• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 1989

한국산 살모사속 (Agkistrodom) 2종의 유전적, 형태적 및 종간잡종 형성 유.무를 구명하기 위하여 남한의 7개 지역에서 147개체를 채집하여 전기영동 및 형태형질 분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 15개의 성소 및 단백질에서 19개의 유전자를 검출하여 유전적 변이를 조사한 바 5개 유전자(26.3%)는 종간 및 집단간에 전혀 차이가 없었고 나머지 14개의 유전자중 4개 유전자는 매우 높은 률의 유전적 변이를 나타내었다. 2. 각 집단의 유전적 변이정도를 산출한 결과 A. b. brevicaudus는 평균 A= 1.55, P=42.1%, HD=0.096 및 HG=0.1l5였고 A .ussuriensis는 A= 1.45, P=31.6%, HD=0.1l7 및 HG=0.122로서 타 파충류에 비하여 높은 유전적 변이를 나타냈으며 이는 이들 종의 집단이 크고 안정된 상태에 있다고 사료된다. 3. 형태적으로 2종의 중간형으로 여겨졌던 제주집단은 강릉집단의 A .ussuriensis와 동일종으로 확인되었으며 종간 잡종은 전혀 찾아볼 수 없었다. 4. 2종간의 유전적 근록치는 S=0.662로서 이들은 약 180만년전에 분화되었으리라 추산된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.7-27
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• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate acute and subacute toxicity and sarcoma-180 anti-cancer effects of herbal acupuncture with cultivated wild ginseng (distilled) in mice and rats. Method : Balb/c mice were injected intravenous with cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenous with cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture for subacute toxicity test. The cultivated wild ginseng herbal-acupuncture was injected at the tail vein of mice. Results : 1. In acute $LD_{50}$ toxicity test, there was no mortality thus unable to attain the value. 2. Examining the toxic response in the acute toxicity test, there was no sign of toxication. 3. In acute toxic test, running biochemical serum test couldn't yield any differences between the control and experiment groups. 4. In subacute toxicity test, there was no sign of toxication in the experimental groups and didn't show any changes in weight compared to the normal group. 5. In subacute toxicity test, biochemical serum test showed significant increase of Total albumin, Albumin, and Glucose in the experimental group I compared with the control group. Significant decrease of GOT, ALP, GPT, and Triglyceride were shown. In experiment group II, only Glucose showed significant increase compared with the control group. 6. Measuring survival rate for anti-cancer effects of Sarcoma-180 cancer cell line, all the experimental groups showed significant increase in survival rate. 7. Measuring NK cell activity rate, no significant difference was shown throughout the groups. 8. Measuring Interleukin-2 productivity rate, all the experimental groups didn't show significant difference. 9. For manifestation of cytokine mRNA, significant decrease of interleukin-10 was witnessed in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion : According to the results, we can conclude cultivated wild ginseng herbal acupuncture caused negligible toxicity, and had anti-tumor effects in mice.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.103-103
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• 2018

Oenothera biennis, commonly known as evening primrose, a potential source of natural bioactive substances: flavonoids, steroids, tannins, fatty acids and terpenoids responsible for a diverse range of pharmacological functions. However, whether extract prepared from aerial part of O. biennis (APOB) protects skin against oxidative stress remains unknown. To investigate the protective effects of APOB against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in the HaCaT human skin keratinocytes. Our results revealed that treatment with APOB prior to hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) exposure significantly increased viability, and the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activities and reducing power of HaCaT cells. APOB also effectively attenuated H2O2-induced comet tail formation and inhibited the $H_2O_2$-induced phosphorylation levels of the histone ${\gamma}H2AX$, as well as the number of apoptotic bodies and Annexin V-positive cells. In addition, APOB exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and restored the mitochondrial membrane potential loss by $H_2O_2$. Moreover, $H_2O_2$ enhanced the cleavage of caspase-3 and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP), a typical substrate protein of activated caspase-3, as well as DNA fragmentation; however, these events were almost totally reversed by pretreatment with APOB. Furthermore, APOB increased the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is a potent antioxidant enzyme, associated with the induction of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). According to our data, APOB is able to protect HaCaT cells from $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage and cell death through blocking cellular damage related to oxidative stress through a mechanism that would affect ROS elimination and activating the Nri2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 및 한일 식물생명공학 심포지엄
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

Transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis provides one of the most powerful tools for functional studies of genes in higher plants. This project has been performed to develop a large population of insertional mutations, and to construct databases of molecular information on Ds insertion sites in rice. Ultimate goals are to supply genetic materials and information to analyze gene function and to identify and utilize agronomically important genes for breeding purpose. Two strategies have been employed to generate the large scale of transposon population in a Japonica type rice, Dongjin Byeo; 1) genetic crosses between Ac and Ds lines and 2) plant regeneration from seeds carrying Ac and Ds. Our study showed that over 70% of regenerated plants generally carried independent Ds elements and high activity of transposition was detected only during regeneration period. Ds-flanking DNA amplified from leaf tissues of F2 and T1 (or T2) plants have been amplified via TAIL-PCR and directly sequenced. So far, over 65,000 Ds lines have been generated and over 9,500 Ds loci have been mapped on chromosomes by sequence analysis. Database of molecular information on Ds insertion sites has been constructed, and has been opened to the public and will be updated soon at http://www.niab.go.kr. Detailed functional analysis of more than 30 rice mutants has been performed. Several Ds-tagged rice genes that have been selected for functional analysis will be briefly introduced. We expect that a great deal of information and genetic resources of Ds lines would be obtained during the course of this project, which will be shared with domestic and international rice researchers. In addition to the Japonica rice, we have established the tagging system in an rice line of indica genetic background, MGRI079. MGRI079 (Indica/Japonica) was transformed with Agrobacteria carrying Ac and Ds T-DNA vectors. Among transgenic lines, we successfully identified single-copy Ds and Ac lines in MGR1079. These lines were served as ‘starter lines’ to mutagenize Indica genetic background. To achieve rapid, large scale generation of Ds transposant lines, MGR1079 transformants carrying homozygous Ac were crossed with ones with homozygous Ds, and $F_2$seeds were used for plant regeneration. In this year, over 2,000 regeneration plants were grown in the field. We are able to evaluate the tagging efficiency in the Indica genetic background in the fall.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.124-135
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• 2012

목적: 본 연구에서는 숙달된 택시운전기사들을 대상으로 내비게이션 시스템을 이용하여 운전하는 한국인 대조군에 비교하여 해마의 부피와 모양 그리고 기능적 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 총 8명의 대상군(4명의 숙달된 택시운전기사들과 4명의 같은 나이대 일반인 대조군)에 대해 삼차원 T1강조영상과 혈류산소 수준에 따른 기능성 자기공명영상을 촬영하였다. 해마의 용적과 모양, 기능성 자기공명영상 자료를 분석하여 두 군간에 신경 활성도 차이를 비교하였다. 결과: 해마의 용적은 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p > 0.05). 해마의 모양을 보면, 택시운전기사군의 왼쪽 해마가 대조군에 비해 전체 길이가 약간 길고 머리와 꼬리부분이 약간 더 컸다(p < 0.05, uncorrected). 기능성 자기공명영상에서는 택시운전기사군에서 대조군에 비해 방추상회가 특히 활성화되어 있었다. 결론: 택시운전기사군의 해마가 보이는 이러한 구조적, 기능적 변화는 그들의 직업과 관련하여 공간적 탐색능력을 지속적으로 사용하면서 해마와 관련 뇌영역이 기능적으로 분화했음을 나타내는 소견으로 추측할 수 있겠다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2018

Background: Korean ginseng has been widely evaluated to treat human diseases; however, most studies on Korean ginseng have focused on its root. In this study, polysaccharides [acidic-polysaccharide-linked glycopeptide (APGP) extracted with 90% ethanol and hot water] were prepared from Korean ginseng berries, and their effect on immunosenescence was explored. Methods: The effect of APGP on thymic involution was evaluated by measuring the size of thymi dissected from aged mice. The effect of APGP on populations of immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, age-correlated CD11c-positive B cells, and several subtypes of T cells [CD4-positive, CD8-positive, and regulatory (Treg) T cells] in the thymi and spleens of aged mice was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. Profiles of APGP components were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Results: APGP suppressed thymic involution by increasing the weight and areas of thymi in aged mice. APGP increased the population of NK cells, but showed no effect on the population of dendritic cells in the thymi and spleens of aged mice. APGP decreased the population of age-correlated CD11c-positive B cells in the spleens of aged mice. APGP showed no effect on the populations of CD4- and CD8-positive T cells in the thymi of aged mice, whereas it increased the population of Treg cells in the spleens of aged mice. APGP further decreased the reduced serum levels of IL-2 in aged mice, but serum levels of IL-6 were not statistically changed by APGP in aged mice. Finally, HPLC analysis showed that APGP had one major peak at 15 min (a main type of polysaccharide) and a long tail up to 35 min (a mixture of a variety of types of polysaccharides). Conclusion: These results suggested that APGP exerted an anti-immunosenescent effect by suppressing thymic involution and modulating several types of immune cells.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.567-576
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• 2017

The $Na^+/H^+$ exchanger is responsible for maintaining the acidic tumor microenvironment through its promotion of the reabsorption of extracellular $Na^+$ and the extrusion of intracellular $H^+$. The resultant increase in the extracellular acidity contributes to the chemoresistance of malignant tumors. In this study, the chemosensitizing effects of cariporide, a potent $Na^+/H^+-exchange$ inhibitor, were evaluated in human malignant mesothelioma H-2452 cells preadapted with lactic acid. A higher basal level of phosphorylated (p)-AKT protein was found in the acid-tolerable H-2452AcT cells compared with their parental acid-sensitive H-2452 cells. When introduced in H-2452AcT cells with a concentration that shows only a slight toxicity in H-2452 cells, cariporide exhibited growth-suppressive and apoptosis-promoting activities, as demonstrated by an increase in the cells with pyknotic and fragmented nuclei, annexin V-PE(+) staining, a $sub-G_0/G_1$ peak, and a $G_2/M$ phase-transition delay in the cell cycle. Preceding these changes, a cariporide-induced p-AKT down-regulation, a p53 up-regulation, an ROS accumulation, and the depolarization of the mitochondrial-membrane potential were observed. A pretreatment with the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 markedly augmented the DNA damage caused by the cariporide, as indicated by a much greater extent of comet tails and a tail moment with increased levels of the p-histone H2A.X, $p-ATM^{Ser1981}$, $p-ATR^{Ser428}$, $p-CHK1^{Ser345}$, and $p-CHK2^{Thr68}$, as well as a series of pro-apoptotic events. The data suggest that an inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling is necessary to enhance the cytotoxicity toward the acidtolerable H-2452AcT cells, and it underlines the significance of proton-pump targeting as a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome the acidic-microenvironment-associated chemotherapeutic resistance.

• 환경생물
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2017

연구는 2014년 5월부터 2016년 11월까지 제주도에 서식하는 비단털쥐의 외부형태 형질과 두개골의 크기를 비교하여 종의 특징을 규명하기 위하여 이루어졌다. 채집된 암컷 9개체, 수컷 5개체는 모두 성체였고, 암수의 체중 및 외부형태 형질 비교에서 체중, 머리와 몸통의 길이, 귀의 길이, 뒷발의 길이에 있어서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었지만 (p>0.05), 꼬리 길이에 있어서는 암컷 우성의 특징을 보이는 것으로 나타났다 (p=0.003). 채집한 비단털쥐의 2차 성적이형 (secondary sexual dimorphism) 특성을 살펴보기 위해 머리 - 몸통 길이를 기준으로 B_HR, T_HR, E_HR, H_HR을 산출하여 분석한 결과, 오직 꼬리 길이에 대한 머리 - 몸통 길이 (T_HR)에서만이 통계적으로 유의하였다 (p=0.003). 두개골 크기의 암수 평균값과 성적이형을 비교한 결과, 전체 21가지 형질 중 GLS (p=0.020)와 ONL (p=0.014)는 통계적으로 유의하였고, LIF는 유의수준 90% 기준으로 할 경우 통계적으로 유의하였다. 하지만 이 이외의 18가지 형질은 암수간의 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (p>0.05). 머리뼈 최대 길이 (GLS), 코 - 후두부 길이 (ONL), 눈확 사이의 폭 (IB)과 대후두공횡경 (BOF)을 제외한 나머지 17가지 부위인 뒤통수뼈관절융기 - 치조점 사이 길이 (CL), 머리뼈 바닥길이 (BL), 코뼈의 길이 (NAL), 앞머리뼈의 길이 (FL), 뒷머리뼈의 길이 (PrL), 절치공의 길이 (LIF), 고포뼈의 길이 (ABL), 협골공의 폭 (ZB), 입술의 폭 (BR), 위턱어금니열의 길이(LUM), 위턱이틀 사이 모서리길이 (LUD), 아래턱뼈의 길이(LM), 아래턱뼈의 높이 (HM), 아래턱어금니열의 길이 (LLM), 앞니 길이 (LUI), 관절 높이 (AH), 뇌함 최대 너비 (MWB)는 암컷 편향적 성적 크기 차이 (female-biased SSD)가 있었다. 이에 따라 비단털쥐의 암컷이 수컷에 비해 꼬리 길이가 길고, 두개골 또한 암컷 편향적 성적 크기 차이가 있다는 것이 확인되었다. 이 연구결과는 제주도에 서식하는 비단털쥐의 외부형태 형질과 두개골의 특징을 분석한 것으로 비단털쥐의 생물학적 특성을 이해하는 데 필요한 자료로 널리 활용될 것이다. 또한 중국과 러시아 등 국한된 지역에 서식하며, 단일 종으로 알려진 비단털쥐의 특징을 비교하는 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이며, 향후 지리적 조건, 기후 영향, 서식환경에 따른 비단털쥐의 생물지리학 및 생태학적 연구에 크게 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2012

Classification of human thought is an emerging research field that may allow us to understand human brain functions and further develop advanced brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. In the present study, we introduce a new approach to classify various mental states from noninvasive electrophysiological recordings of human brain activity. We utilized the full spatial and spectral information contained in the electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded while a subject is performing a specific mental task. For this, the EEG data were converted into a 2D spatiospectral pattern map, of which each element was filled with 1, 0, and -1 reflecting the degrees of event-related synchronization (ERS) and event-related desynchronization (ERD). We evaluated the similarity between a current (input) 2D pattern map and the template pattern maps (database), by taking the inner-product of pattern matrices. Then, the current 2D pattern map was assigned to a class that demonstrated the highest similarity value. For the verification of our approach, eight participants took part in the present study; their EEG data were recorded while they performed four different cognitive imagery tasks. Consistent ERS/ERD patterns were observed more frequently between trials in the same class than those in different classes, indicating that these spatiospectral pattern maps could be used to classify different mental states. The classification accuracy was evaluated for each participant from both the proposed approach and a conventional mental state classification method based on the inter-hemispheric spectral power asymmetry, using the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). An average accuracy of 68.13% (${\pm}9.64%$) was attained for the proposed method; whereas an average accuracy of 57% (${\pm}5.68%$) was attained for the conventional method (significance was assessed by the one-tail paired $t$-test, $p$ < 0.01), showing that the proposed simple classification approach might be one of the promising methods in discriminating various mental states.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1694-1698
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• 2004

We hope to evaluate the effects of Sabaek-san for the bronchial asthma using assesment on the metrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) after Sabaek-san was intravenously administered OVA-sensitized and -challenged mice. Seventy-two female mice, 8-10 weeks of age and free of murine specific pathogens, were used. Of the seventy-two mice, twenty-four mice were not sensitized and forty-eight mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of OVA. Of the sensitized mice, twenty-four mice didn't administrate Sabaek-san and twenty-four administrated Sabaek-san. Mice were sensitized on days 1 and 14 by intraperitoneal injection of 20 fig OVA. On days 21, 22 and 23 after the initial sensitization, the mice were challenged for 30 minutes with an aerosol of 1% OVA in saline. Sabaek-san administered 200㎎/㎏ in the tail of the mouse, one time per day, for 7 days, beginning 14 days after first sensitization. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 72 hours after the last challenge, and total cell numbers in the BAL fluid were count. Also, level of MMP-9 in the BAL fluid were measured by Enzyme immunoassays and Western blot analysis. Enzyme immunoassay revealed that MMP-9 levels in the BAL fluids significantly increased 72 h after OVA inhalation compared with levels in the control group. After administration of the Sabaek-san, the levels of the MMP-9 in BAL fluids 72 h after OVA inhalation reduced dramatically. Western blot analysis revealed that MMP-9 levels increased in the all mice which were challenge with OVA without administered Sabaek-san compared the normal mouse. However, in the groups of the administered Sabaek-san, the MMP-9 level markedly decreased. Sabaek-san might be effect the treatment of the bronchial asthma as a inhibition of the MMP-9.