• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2009

Organic cation transporters (OCTs) are important for absorption, elimination of many endogenous small organic cations as well as a wide array of drugs and environmental toxins. This gene is located in a cluster on chromosome 6 and OCTs are in major organs such as intestine, liver, kidney, brain and placenta. Therefore, expression levels and function of OCTs directly affect plasma levels and intracellular concentrations of drugs and thereby determine therapeutic response. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of the SNPs on OCT1 (C181T and C1022T) and OCT2 (G808T) to analyze haplotype frequency in healthy Korean population. Human subjects have been genotyped for OCT1 (C181T for 195 subjects and C1022T for 825 subjects), using polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic tests (RFLP). And for OCT2 (G808T), a total of 861 subjects have been genotyped, using pyrosequencing method. Haplotype was statistically inferred using an algorithm based on the expectation-maximization (EM). OCT1 C181T genotyping showed 100% homozygous wild-type (C/C). OCT1 C1022T genotyping showed wild-type (C/C), heterozygous (C/T) and homozygous mutant-type (T/T) and each accounted for 72.1, 24.5 and 3.4%, respectively. OCT2 G808T genotyping results also showed homozygous wild-type (G/G), heterozygous (G/T) and homozygous mutant-type (T/T) and each took 81.8, 17.9 and 0.3%, respectively. Based on these genotype data, haplotype analysis between OCT1 C181T and OCT1 C1022T has proceeded. The result has revealed that linkage disequilibrium between alleles is not obvious (P=0.0122).

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2004

It is known that Bacillus subtilis glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) mischarges E. coli $tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$ with glutamate in vitro. It has also been established that the expression of B. subtilis GluRS in Escherichia coli results in the death of the host cell. To ascertain whether E. coli growth inhibition caused by B. subtilis GluRS synthesis is a consequence of Glu-$tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$ formation, we constructed an in vivo test system, in which B. subtilis GluRS gene expression is controlled by IPTG. Such a system permits the investigation of factors affecting E. coli growth. Expression of E. coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) also amelio-rated growth inhibition, presumably by competitively preventing $tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$ misacylation. However, when amounts of up to 10 mM L-glutamine, the cognate amino acid for acylation of $tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$, were added to the growth medium, cell growth was unaffected. Overexpression of the B. subtilis gatCAB gene encoding Glu-$tRNA^{Gln}$ amidotransferase (Glu-AdT) rescued cells from toxic effects caused by the formation of the mis-charging GluRS. This result indicates that B. subtilis Glu-AdT recognizes the mischarged E. coli Glu-$tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$, and converts it to the cognate Gln-$tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$ species. B. subtilis GluRS-dependent Glu-$tRNA_{1}$$^{Gln}$ formation may cause growth inhibition in the transformed E. coli strain, possibly due to abnormal protein synthesis.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 주 구성 광물이 방해석인 대리암에 대하여 알콕시실란계 강화제인 0.8T0.2E1G_3wt0.08%와 1T1G_7wt0.08%의 적용성 평가를 수행하였다. X-선회절분석결과 방해석의 회절선의 위치는 변화가 없지만 강도는 약간 증가하는 경향을 나타낸다. 전자현미경 관찰 결과 강화제 0.8T0.2E1G_3wt0.08%로 처리한 경우 새끼줄 모양으로, 1T1G_7wt0.08%로 처리한 경우 판상 또는 엽상의 입자가 균질하게 피복되어 있는 표면을 관찰할 수 있다. 강화제 처리 후 표면은 두 가지 모두 약간 어두운 경향을 나타낸다. 쇼어경도와 초음파 속도는 두 강화제 모두 처리 후 증가하는 경향을 나타낸다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 1980

$T_3-BSA\;and\;T_4-BSA$ conjugates were prepared and identified spectrophotometrically. The ${\lambda}max$ of the conjugates was just coincided with that of BSA, but the molar extinction coefficients of the conjugates were generally larger than that of BSA itself. The molar ratios of $T_3:\;BSA\;and\;T_4:\;BSA$ in the prepared conjugates were found to be 9:1 and 5:1, respectively. The titers of the $T_3$ antisera were generally higher (max. $1.5{\times}10^4:1$) than those of $T_3$ (max. $2{\times}10^3:1$), and the average cross reactivity of the $T_3$ antibody with $T_3$ was lower (0.45%) than that of $T_4$ antibody with $T_3(3{\sim}4%)$. The results of the study indicate that the predominant cause of the lower titers and the lower specificity of the $T_4$ antisera comparing with those of $T_3$ is mainly due to the unstability of the $T_4-BSA$ and consequent degradation of the conjugate to $T_3-BSA$ during preparation, purification, and even during immunization. The lower molar ratio of $T_4$ to BSA in the preparation stage is also considered to be a minor factor. By measuring $T_3,\;T_4$ levels in the reference control serum, it has been confirmed that the prepared antisera can sufficiently be utilized, respectively, in the established radioimmunoassay systems.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.841-846
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• 2008

본 연구는 감귤부산물을 급여한 토종닭 계란의 성분조성에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 실시하였다. 토종닭 계란은 감귤부산물을 급여하지 않은 것(T0구), 그리고 감귤부산 물을 4% 급여한 것(T1구)으로 나누어 각각 54수씩 3반복 사육하고 $29{\sim}30$주령에 산란한 것을 시료로 하였다. 난백과 난황의 일반성분, 구성 아미노산 총량, 유리아미노산 총량은 모두 T0구 및 T1구 사이에 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 난황의 무기질, 비타민 및 xanthophyll 함량은 모두 T0구 및 T1구 사이에 유의적 차이를 보이지 않아서 감귤부산물급여 영향이 없었다. 그러나 난황의 콜레스테롤 함량은 T0구의 1,207 mg/100 g보다 T1구의 1,168 mg/100 g이 유의적으로 낮으며 난백의 유리아미노산 중 L-glutamic acid 함량은 T0구의 39.22 ppm에 비하여 T1구의 58.54 ppm가 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 그러므로 감귤부산물은 양계사료에 첨가하여 토종닭에 급여할 수 있으며 이는 효율적인 감귤부산물 처리 방안이 될 수 있겠다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.480-485
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• 2008

본 시험은 육계에게 생균제, 일라이트, 활성탄 및 목초액의 사료적 가치를 평가하기 위하여 시판 생균제 0.2%(T1)와, 일라이트(T2), 활성탄(T3) 및 목초액(T4)을 각각 1.0%를 Arbor Acre Broiler 숫병아리 200수를 35일간 급여하여 도계한 계육의 다리부위 근육을 냉장온도($4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)에서 10일간 저장하면서 pH, VBN, TBARS, 전단력 및 육색을 분석하였다. pH는 대조구에 비해 T3와 T4에서 높았고, 특히 T4에서 유의적으로 높았으며 저장기간이 경과하면서 모든 처리구에서 증가하였다(p<0.05). VBN은 저장 7일까지 대조구와 T2에 비해 T1, T3및 T4에서 낮았으나(p<0.05), 저장 10일에는 처리구간 유의성이 없었다. TBARS는 대조구, T1 및 T2보다 T3와 T4에서 낮았고, 저장기간이 지남에 따라 모든 처리구에서 급속하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 전단력은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었지만, 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향이었다. 육색중 명도(L)는 대조구보다 처리구에서 높은 경향이었고, 특히 T4에서 전 저장기간 동안 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 황색도는(b) 대조구보다 T3와 T4에서 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합적으로 고찰해 볼 때 육계사료에 활성탄과 목초액 1%급여는 산화안정성 및 저장성을 향상시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1616-1624
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• 2016

The aim of present experiment was to investigate the effect of protein reduction in commercial broiler chicken rations with incorporation of de-oiled rice bran (DORB) and supplementation of limiting amino acids (valine, isoleucine, and/or tryptophan) with ration formulation either on total amino acid (TAA) or standardized ileal digestible amino acids (SIDAA). The experimental design consisted of $T_1$, TAA control; $T_2$ and $T_3$, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by 3% and 6% DORB incorporation, respectively by replacing soybean meal with supplemental limiting amino acids to meet TAA requirement; $T_4$, SIDAA control, $T_5$ and $T_6$, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by DORB incorporation (3% and 6%) with supplemental limiting amino acids on SIDAA basis. A total of 360 dold fast growing broiler chicks (Vencobb-400) were divided into 36 homogenous groups of ten chicks each, and six dietary treatments described were allocated randomly with six replications. During 42 days trial, the feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by TAA factor compared to SIDAA factor and protein factor significantly (p<0.05) reduced the feed intake at 1.5% reduction compared to normal protein group. This was observed only during pre-starter phase but not thereafter. The cumulative body weight gain (BWG) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in TAA formulations with protein step-down of 1.5% ($T_3$, 1,993 g) compared to control ($T_1$, 2,067 g), while under SIDAA formulations, BWG was not affected with protein reduction of 1.5% ($T_6$, 2,076 g) compared to $T_4$ (2,129 g). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in both TAA and SIDAA formulations with 1.5% protein step-down ($T_3$, 1.741; $T_6$, 1.704) compared to respective controls ($T_1$, 1.696; $T_4$, 1.663). The SIDAA formulation revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher BWG (2,095 g) and better FCR (1.684) compared to TAA formulation (2,028 g; 1.721). Intake of crude protein and all limiting amino acids (SID basis) was higher in SIDAA group than TAA group with resultant higher nitrogen retention (4.438 vs 4.027 g/bird/d). The nitrogen excretion was minimized with 1.5% protein reduction (1.608 g/bird) compared to normal protein group (1.794 g/bird). The serum uric acid concentration was significantly reduced in $T_3$ (9.45 mg/dL) as compared to $T_4$ (10.75 mg/dL). All carcass parameters were significantly (p<0.05) higher in SIDAA formulation over TAA formulation and 1.5% protein reduction significantly reduced carcass, breast and thigh yields. In conclusion, the dietary protein can be reduced by 0.75% with TAA formulation and 1.5% with SIDAA formulation through DORB incorporation and supplementation of limiting amino acids and among formulations, SIDAA formulation was better than TAA formulation.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.273-283
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the feeding effect of a diet containing Cordyceps with fly pupa on the changes in blood lipid profile from broiler chickens, fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in chicken meat. A total of 360 chicks (Ross strain 308) were divided on hatch day into four treated groups with respect to a 35-day feeding regimen: T1 (control group), T2 (2.0% Cordyceps with fly pupa), T3 (3.5% Corceps with fly pupa) and T3 (5.0% Cordyceps with fly pupa). Blood triacylglyceride and total cholesterol level was significantly decreased by 5.32-10.63% and 9.23-12.62%, respectively, in groups T2, T3 and T4 when compared to T1 (p<0.05). Water holding capacity was significantly highest in T2 (p<0.05), while there were no significant differences among groups T2, T3 and T. In chicken meat, the ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid was high in the T3 and T4 groups, the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acid was low in the T2, T3 and T4 groups and oleic acid (18:1n-9) was high in the T2, T3 and T4 groups, when compared to T1 (p<0.05). TBARS tended to increase according to the storage time (in days), and was significantly lower in the chicken thigh muscles with skin in groups T2, T3 and T4 as compared to T1 (p<0.05). These results suggest that a diet containing 2.0-3.5% of Cordyceps with fly pupa may decrease blood lipid and improve both the shelf-life and quality of broiler chicken meat.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 1996

본 연구에서는 $CD4^+$ T 세포를 일회성으로 감염시킬 수 있고 $CD4^+$ T 세포에 HIV-1 envelope 유전자를 전달할 수 있는 바이러스 입자를 생산하는 HIV-1 complementation system을 개발하였고 이 system을 이용하여 $CD4^+$ T 세포에 선택적으로 HIV-1 envelope 당단백질을 발현시켰다. 이 system은 Gag/Gag-Pol expressor와 Env expressor로 구성되어있다. Gag/Gag-Pol expressor는 바이러스 입자 생산에 필요한 구조단백질과 기능단백질을 발현시키지만 packaging signal이 결핍되어 바이러스 입자로 유전자가 들어가지 못하도록 제조되었다. Env expressor는 Tat, Rev와 envelope 당단백질을 발현시키고 packaging signal을 갖고 있어 바이러스 입자로 envelope 유전자가 들어가도록 제조되었다. Gag/Gag-Pol expressor로부터 Gag와 Gag-Pol의 발현은 Rev 단백질을 요구하였고 Env expressor로부터 Rev 단백질 이 제공될 때 Gag와 Gag-Pol 단백질은 효율적으로 발현되었다. Gag/Gag-Pol과 Env expressor로 cotransfection된 COS-1 세포에서 $CD4^+$ T 세포를 일회성으로 감염시킬 수 있는 바이러스 입자가 생산되었다. 생산된 바이러스 입자는 $CD4^+$ T 세포에 HIV-1 envelope 유전자를 전달하여 envelope 당단백질을 발현시켰고 복제 가능한 자손 바이러스의 생성을 유도하지 못하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 방법은 $CD4^+$ T 세포에서 envelope 당단백질의 기능을 분석하고 관심 있는 유전자를 $CD4^+$ T 세포에 전달하는 바이러스 입자의 생산에 이용할 수 있다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2005

Purpose: To classify and describe the characteristic features of MRI of some ameloblastoma variants. Materials and Methods: The MR images, CT images, and panoramic radiographs in 5 cases were retrospectively examined as follows. First, the contents of ameloblastomas were devided into two portions of either solid or cystic components on the basis of MR signal intensities. The signal intensity within the solid or cystic portions was classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous. Next, the characteristic internal feature of the lesion on T1W1 or T2WI was described. The signal intensities were classified into low, intermediate, slightly high, high, and strong high signal intensity. Results: Unicystic lesion showed homogeneous high signal intensity (SI) on T2W2 and the rim enhancement of the surrounding area including the mural nodule and the thick wall except the central portion on Gd- T1W1. Solid type revealed heterogeneous and high SI area with strong high SI area on T2W2. On Gd- T1W1, the area corresponding to the low signal spot on T1W1 and the strong high signal spot on T2W1 showed low SI. Hybrid type showed slightly enhanced capsular structures and low SI for the round bony septa and the areas connecting the mixed and cystic lesions on T2Wl and Gd-T1W1. Conclusion: MRI could easily assess the relationship between the mixed and cystic findings in ameloblastoma.