• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.8
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• pp.31.1-31.8
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• 2016

Background: Plasma protein hydrolysates have been shown to possess antioxidant activity. However, no report has yet to examine the antioxidant effects of injection of plasma protein hydrolysates on meat quality. Therefore, in this study, the effects of injection of hydrolysis plasma protein solution on meat quality and storability were investigated in porcine M. longissimus lumborum. Methods: Twelve pigs were randomly selected at a commercial slaughter plant and harvested. Dissected loins were injected with one of five solutions: C- control (untreated), T1- 10 mM phosphate buffer solution (PBS), T2- 10 mM PBS with 0.01 % butylated hydroxytoluene, T3- 10 mM PBS with 5 % plasma proteins, and T4- 10 mM PBS with 5 % hydrolysis plasma proteins. Results: T3 and T4 induced greater reduction in protein content of the loin muscle than other treatments. T2 resulted in the lowest pH as well as highest cooking loss. After a storage period of 3-7 days, both lightness and redness of meat were unaffected by all injection treatments. However, yellowness was significantly elevated by treatment with T4 relative to the control. T4 also resulted in the lowest shear force (a measure of meat toughness), suggesting improvement of texture or tenderness. Further, T4 resulted in the most stable TBARS values during storage, indicating that this treatment might retard rancidity in meat. Conclusion: Injection of porcine M. longissimus lumborum with hydrolysis plasma protein solution could improve overall pork quality, including tenderness and storability.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 1999

In order to evaluate the dietary regulation of cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.29) in cats, acitivity and protein content of CSAD were assessed in the liver and kidney of cats fed different levels of dietary protein, with and without taurine. Four groups of cats were fed one of the follow diets for 5 weeks ; 20% protein and taurine- free diet(LP0T) ; 20% protein and 0.15% taurine diet(LPNT) ; 60% protein and taurine-free diet(HP0T); and 60% protein and 0.15% taurine diet (HPNT). CSAD activity was determined in the liver and kidney of cats by measuring 14C2 released form [1-14C]-L cysteine sulfinic acid. CSAD protein was quantified using an immunochemical method. CSAD activity was extremely low in cat tissues, among which kidney showed the highest activity which was 0.118$\pm$0.050, and 0.377$\pm$0.056 nmol.min-1.mg soluble portein-1 iin animals fed LP0T and HP0T, respectively. Even though renal CSAD protein content was 18~55% of the hepatic CSAD protein content, renal CSAD acitivity was 1.3~6.5 times of the hepatic CSAD activity . Renal CSAD acitivities of cats fed 60% protein were about 1.6~3.2 times those of animals fed 2.% protein , and hepatic CSAD activity was not significantly affected by the dietary level of protein. Taurine depletion significantly elevated both hepatic and renal CSAD activities above the values for cats having normal taurine status most probably as an adaptive response.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.542-549
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• 2022

Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are flavonoids mainly found in citrus fruits and have been reported to exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, including anti-obesity, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory actions. To utilize PMFs as functional materials, it is necessary to develop a simple method of obtaining PMFs from citrus tissues containing a large amount of PMFs. It has been reported that Jinkyool (C. sunki Hort ex. Tanaka) peel contained a large amount of PMFs, but there are no studies on PMFs isolated from its leaves. In this study, we established a simple procedure for obtaining the PMF-rich fraction (PRF) from the leaves of Jinkyool and investigated the effects of PRF on lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells. PRF inhibited lipogenesis during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. It decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR𝛾) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBP𝛼), FAS, and adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein 2 (aP2). In mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, PRF increases the phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA)/hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), which are key factors involved in lipolysis. Moreover, it increases the phosphorylation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) involved in fatty acid oxidation. These results suggest that PRF from Jinkyool leaves can be used as an anti-obesity agent with the action of inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2003

In this study, broilers were raised up to 6 weeks of age in a single room to determine if different levels of dietary protein or addition of aluminum sulfate[alum, $Al_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$ㆍ14$H_2O$] to the litter affected growth performance, production of ammonia(NH$_3$) and soluble phosphorus(SP) content of the litter.The experimental treatments consisted of six treatments in a 2x3 factorial arrangements: T$_1$＝23% protein ＋ 0.2% alum to litter; T$_2$＝21% protein ＋ 0.2% alum to litter; T$_3$＝19% protein ＋ 0.2% alum to litter; T$_4$＝23% protein ＋ no alum; T$_{5}$＝21% protein ＋ no alum; T$_{6}$＝19% protein ＋ no alum. For broiler performance, there was no effect of alum addition to the litter, but the dietary protein levels significantly affected feed intake from days 22 to 42(P<0.05) and day 0 to 42(P< 0.05), weight gain during all periods(P<0.05 or 0.01), and feed:gain from day 0 to 21(P<0.05) and day 0 to 42(P<0.05). Alum addition to the litter did not affect body weight at 21 and 42 days, but dietary protein levels has a significant effect on it at both 21(P<0.0l) and 42 days(P<0.05). Alum addition only affected ammonia production at weeks 3(P

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.233-239
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• 1997

A mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) established as a model for lactation was utilized to identify and characterize effects of various hormones upon insulin-like growth factor binding protein secretion. Ligand and immunoblot analyses of conditioned media indicated that insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 was secreted by MAC-T cells. Insulin-like growth factor-I stimulated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 secretion in a dose-dependent manner, but prolactin and bovine somatotropin did not alter insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 secretion. Insulin increased and cortisol decreased insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 secretion. Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 secretion support previous studies using primary cultures of bovine mammary cells and bovine fibroblasts. Effects of cortisol and insulin on insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 secretion may be explained by changes in protein synthesis. In addition, supraphysiological doses of insulin can cross-react with the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor and stimulate insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 secretion. MAC-T cells provide a model system to study mechanisms that regulate local insulin-like growth factor-I bioactivity.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.325-332
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• 1994

The effects of polyamines on the activities of elongation factors EF-1 and EF-2, phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, and tRNA were investigated. The activities of EF-1 and EF-2 were mostly stimulated by spermidine among three kinds of polyamines. The activities of EF-1 and EF-2 were investigated in the presence of spermidine by 230 and 181%, respectively. The activity of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase was slightly increased in the presence of polyamines. The effect of spermine on the synthetase was higher than that of the other polyamines. The tRNA activity in the presence fo polyamines was increased by 206% with spermidine, by 144% with spermine, and by 114% with putrescine. According to these results, it is concluded that polyamines in higher plants stimulate the protein biosynthesis by promoting the activities of elongation factors EF-1 and EF-2, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and tRNAs, but the effects of polyamines on the various components for protein biosynthesis are different in according to the kind of polyamines.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2007

Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (${\alpha}$-TTP) is a liver cytosolic transport protein that faciliates ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\alpha}$-T) transfer into liver secreted plasma lipoproteins. Genetic defects in ${\alpha}$-TTP, like dietary vitamin E deficiency, are associated with infertility, muscular weakness and neurological disorders. Both human and ${\alpha}$-TTP deficient (${\alpha}-TTP^{-/-}$) mice exhibit severe plasma and tissue vitamin E deficiency that can be attenuated by sufficient dietary ${\alpha}$-T supplementations. In this review, we summarize the literature concerning studies utilizing the ${\alpha}-TTP^{-/-}$ mice. Levels of vitamin E in the ${\alpha}-TTP^{-/-}$ mice do not appear to be directly related to the amounts of dietary ${\alpha}$-T or to the levels of ${\alpha}$-TTP protein in tissues. The ${\alpha}-TTP^{-/-}$ mice appear to present a good model for investigating the specific role of ${\alpha}$-T in tissue vitamin E metabolism. Furthermore, ${\alpha}-TTP^{-/-}$ mice appear to be useful to elucidate functions of ${\alpha}$-TTP beyond its well recognized functions of transferring ${\alpha}$-T from liver to plasma lipoprotein fractions.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2022

Objectives: Juknyeok (JN) is natural liquor extracted from bamboo stems (Phyllostachys bambusoides) and has been used as a traditional Korean medicine for improving vascular function, blood glucose, and treating stroke. Until now, the JN's lipid-lowering effect and underlying mechanism in adipocytes are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to scrutinize the effect of a standardized commercial JN on lipid accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods: Lipid and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were measured by Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay, respectively. Cell count analysis was used to ascertain 3T3-L1 cytotoxicity. Immunoblotting and Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to assess protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels in 3T3-L1 cells, respectively. Results: Treatment with JN at 25 𝜇l/ml after pH calibration with 6.35 significantly reduced lipid and TG accumulation in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes without significant cytotoxicity. On mechanistic levels, JN markedly suppressed protein expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-𝛽 and fatty acid synthase (FAS) during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. However, JN did not affect the protein expression levels of C/EBP-𝛼, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-𝛽/𝛾, and phosphorylation levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3/5 in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. JN also reduced leptin mRNA expression levels in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Conclusions: JN at 25 𝜇l/ml lowers lipid accumulation and TG content in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells, mediated through the reduced expression levels of C/EBP-𝛽 and FAS.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.382-386
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• 1988

Extracellular protein produced by Bacillus sp. $T_2-3$ was characterized for its patterns of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and sephadex G-100 filtration, spectrum of maximum absorption, composition of amino acid and solubility to solvents. The extracellular protein was composed of two kinds of protein which was little difference in molecular weight about 49,000. Maximum absorbance of the extracellular protein was showed at 230nm and main amino acids of the extracellular protein were aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine. Solubility of the extracellular protein was 55.8% in $H_2O$ and 28.4% in 0.4% NaOH.

• Mycobiology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.147-149
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• 2005

The investigation was undertaken to enhance the decomposition process by pre-treatment of rice stubble, having higher concentration of lignin. Air-dried rice stubble was treated with 1.8 liter of 1% NaOH and autoclaved. Six cellulolytic fungi, Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium citrinum, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus flavus and Alternaria alternata were grown in basal synthetic medium along with delignified rice-residue as carbon source for production of soluble crude protein. Though the loss of cellulose has been observed by all of them but having a considerable status in the presence of T. harzianum and T. harzianum yielded highest percentage of crude protein (27.99%) with biomass of 375 mg, whereas the lowest protein value (17.91%) was recorded in case of A. niger with biomass of 422 mg. Among the imperfect fungi, T. harzianum was the most potent. Effects of incubation period and nitrogen sources on soluble crude protein production by T. harzianum were also undertaken in this study. Fifth day of incubation period and potassium nitrate as nitrogen source among other nitrogen sources was found most appropriate for soluble crude protein production by the mentioned organism.