• 미생물학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2000

불와전 균류인 Fusarium s^g pp.를 이용하여 여러 가지 배양조건과 생리적 영향에 따른 균주의 성장 및 T-2 toxin의 생성에 관하여 고찰하였다. T-2 toxin 의 검출방법은 thin layer chromatography (TCL) 법과 미생물학적 검출방법을 사용하였다. 고체 배지의 경우 횐옥수수 가루(Quaker사 제품)베지에서 다른 곡물보다 많은 양의 T-2 toxin이 생성되었으며,비교적 깨끗한 T-2 toxin이 정제되었다. 이 경우 배지 100g당 약 700 mg의 T-2 toxin이 생성되었으며, 그중 약 30%정도가 깨끗한 결정으로 정제되었다. 고온(20-$25^{\circ}C$)에서는 생장은 많았으나, T-2 toxin의 생성은 적었으며, 저온(10-$15^{\circ}C$)에서는 비교적 생장이 적었지만, T-2 toxin의 생성이 많았고, 젖당, 글리세롤, 솔비톨의 경우는 적었다. 유일 탄소원으로 구연산과 초산은 이용하지 못하였으며, 녹발의 경우 생장은 많았으나 T-2 toxin의 생성양은 적었다. 질소원의 경우 $NaNO_2$를 제외하고는 $(NH_4)_2NO_4$, $NH_4Cl_3$, $NH_4NO_3$, $KNO_3$ 를 거의 동일하게 이용하였다. 초기 pH값에 생성과 균주의 성장은 pH4.0-5.0일 경우 최적을 나타냈으며 ph6.0이상에서는 성장도 저하되고, T-2 toxin생성도 적었다. 회전속도에 따른 T-2 toxin 생성과 균주의 성장을 보면 회전속도가 속돠 증가함에 따라 균주의 생장과 T-2 toxin 생성량이 모두 증가하였다. $15^{\circ}C$에서 7일간 배양 후, $25^{\circ}C$로 옮겨 7일간 배양하여, toxin의 생성을 보면, $15^{\circ}C$에 7일간 배양했을 때보다 T-2 toxin양이 적었다. 이는 생성되었던 T-2 toxin이 분해되었음을 보여주는 것이다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 T-2 toxin 대사 경로는 온도에 의한 효소 억제 또는 효소 유지 시스템에 의해 조절되는 것이라고 생각할 수 있다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1996

In order to detect the T-2 toxin accumulation in the animal tissues, T-2 toxin, produced by Fusarium sporotrichioides M-1-1, was injected to mouse by 0, 1 and 2 mg per kilogram of body weight, respectively, and T-2 toxin extracted from serum and organs were analyzed by the indirected competitive ELISA. The indirect competitive ELISA established in the laboratory can be check less than 0.1 ppb level of T-2 toxin and average recovery of T-2 toxin spiked was 80~113% in animal samples such as serum, liver and kidney. After 6 weeks of treatment with 2 mg of T-2 toxin per kg body weight, T-2 toxin was accumulated in serum (133.0 ng/ml), liver(1.4 ng/g) and kidney(14.3 ng/g) of mouse injected with 2 mg of toxin per kg body weight.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.585-589
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• 1994

시험관 내에서 T-2 toxin이 병아리 비장세포의 blastogenesis에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, B-cell mitogen인 lipopolysaccharide 및 T-cell mitogen인 concanavalin A 자극에 대해 T-2 toxin의 농도가 증가함에 따라 억제정도가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 노출시기를 달리하여 T-2 toxin을 투여한 병아리의 비장세포에서 mitogen 자극에 내한 반응을 안아 본 결과, 부화하기 전과 후에 계속 T-2 toxin에 노출시킨 실험군은 가장 영향을 많이 받은 것으로 나타났고 부화전 혹은 부화후 어느 한 시기에만 T-2 toxin에 노출된 실험군은 비교적 영향을 적게 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 1988

종래의 화학적, 생물학적 분석방법의 단점인 검출한도가 낮은점, 시료전처리의 복잡성, 비경제성 및 비 특이성 등을 극복하기 위해 monoclonal AB를 사용한 ELISA법으로 T-2 toxin 에 대해 특이성있는 새로운 분석법을 개발하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 종래의 GLC 및 GC-MS 분석법보다 간편하고 신뢰성이 높으며 검출한계가 0.1ppb인 고감도의 분석법을 개발하였다. 2. 본 분석법을 이용하여 Fusarium spp. 균의 T-2 생산유무를 단시간에 다량의 시료를 검색할 수 있었으며, data의 정확도가 GLC와 유사하며 GLC로는 검색할 수 없는 150ppb이하의 미량함유 시료에서도 T-2 toxin을 검색할 수 있었다. 3. 본 실험에 사용한 F. sporotichioides M-1-1 균주의 밀에 대한 최적 배양조건은 $24~27^{\circ}C$ 2주간임을 알았다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.129-133
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• 1999

This study was designed to observe the effects of T-2 toxin on total cholesterol and lipid concentration in rat serum. T-2 toxin is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium sp. which is often found on agricultural products including cereals, and it is a causal material of liver injuries in cattle and humans. When we fed rats with standard diet treated with T-2 toxin, the body weight and feed consumption of rats treated T-2 toxin were decreased. As the results of lipid analysis, the concentrations of total cholesterol and free cholesterol in serum of treated rats were increased compared to non-fed control group, On the other hand, the levels of triglyceride and phospholipid in the serum of T-2 toxin treated experimental groups were declined. In conclusion, T-2 toxin largely influenced on the total cholesterol and lipid levels in rat serum.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.199-204
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• 1995

The antifungal effects of polyposphates on the growth and T-2 toxin production of Fusarium sporotrichioides M-1-1 were investigated. The growth of the strain was significantly inhibited in the potatoes dextrose agar medium treated with 1.5% polyphosphates or more. When we checked T-2 toxin by the indirect competitive ELISA, the strain produced 11.25 ug/ml and 10.90 ug/ml levels of T-2 toxin rice and corn containing 50% moisture contents, respectively. However, T-2 toxin was little detected in rice medium and corn medium with 1.5% polyphosphates addition for short(14 days) and prolonged incubation time(45 days). We also observed the destruction of cell wall and outflow of cell ingredients with 1% polyphosphates treatment to the strain. Therefore, moisture and polyphosphates greatly effected on the growth and T-2 toxin production of the strain.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2012

T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin, belong to type A trichothecences, are the most toxic mycotoxins among the trichothecene family. These mycotoxins are commonly found in cereals such as maize, wheat, barley, oats and rice, and their occurrence in food can be of concern. This review investigated the current trends of patents and researches on T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin pertaining to natural occurrence, toxicity, metabolism, risk assessment, analytical and screening methods, and reduction/detoxification techniques. As compared with other $Fusarium$ mycotoxins, there are limited data for natural occurrence and risk assessment, and regulatory limit and official analytical methods on T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in domestic and foreign countries. In particular, selective deacetylation at the C3 and/or C4 positions of T-2 toxin by carboxyesterase present in foods was reported to cause the disappearance of T-2 and the extremely high HT-2 recoveries. Currently, regulatory limits for T-2 and HT-2 are under discussion in EU. For enforcement purposes it is essential to have available precise and reliable analytical methods applicable at the regulatory levels for the T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin and relevant commodities. In addition, a further study on natural occurrence, risk assessment and reduction/detoxification techniques will be recommended.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1988

Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes were used to study in vitro cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin on liver cells. When T-2 toxin was added to the culture, a significant depression of the hormonal induction of ${\alpha}$-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) uptake and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) activity was observed. However, T-2 toxin did not affect the uptake of ouabain into hepatocytes. Protein synthesis was inhibited by T-2 toxin, but RNA synthesis was not severely affected. The inhibitory effects of T-2 toxin on protein synthesis was diminished rapidly with culture time and the hepatocytes culture maintained control level of protein synthesis within 24 hrs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.613-618
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• 1997

곰팡이에 오염된 저질사료에서 T-2 독소의 존재확인 및 양을 측정하기 위한 Direct Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA)의 Kits를 개발하기 위하여 T-2HS, T-2HS-BSA, T-2HS-HRP 및 T-2 단크론 항체 동을 개발하고저 연구하여 좋은 결과를 얻었다. 분말 옥수수내에 인위적으로 혼합된 T-2 독소의 평균회수율은 83%이었으며, T-2 독소의 추출가능범위는 60ng에서 $6{\mu}g$이었다. 분말옥수수에서 인위적으로 혼합된 T-2 독소의 회수결과에 의하면 이 연구는 T-2 독소의 존재를 확인하기에 적합하고, T-2 독소의 양을 측정하기 위한각종 ELISA Kits 제조의 기틀이 마련되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.259-262
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• 2004

The ability of Modified Glucomannan (MG) to bind T-2 toxin (T-2) in the gastrointestinal tract has been tested in vivo by feeding 120 five-wk-old broiler chicken with the following six treatment diets, 1) Control diet; 2) Control+MG (0.1%); 3) Control+T-2 (500 ppb); 4) Control+T-2 (500 ppb)+MG (0.1%); 5) Control+T-2 (1,000 ppb) and 6) Control+T-2 (1,000 ppb)+MG (0.1%). Twenty birds were assigned to each treatment group, which had five experimental groups. Four birds of each experimental group were sacrificed at an interval of 30 min i.e. at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after feeding experimental diets. The whole gut contents of each bird were collected, dried and toxin concentration was determined. Percent T-2 recovered from the gut was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the groups fed MG at all the time intervals. The percent T-2 adsorbed by the MG at different T-2 levels (500 and 1,000 ppb) was 15.97 and 14.77, 22.53 and 22.67, 26.88 and 28.03, and 31.50 and 31.83 at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min, respectively.