• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2012

엉치엉덩관절의 고정(sacroiliac joint fixation; SIJF)은 넙다리뒤근육의 과긴장을 일으키고, 호흡시 나타나는 엉치뼈의 움직임을 제한한다. 본 연구는 카이로프랙틱 기법 중 엎드린 자세에서 시술되어지는 S.O.T category I 골반 블록 중재가 SIJF를 완화시킬 수 있는지 알아보기 위한 것이다. 발꿈치긴장 검사를 통해 SIJF를 가진 26명의 참가자를 선정하여 실험군과 대조군에 각기 13명씩 무작위 할당하였다. 실험군은 category I 블록 중재를 받았고, 대조군은 거짓블록 중재를 받았다. 중재 전과 후에 넙다리뒤근육의 긴장 정도(체전굴 검사 이용)와 호흡시 엉치뼈의 움직임을 측정하였다. 발꿈치긴장 검사 결과 실험 군에 속한 참가자는 모두 음성반응을 보인 반면, 통제군의 참가자들은 양성반응을 보여 블록중재가 SIJF를 완화시킨 것을 확인하였다. 공분산분석(ANCOVA)에서 블록중재에 의해 체전굴 측정치[F(1, 23)=7.73, p<.05]와 호흡시 엉치뼈의 움직임[F(1, 23)=7.07, p<.05] 모두가 유의하게 증가된 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 통제군에서는 중재 전과 후의 차이가 없었다. 이 결과는 비침습적 중재법인 S.O.T category I 블록 기법이 SIJF와 관련된 증상을 완화시킬 수 있는 유용한 방법임을 시사한다.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.681-691
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• 2002

We study categorical properties of the category SWQOS (S$\^$U/WQOS, S$\^$L/WQOS, resp) of (upper, lower, resp.) semi-continuous quasi-ordered spaces and the subcategory SWPOS (S$\^$U/WPOS, S$\^$L/WPOS, resp.) of (upper, lower, resp.) semicontinuous partially ordered spaces. We show that the categories S$\^$U/WPOS, S$\^$L/WPOS and SWPOS are closed under the formation of initial mono-sources in the category TQOS of topological quasi-ordered spaces, and they we mono-topological, complete and cocomplete epireflective subcategories of the category TQOS. We obtain their MacNeille and universal initial completions, as well as those of subcatego.ies S$\^$U/WQOS(S$\^$L/WQOS) and SWQOS, in which the topologies are T$\_$0/ and T$_1$, respectively.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.80-93
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• 1987

Mass chemotherapy of Clonorchis sinensis infection in Korea was started in 1982 with 40mg/kg body weight single dose administration scheme of praziquantel. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of current mass chemotherapy project and compare the epidemiological changes in endemic area of Ckmorchis sinensis. This study was performed at Kimhae-city and Samrangjin-eup of Miryang-gun, Kyongnam province, highly endemic area of C. sinensis located southeastern part of Korea from July to October of 1986. The therapy project of Kimhae area was performed in 1984, whereas that of Samrangjin was done in 1985 by stool examination of the Korea Association for Parasite Eradication(KAPE) and drug administration of local health centre. The results obtained were as follows; 1) As a results of stool examination from 234 specimens obtained in Kimhae area, the infection rate has decreased to 34.2%from 45.6p in 1983, but the infection rate of C. sinensis from 341 specimens obtained in Samrangjin area did not decrease (58.1%in 1986 490%in 1983). 2) The study in Kimhae area showed that the average EPG decreased remarkably from 4,858 to 1,340 and those classified above the category of heavy infection decreased also from 14.0pp to 1.7%. The study in Samrangjin area showed that the average EPG did decrease drastically from 9,597 to 6,498 and those classified above the category of heavy infection did not go down drastically from 25.2% to 14.2%. 3) The study in Kimhae area showed decrease of Cs.$D._{50}$ in comparison to that in 1983, wheareas Cs.$D._{50}$ in Samrangjin area showed no much difference compared to that in 1983. The intensities of endemicity were represented with the regression equation calculated with the cumulative percentages of EPG count. Regression equation was Y=4.49+1.19 log x in Kimhae area and Y=3.66+127 log x in Samrangjin area. 4) The two stage catalytic model was applied and the calculation lead to the equation $Y=5.33(e^{-0.018t}-e^{-0.016t})$ in Kimhae area and $Y=1.25(e^{-0.010t}-e^{-0.018t})$ in Kimhae area and $Y=125(e^{-0.010t}-e^{-0.050t})$ in Samrangjin area 5) The infection rate of cercaria in P.manchouric-us studied in Kimhae area showed 1.25% which is not much different from that in previous years, wheareas the infection rate of metacercaria in P. parva studied in the same area this year showed 2.5-20.2/gm of flesh in comparison to 64/gm of flesh in 1983. 6) Data of C. sinensis infection on the reservoir host in Kimhae area showed 4 out of 18 dogs, 1 out of 18 rats and that in Samrangjin area showed 2 out of 18 dogs respectively. 7) Among the inhabitants who were under mass chemotherapy in Kimhae area, 71out of them, upon stool examination, showed infection rate of 66.2% and those classified above the category of heavy infection, 2.4%. In comparison to infection rate of 33.7% and those classified above the category of heavy infection, which is 1.0%, obtained from those not under mass chemotherapy showed higher infection rate and somewhat equal distribution of intensity of infection. The above statements reflect the fact that individual therapy besides mass chemotherapy was prevalent in that area. 8) On the other side, the studies in Samrangjin area showed infection rate of 68.7% and those above the category of heavy infection, which is 6.1%, in comparison to infection rate of 58.3% and those above the category of heavy infection, which is 16.5%, in those not under mass chemotherapy. the above reflects that although a good deal of inhabit-ants were classified under light or moderate infection category, those above the category of heavy infection, yet, numbered a lot, and individual chemotherapy has not been going on. In conclusion, it was suggested that the number of reinfected inhabitants among those under mass chemotherapy were numerous. Accordingly, the reinforcement of health education should be followed with mass chemotherapy. The facts of high infection rate exemplified by 65% and high number of those above the category of heavy infection in Samrangjin area say that reevaluation of dosage, number of medication and intervals should be necessarily made.

• 인지과학
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• 제11권3_4호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2000

이 연구는 지식유형에 따른 표상 차이를 확인하기 위해서 범주지식과 각본지식의 위계성과 전형성에 대한 점화효과를 측정하였다. 실험 1에서는 상위개념을 점화단어로 제시하고 하위개념을 목표단어로 제시한 다움 목표단어의 어휘판단시간을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 범주지식은 전형단어가 비전형단어보다 반응시간이 빨랐지만, 각본지식은 두 조건간의 차이가 없었다. 실험 2에서는 하위개념을 점화단어로 제시하고 상위개념을 목표단어로 제시한 다음 목표단어의 어위판단시간을 측정하였다. 범주지식이 각본지식보다 반응시간이 빨랐으며, 두 지식 모두 전형성 효과는 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 범주지식은 전형성에 따른 위계구조를 구성하지만 각본지식은 범주지식에 비해서 위계성과 전형성이 약회된 구조로 표상될 가능성을 시사하는 것이다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.235-246
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to discover the experience of hemodialysis which clients confronted hemodialysis at the same time as CRF diagnosis and to understand the nature and meaning of their crisis experience. The research subjects were 6 clients receiving hemodialysis in Seoul from Jan. 1996 to Jul. 1996. Data were collected by informal indepth interview and participant observation. Content Analysis(by Seaman & Verhonick, 1982; Woods & Catanzaro, 1988) was applied to collect similar contents and common experience in order to derivate concepts and categories for better understanding of their hemodialysis experience. As a result, 6 categories derivated to indentify their hemodialysis experience of the CRF clients-confronted hemodialysis at the same time as CRF diagnosis-were as follows: 1) The category of shocking crisis composed the concepts of shock, amagement and suffocation. 2) The category of denial composed the concepts of disease refusal and hemodialysis refusal. They repeatedly visited hospitals or didn't visit hospital in order to refuse disease, then depended on folk remedy or shamanistic method. 3) The category of severe anxiety composed the concepts of abandoned feeling, shame, resentment, neurosis and anger. 4) The category of depression composed the concepts of grief, suffering of unfairness, tearing, desire to death. 5) The category of powerlessness composed the concept of hopelessness. 6) The category of resigned acceptance composed the concepts of resignation and acceptance. In this study, the CRF clients who confronted hemodialysis at the same time as CRF diagnosis experienced six stages in accepting hemodialysis but these stages were mingled simultaneously and went on.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2009

목적 : 유방자기공명영상에서 3 차원 최대 강도 투사 (3D MIP) 재건 영상의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 유방암으로 진단받고 유방자기공명영상을 시행한 27명의 환자의 54개의 유방을 대상으로 하였다. GE Signa Excite Twin speed (GE medical system, Wisconsin, USA) 1.5 T 기기를 이용하여 기본 영상으로 축면 T2 강조 T1 강조 영상과 시상면 T1 강조 지방 억제 영상, 역동적 조영 증강 영상과 감산 영상을 얻었다. 이후 초기 역동적 조영증강 영상의 감산영상으로 워크스테이견 (GE Medical system)을 이용하여 3D MIP 영상을 얻었다. 3D MIP 영상과 기본 유방자기공명영상에서 발견된 병변을 ACR BI-$RADS^{(R)}$ MRI lexicon에 따라 분석하였다. 각각의 영상에서 발견된 병변의 소견들을 비교하고 3D MIP에서 기본자기공명영상에서 보다 추가적인 정보를 얻을 수 있는지 알아보았다. 결과 : 종괴의 경우 기본 유방자기공명영상에서 보이는 56개 중 43개가 3D MIP 영상에서 발견되었다 (76.8%). 비종괴성 조영 증강의 경우 20개 중 17개가 발견되었다 (85%). 169개의 초점성 조영증강 병변이 3D MIP 영상에서, 109개가 기본 유방자기공명영상에서 확인되었다. 3D MIP 영상에서 60.9%의 category 3병변이 발견되었고(14/23), 68.87%의 category 4 병변 (11/16), 100%의 category 5병변 (28/28)이 발견되었다. 3D MIP 영상에서 분석된 조영증강 병변들의 category가 기본 유방 자기공명 영상의 결과들과 통계적으로 일치하였다(p-value < 0.0001). 기본 유방 자기공명 영상에서 초점으로 분석된 2개의 병변들이 3D MIP 영상에서는 다초점성의 악성 병변으로 발견되었고, 1개의 추가적 병변이 3D MIP 영상에서만 발견되었다. 결론 : 3D MIP 영상은 한계점들을 갖고 있으나, 기본 유방자기공명영상의 분석에 있어 추가적으로 이용 시 유용하다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2000

The study was conducted to investigate the burnout of firefighters. The subjects were 223 firefighters in C-Do. The instruments used for this study were a survey of general characteristics(10 items), burnout(23 items). Analysis of data was done by use of mean percentage, t-test, ANOVA, stepwise multiple regression with SAS program. The results of this study are as follows; 1. Burnout according to general characteristics were showed significant difference in job-aptitude(F＝6.30, P<.001), health status(F＝5.92, P<.001), education(t＝6.09, P<.01), working place rotation(t＝2.59, P<.01), call number/week(F＝3.28, P<.01), job-burden(F＝4.45, P<.01), paper-job burden(F＝3.87, P<.05). 2. Category score of burnout were showed the higher score in the lowed personal accomplishment(3.29). 3. Category score of burnout according to aptitude were showed difference each other. 4. Predicting factor of burnout were paper-job burden, health status, job-burden(20.99%).

• 대한수학회보
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.189-196
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• 1990

In this paper, we try to generalize ultraproducts in the category of locally convex spaces. To do so, we introduce D-ultracolimits. It is known [7] that the topology on a non-trivial ultraproduct in the category T $V^{ec}$ of topological vector spaces and continuous linear maps is trivial. To generalize the category Ba $n_{1}$ of Banach spaces and linear contractions, we introduce the category L $C_{1}$ of vector spaces endowed with families of semi-norms closed underfinite joints and linear contractions (see Definition 1.1) and its subcategory, L $C_{2}$ determined by Hausdorff objects of L $C_{1}$. It is shown that L $C_{1}$ contains the category LC of locally convex spaces and continuous linear maps as a coreflective subcategory and that L $C_{2}$ contains the category Nor $m_{1}$ of normed linear spaces and linear contractions as a coreflective subcategory. Thus L $C_{1}$ is a suitable category for the study of locally convex spaces. In L $C_{2}$, we introduce $l_{\infty}$(I. $E_{i}$ ) for a family ( $E_{i}$ )$_{i.mem.I}$ of objects in L $C_{2}$ and then for an ultrafilter u on I. we have a closed subspace $N_{u}$ . Using this, we construct ultraproducts in L $C_{2}$. Using the relationship between Nor $m_{1}$ and L $C_{2}$ and that between Nor $m_{1}$ and Ba $n_{1}$, we show thatour ultraproducts in Nor $m_{1}$ and Ba $n_{1}$ are exactly those in the literatures. For the terminology, we refer to [6] for the category theory and to [8] for ultraproducts in Ba $n_{1}$..

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this studγ is to understand relations among perceived stress, stress coping method, self-rare behavior and Hemoglobin $A_1c$ of elderly diabetic mellitus patients. Method: Participants were 128 patients who were under medical treatment in outpatient department at C university hospital. The collected data were analyzed using technical statistics, frequency, percentage, T-test, ANOVA and person's correlation coefficient by SPSS 12.0. Result: There were positive correlation between self-care behavior and coping method based on emotions under the lower category of stress coping method. Hemoglobin $A_1c$ of patients had a negative correlation with physical exorcise of self coping method under the lower category. Perceived stress had also a negative correlation with emotions as coping method in the lower category and medication of self-care behavior. Conclusion: It was noted that elderly diabetic mellitus patients didn't much use a coping method based mainly problems and another method based emotions in case of perceived stress. The findings of this study will be useful for developing an nursing intervention program focused on elderly diabetic mellitus patients.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2008

Let $Lu=u_{tt}+u_{xxxx}$ and E be the complete normed space spanned by the eigenfunctions of L. We reveal the existence of six nontrivial solutions of a nonlinear suspension bridge equation $Lu+bu^+=1+{\epsilon}h(x,t)$ in E when the nonlinearity crosses three eigenvalues. It is shown by the critical point theory induced from the limit relative category of the torus with three holes and finite dimensional reduction method.