in various groups, the values of control group were significantly higher than those of perilla seed oil groups-15% level with or without vitamin E supplementation (VI and VII) and 10% level without vitamin E supplementation (IV). According to the results, 10% level-perilla seed oil in the diet can be considered safe if vitamin E is not omitted from the vitamin mixture ana the group fed 15% fat with P/S ratio of 1 appeared to be safe during the experimental period. Finally the long-term studios have to be persued in many aspects by using perilla seed oil in the experimental diet. Because rats are known t4 be quite resistant to the experimental diets, comparative studies using various animal species have to he conducted.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.686-695
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• 2006

Interleukin-2 enhancer binding factor 2 (ILF2) was reported to regulate transcription of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a central cytokine in the regulation of T-cell responses. This property of ILF2 was well characterized in human and mammals, but little is known in bony fish. In this paper, an ILF2 homologue was cloned and well characterized from Tetraodon nigrovirid is for the further investigation of the function of ILF2 in bony fish. The full-length Tetraodon ILF2 cDNA was 1380 bp in size and contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1164 bp that translates into a 387 amino-acid peptide with a molecular weight of 42.9 kDa, a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 57 bp, and a 3' UTR of 159 bp containing a poly A tail. The deduced peptide of Tetraodon ILF2 shared an overall identity of 58%~93% with other known ILF2 sequences, and contained two N-glycosylation sites, two N-myristoylation sites, one RGD cell attachment sequence, six protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, one amino-terminal RGG-rich single-stranded RNA-binding domain, and a DZF zinc-finger nucleic acid binding domain, most of which were highly conserved through species compared. Constitutive expression of Tetraodon ILF2 was observed in all tissues examined, including gill, gut, head kidney, spleen, liver, brain and heart. The highest expression was detected in heart, followed by liver, head kidney and brain. Stimulation with LPS did not significantly alter the expression of Tetraodon ILF2. Gene organization analysis showed that the Tetraodon ILF2 gene have fifteen exons, one more than other known ILF2 genes in human and mouse. Genes up- and down-stream from the Tetraodon ILF2 were Rpa12, Peroxin-11b, Smad4, Snapap and Txnip homologue, which were different from that in human and mouse.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.181-194
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• 2006

Objective : Author evaluate the effects of Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium for the bronchial asthma using assesment of the vascular endothelial growth factor after Citri Reticulatae Viride Peicarpium was intravenously administered Ovalbumine(OVA)-sensitized and -challenged mice. Material and Methods : Twenty-four female mice, 8-10 weeks old and free of murine specific pathogens, were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of OVA. Of the sensitized mice, ten mice didn't administrate Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium and the other ten mice administrated Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium. Mice were sensitized on the first and fourteen days introspectional injection of 20 ${\mu}g$ OVA. After$21^{st}\;22^{th}\;and\;23^{rd}$, the initial sensitization, the mice were challenged for 30 minutes with an aerosol of 1% OVA in saline. Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium administered 200mg/kg in the tail of the mouse, one a day, for 7 days and beginning 14 days after first sensitization. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 72 hours after the last challenge, and total cell numbers in the BAL fluid were count. Also, lever of VEGF in the BAL fluid was measured by Enzyme immunoassays and Western blot analysis. Results: Total cell numbers in BAL fluid were significantly greater than from 72 hrs after OVA inhalation compared with cell numbers in the control group. However, there was no difference of the total cell numbers between OVA-challenge groups without Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium, and OVA-challenge with Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium. Enzyme immunoassay revealed that VEGF levels in the BAL fluids were significantly increased 72 hrs after OVA inhalation compared with levels in the control group. After administration of the Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpiu, the levels of the VEGF in BAL fluids 72 hrs after OVA inhalation reduced dramatically. Western blot analysis revealed that VEGF protein levels were increased in the all mice which were challenge with OVA, without administered Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium, compared the normal mouse. However, in the groups of the administered Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium, the VEGF protein level markedly decreased. Conclusion: Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium might affect the treatment of the bronchial ashma as a inhibition of the VEGF.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.285-289
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• 2010

In the present study, the antinociceptive profiles of $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract were examined in ICR mice. The $Campanula$ $punctata$ contain a large dose of saponin. $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract administered orally (200 mg/kg) showed an antinociceptive effect as measured by the tail-flick and hot-plate tests. In addition, $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract attenuated the writhing numbers in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Furthermore, the cumulative nociceptive response time for intrathecal (i.t.) injection of substance P ($0.7{\mu}g$) was diminished by $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) pretreatment with yohimbine (${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic receptor antagonist) attenuated antinociceptive effect induced by $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract in the writhing test. However, naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) or methysergide (5-HT serotonergic receptor antagonist) did not affect antinociception induced by $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract in the writhing test. Our results suggest that $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract shows an antinociceptive property in various pain models. Furthermore, this antinociceptive effect of $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract may be mediated by ${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic receptor, but not opioidergic and serotonergic receptors.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.270-276
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• 2013

Fucoxanthin is an important carotenoid derived from edible brown seaweeds and is used in indigenous herbal medicines. The aim of the present study was to examine the cytoprotective effects of fucoxanthin against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage. Fucoxanthin decreased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, as assessed by fluorescence spectrometry performed after staining cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. In addition, electron spin resonance spectrometry showed that fucoxanthin scavenged hydroxyl radical generated by the Fenton reaction in a cell-free system. Fucoxanthin also inhibited comet tail formation and phospho-histone H2A.X expression, suggesting that it prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular DNA damage. Furthermore, the compound reduced the number of apoptotic bodies stained with Hoechst 33342, indicating that it protected keratinocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic cell death. Finally, fucoxanthin prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. These protective actions were accompanied by the down-regulation of apoptosis-promoting mediators (i.e., B-cell lymphoma-2-associated ${\times}$ protein, caspase-9, and caspase-3) and the up-regulation of an apoptosis inhibitor (B-cell lymphoma-2). Taken together, the results of this study suggest that fucoxanthin defends keratinocytes against oxidative damage by scavenging ROS and inhibiting apoptosis.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2016

U.S. cotton production is suffering from the yield loss caused by the reniform nematode (RN), Rotylenchulus reniformis. Management of this devastating pest is of utmost importance because, no upland cotton cultivar exhibits adequate resistance to RN. Nine populations of RN from distinct regions in Alabama and one population from Mississippi were studied and thirteen morphometric features were measured on 20 male and 20 female nematodes from each population. Highly correlated variables (positive) in female and male RN morphometric parameters were observed for body length (L) and distance of vulva from the lip region (V) (r = 0.7) and tail length (TL) and c' (r = 0.8), respectively. The first and second principal components for the female and male populations showed distinct clustering into three groups. These results show pattern of sub-groups within the RN populations in Alabama. A one-way ANOVA on female and male RN populations showed significant differences ($p{\leq}0.05$) among the variables. Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of 18S rRNA sequences (421) showed lengths of 653 bp. Sites within the aligned sequences were conserved (53%), parsimony-informative (17%), singletons (28%), and indels (2%), respectively. Neighbor-Joining analysis showed intra and inter-nematodal variations within the populations as clone sequences from different nematodes irrespective of the sex of nematode isolate clustered together. Morphologically, the three groups (I, II and III) could not be distinctly associated with the molecular data from the 18S rRNA sequences. The three groups may be identified as being non-geographically contiguous.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.897-902
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• 2004

이전에 연구된 한우육과 Holstein 및 Black angus육 감별법의 신속성, 편리성, 경제성 등의 단점을 보완하기 위해 소의 MC1R gene의 SNP를 이용한 새로운 감별법을 시도하였다. 본 연구에서는 소의 MC1R gene 중 594번째 염기인 Guanine이 한우에서는 결실된 점을 이용하여 한우의 sequence를 바탕으로 3 쪽에 2mers의 tail을 달아 한우에게는 상보적이나 다른 종에서는 상보적이지 않은 3 -tailed primers를 제작하였다. 이 primer들을 이용해서 한우에서만 MC1R 중 571번째 염기서열부터 919번째 염기서열까지의 343bp의 단편이 증폭되도록 하였다. 그 결과, Holstein, Black angus에서는 모두 band가 관찰되지 않았으나 한우에서는 343bp의 band가 확인되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 사용한 3 -tailed primer를 이용하면 보다 정확하고 재현성 있으며 신속하고 편리하며 경제적인 한우육의 감별이 될 것으로 판단된다.