• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.155-169
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• 2008

A MOM-based algorithm (MOMA) has been developed for moving force identification from dynamic responses of bridge in the companion paper. This paper further evaluates and investigates the properties of the developed MOMA by experiment in laboratory. A simply supported bridge model and a few vehicle models were designed and constructed in laboratory. A series of experiments have then been conducted for moving force identification. The bending moment and acceleration responses at several measurement stations of the bridge model are simultaneously measured when the model vehicle moves across the bridge deck at different speeds. In order to compare with the existing time domain method (TDM), the best method for moving force identification to date, a carefully comparative study scheme was planned and conducted, which includes considering the effect of a few main parameters, such as basis function terms, mode number involved in the identification calculation, measurement stations, executive CPU time, Nyquist fraction of digital filter, and two different solutions to the ill-posed system equation of moving force identification. It was observed that the MOMA has many good properties same as the TDM, but its CPU execution time is just less than one tenth of the TDM, which indicates an achievement in which the MOMA can be used directly for real-time analysis of moving force identification in field.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2002

Experiments for the characterization of inactivation were performed in a series of batch processes with the total coliform used as a general indicator organism based on the chlorine residuals as a disinfectant. The water samples were taken from the outlet of a settling basin in a conventional surface water treat- ment system that is provided with the raw water drawn from the mid-stream of the Han River, The inactivation of total coliform was experimentally analysed for the dose of disinfectants contact time, filtration and mixing intensity. The curves obtained from a series of batch processes were shaped with a general tailing-off and biphasic mode of inactivation, i.e. a sharp loss of bacterial viability within 15 min followed by an extended phase. In order to observe the effect of carry-over suspended solids on chlorine consumption and disinfection efficiency, the water samples were filtered, prior to inoculation with coliforms, with membranes of both 2.5$\mu$m and 11.0 $\mu$m pore size, and with a sand tilter of 1.0 mm in effective size and of 1.4 in uniformity coefficient. As far as the disinfection efficiency is concerned, there were no significant differences. The parameters estimated by the models of Chick-Wat-son, Hom and Selleck from our experimental data obtained within 120 min are: log(N/N$\_$0/)=-0.16CT with n=1, leg(N/N$\_$0/)=-0.71C$\^$0.87/ with n 1 for the Chick-Watson model, log (N/N$\_$0/)=-1.87C$\^$0.47/ T$\^$0.36/ for the Hom model, log (MHo)=-2.13log (1+CT/0.11) for the Selleck model. It is notable that among the models reviewed with regard to the experimental data obtained, the Selleck model appeared to most closely resemble the total coliform survival curve.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.142-153
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to survey primary students' perception of the global and local environmental issues. The subjects were 853 fifth primary students in Seoul, Busan, Daejeon, Anyang, Gimpo and Cheongju. The results were as follows: First, the perception level of the global environmental issues were global warming (M=3.99), drinking-water pollution (M=3.92), acid rain (M=3.77), yellow dust (M=3.66), ozone depletion (M=3.57), deforestation in tropical areas (M=3.52), desertification (M=3.36), biodiversity (M=3.40) and their perception level of local environmental issues were waste disposal (M=3.87), air pollution (M=3.74), bad smell (M=3.70), noise (M=3.61), river pollution (M=3.57), soil pollution (M=3.44). Second, it was shown that the metropolitan students' perception levels of environmental issues were higher than the non-metropolitan students'. There wasn't a significant difference in the perception levels of two scale environmental issues and characteristics for sex (p>.05). Third, the result of analyzing on the effects between characteristics was that the factors like 'environmental interest' and 'impact on personal life' had a strong influence on the 'behavior will' to solve the global environmental issues, and 'environmental interest' and 'personal knowledge' had a strong influence on the 'behavior will' to solve the local environmental issues. Fourth, the result of analyzing on the characteristics according to the types of the environmental issues showed that 'personal knowledge', 'environmental interest' and 'behavior will' were high in the global environmental issues (p<.01) and 'virtual contamination', 'human responsibility' and 'impact on personal life' were high in the local environmental issues (p<.05).

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2004

In order to analysis of the water pollution of the Anyang stream(one of the biggest branch streams of the Han River) and its main tributaries, the geological and topographical and rainfall features in its basin were investigated. To do this, the water samples were collected 23 points of the upper, mid and down of Anyang stream and its tributaries and were analyzed based on the chemical methods, Korean Biotic Index(KBI) and Saprobien systems. The Anyang stream basin has a characteristic of topographical torrential heavy rainfall like a typical rainfall feature in Korea. The concentration and the outflow rate of rainfall is very different in seasonal, and water pollution in dry season is especially severe. After 1997, although the water quality status of stream has been improved gradually, the concentration of T-N and SS at the upstream is increased due to the deficiency of facility used for collecting wastewater released from industrial factories, livestock farms and residential areas. The mainstream of the Anyang stream is classified into the 5th grade water as polysaprobic water area according to Saprobien system and the biotic index is over 2.5 in overall. Most of tributaries have 1~3 grade water limit with ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic except the upper and mid streams of Samsung tributary, in which pollution status is the lowest part. Though Sambong tributary is ${\alpha}$-mesosaproboic, biotic index is low because of the appearance of abundant benthos animals in farming and fishing villages.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.81-94
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• 1999

This study aims at a proposal of the plan that can improve raw water quality by an experimental study using influent water of Nak-dong river, which has been used as raw water for drinking in U-city, through the establishment of the submerged biofilter process PILOT PLANT of media packing channel method. From the analysis of removal efficiency for each water quality item of the collected sample, following results are obtained. First of all, the removal rate of suspended material, BOD, COD, T-N, TOC, turbidity, and $NH_3$ -N appear 82%, 78%, 42%, 15%, 57%, 43%, 54%, and 55% respectively and it is known that the submerged biofilter process of media packing channel method takes effects on water quality improvement from the above analysis results of water treatment efficiency. And the analyzed results for water temperature, residence time, and activities of microorganism, which can be the factors affect on water quality improvement, are as follows. 1) The removal rate variation of SS, BOD, and COD attendant on water temperature change is examined and it is known that the removal rate increases at $13^{\circ}C$ or above. 2) The removal rate of SS, BOD, and COD attendant on residence time is most active in the range of 0~18hr, 0~1.8hr, 0~2.7hr respectively, so it is found that the removal rate becomes smaller after 2.7hr. 3) From the examination of microorganism activity with the abundance of normal bacteria, it is found that the floating bacteria decrease as the flow distance from raw water inflow point of PILOT PLANT increases, and the adhesive bacteria have no concern with the flow distance. And it its known that the biomass of fine algae decreases as the flow distance from the raw water inflow point of PILOT PLANT increases from the examination with Chl-a.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Angola has a coastline of about 1,650 km long. Two diverging current namely, the Angola current with its warm water from the north and the cold Benguella Current in the south create a strong up-welling with a high productive ecosystem for marine resources. The area from Lobito to the mouth of the Cunene River, also known as the Southern fishing zone is by far the most productive of Angola's fishing zones. In 1977, the total potential of its marine fisheries sector was estimated at more than 700,000 tonnes per annum. In 2003, the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) established for demersal species was 57,600 tonnes and 160,000 tonnes for pelagic species. The most important resources are various marine demersal and pelagic fish including pilchard and the Cape and Cunene horse Mackerel (Tranchurus capensis and T. trecae). Sardinellas (Sardinella aurita and S. maderensis) are fished in parallel with horse mackerel. The rest of the catches are mainly demersal spp. and some deep water crustaceans. The demersal sppecies consist of Hake (Merluccius polli and M. capensis) and the large eye dentex spp. Tunas are caught at certain times of the year whilst some marine shrimp are also harvested from the Angolan waters. Angola also has several high value freshwater fish species, exploited by about 255 fishers. Tilapia sp. is among the most important and abundant fresh water fish found in Angola. Other species include the catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and fresh water prawns (Macrobrachuin rosenbergii). Some aquaculture ponds have been established in the country side, but due to lack of investment, proper training and the impact of civil war have seriously limited developments in the sub sector.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.94-108
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• 1993

In order to investigate the relation between the environmental properties and catch fluctuation of set net fishing ground located in the coastal waters of Yeosu, oceanographic observation and catches on the grounds were carried out from Jan. to Dec. in 1990 and 1992. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1) Because of the surveyed area is a costal shallow water, the fishing ground was influenced largely by atmospheric phenomena such as air temperature. precipitation. etc. and so showed large variations in temperature and salinity yearly. The inner water flowed out mainly between Yeosu ad Namhe-do, and then through Kumo-do between Dolsan-do and Kumo-do. On the other hand, off shore water was supplied into the fishing ground from the vicinity of Sori-do and Yokchi-do. thus the fishing ground was occupied usually by various sources of water. 2) The water mass in the fishing ground were divided into the inner water(29.0～30.6$\textperthousand$) and the mixed water(31,7～32.2$\textperthousand$) and off shore water(32.3～32.8$\textperthousand$) accourding to the distribution of salinity from T-S diagram plotted all salinity data observed in 1990 and 1992. In summer the inner and mixing water which was formed by river flowed southerly and spread south-easterly in the vicinity of Kumo-do. The off shore water which supplied from the vicinity of Sori-do and Yokchi-do and inner water formed the thermal front and halo front in summer. 3) The fishes caught by the set net were arranged in the order of catch amounts as follows: Spanish mackerel>Horse mackerel >Hair tail>Common mackerel> Sardine> Anchovy. The Catches of anchovy and sardine were high in April to May and those of hair tail and horse mackerel in July to September, but spanish mackerel were caught during the whole period of fishing. When inner water and mixing water appeared respectively and inner water and mixing water speared together in the set net fishing ground, the set net showed a high catch.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
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• pp.408-408
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• 2017

기후변화에 따른 극한 기후의 시 공간적 변동성과 패턴의 이상변화가 가속화되고 있으며, 이에 따른 물 순환 특성의 변화는 이수, 치수, 환경 그리고 친수 등 다양한 분야에서도 예측할 수 없는 결과를 초래하고 있다. 특히, 치수 및 이수 등 국내 수자원 관리의 대부분을 담당하고 있는 다목적댐 운영에서도 기후변화에 따른 유입량의 불확실성 증가로 안정적인 용수공급에 대한 어려움이 점차 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 유역 내의 수문학적 반응은 기상 및 지표 수문 인자의 물리적 상호메카니즘에 의해 발생하게 된다. 특히, 강우, 기온, 습도, 바람 등 기상학적 인자들은 유역 내의 수문 변동성에 직 간접적으로 영향을 주는 대표적인 인자이며, 이들 기상인자의 변동 특성을 반영하기 위한 기후지수(Climate Index, CI)는 지표수문인자인 유출과의 상관관계 분석에 유용하게 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강 유역 다목적댐을 대상으로 AR5 RCP 시나리오 기반의 기상인자에 대한 기후지수(CI)를 산정하고 다목적댐 유입량과의 상관성을 분석하였다. 대상유역의 기상 및 유입량 관측자료(1976-2005)는 기상청과 국가수자원관리종합정보시스템(WAMIS)를 이용하였으며, AR5 RCP 시나리오 기반의 유입량 자료(2005-2099)는 통계적 기법(QDM)으로 상세화된 기상자료를 입력인자로 수문모형(PRMS)을 통해 산정하였다. 또한, 기후지수(CI)와 유출지수(Standardized Streamflow Index, SSI)의 상관성 분석을 위해 Pearson 적률상관 분석방법을 적용하였으며, 통계적 유의성 검증은 Student t 검정방법을 적용하였다. 본 연구의 방법론과 결과는 기후변화에 따른 다목적댐 안정적인 용수공급을 위한 다양한 기술개발 시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
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• pp.523-527
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• 2017

우리나라의 수질오염총량관리제는 지역의 발전 계획과 하천의 수질을 연계시켜 목표수질을 달성하는 범위 내에서 개발을 허용한다는 것을 기본으로 하여 1999년 "한강수계상수원수질개선및주민지원등에관한법률"에 의해 처음 시행되었다. 그러나 한강수계보다 늦게 2004년에 도입된 낙동강, 금강, 영산강 섬진강 수계에서는 의무제 총량으로 우리나라에서 처음 도입되어 지난 12년간 시행되었으며 충청북도와 강원도를 제외한 한강수계에서도 2013년 6월부터 의무제 총량이 도입되었다. 1단계 수질오염총량관리제는 BOD만을 관리항목으로 설정하여 관리한 반면 2011년부터 2015년까지 시행하는 2단계 수질오염총량관리제는 부영양화 방지를 위해 총인항목을 포함하여 관리항목을 설정하여 관리하였으며, 2016년에 시작하여 2020년까지 시행하는 3단계수질오염총량관리제는 2단계에서와 같은 관리항목을 설정하여 시행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 3단계 영산강수계의 수질오염총량관리제 목표수질의 달성전망을 평가하기 위하여 3단계 기본계획에서 활용한 QUAL-MEV 모델을 이용하였으며, 2012년 수질자료를 보정자료로, 2015년 수질자료를 검증자료로 활용하여 구축하고 2020년의 영산강수계 8개 단위유역의 말단지점에 대하여 목표수질의 달성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 BOD는 영본A, 영본B지점에서 각각 목표수질을 21%, 8%를 초과하며 T-P는 영본A지점에서 30%를 초과하여 목표수질을 달성하지 못할 것으로 예측되었다. 영산강수계 3단계 수질오염총량관리제의 성공을 위하여 영본A, 영본B지점의 목표수질 달성을 위한 추가 수질개선계획의 수립이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2019

A calculation model of reservoir pressure field distribution around multiple production wells in a heavy oil reservoir is established, which can overcome the unreasonable uniform-pressure value calculated by the traditional mathematical model in the multiwell mining areas. A calculating program is developed based on the deduced equations by using Visual Basic computer language. Based on the proposed mathematical model, the effects of drainage rate and formation permeability on the distribution of reservoir pressure are studied. Results show that the reservoir pressure drops most at the wellbore. The farther the distance away from the borehole, the sparser the isobaric lines distribute. Increasing drainage rate results in decreasing reservoir pressure and bottom-hole pressure, especially the latter. The permeability has a significant effect on bottom hole pressure. The study provides a reference basis for studying the dynamic pressure field distribution before thermal recovery technology in heavy oilfield and optimizing construction parameters.