• 논리연구
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.401-435
• /
• 2016

"비가 오고 있다"는 문장이 나타내는 명제는 때때로 <비가 오고 있다> 그대로가 될 수 있는가? 아니면, 항상 시간 및 장소를 포함하는 <시간 t에, 장소 p에서 비가 오고 있다>인가? 이에 대한 논쟁은 영원주의(eternalism)와 일시주의(temporalism) 사이의 논쟁으로 알려져 있으며, 고전적 명제주의와 이에 대한 반론이라는 더 넓은 범주 논쟁의 하부 논쟁에 해당한다. 이런 논쟁에 대해서 카펠렌과 호쏜(2009)은 고전적 명제주의[영원주의]의 입장에 서서, 그들 자신이 '대용어적 '그것'(anaphoric 'that')논증'이라고 부르는 비고전적 명제주의[일시주의] 측의 한 논증을 제시하고, 그에 대한 흥미로운 비판을 제기한다. 본 논문에서 나는 그들의 논의를 살펴보고 이에 대해서 재반박함으로써, 고전적 명제주의를 고수하는 것이 여전히 난관에 처해 있다는 점을 보이도록 노력할 것이다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.499-504
• /
• 2003

Future bridge decks must have high load-resistance capacity as well as fatigue strength to withstand the increase in traffic loading and the increase in span length between girders due to the decrease in the number of main girders. Steel-concrete composite bridge decks may be proper deck types to satisfy such requirements. To promote the application of composite bridge decks, a rational process to predict and evaluate the fatigue behavior of steel concrete composite bridge deck is required. Various types of steel-concrete composite bridge decks have been developed in many countries. In this study, combining advantages of the existing composite deck types, a new type of composite bridge deck is proposed. An experimental study is performed to examine the fatigue behavior of the proposed composite bridge deck. This composite bridge deck consists of corrugated steel sheet, welded T-beams, stud-type shear connectors and reinforced concrete filler. The fatigue tests are conducted under four-point bending test with three different stress ranges in constant amplitude. The fatigue category of the fillet welding between corrugated steel sheet and the T-beam is evaluated based on the S-N data obtained from the experiment.

• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.687-700
• /
• 1994

Throughout this paper we will let H denote the complete Heyting algebra ($H, \vee, \wedge, *$) with order reversing involution *. 0 and 1 denote the supermum and the infimum of $\emptyset$, respectively. Given any set X, any element of $H^X$ is called H-fuzzy set (or, simply f.set) in X and will be denoted by small Greek letters, such as $\mu, \nu, \rho, \sigma$. $H^X$ inherits a structure of H with order reversing involution in natural way, by definding $\vee, \wedge, *$ pointwise (sam notations of H are usual). If $f$ is a map from a set X to a set Y and $\mu \in H^Y$, then $f^{-1}(\mu)$ is the f.set in X defined by f^{-1}(\mu)(x) = \mu(f(x))$. Also for $\sigma \in H^X, f(\sigma)$ is the f.set in Y defined by $f(\sigma)(y) = sup{\sigma(x) : f(x) = y}$ ([4]). A preorder R on a set X is reflexive and transitive relation on X, the pair (X,R) is called preordered set. A map $f$ from a preordered set (X, R) to another one (Y,T) is said to be preorder preserving (inverting) if for $x,y \in X, xRy$ implies $f(x)T f(y) (resp. f(y)Tf(x))$. For the terminology and notation, we refer to [10, 11, 13] for category theory and [7] for H-fuzzy semitopogenous spaces.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
• /
• 제6권12호
• /
• pp.3606-3612
• /
• 1999

보안 공격에 대한 완벽한 방어 능력을 갖춘 시스템(IDS)은 없다. 왜냐하면 시스템의 모든 특성과 모든 공격 패턴을 수용한다는 것은 IDS 그 자체의 부하가 시스템에 많은 영향을 줄 수 있기 때문이며, 지능적으로 공격 패턴을 달리하는 많은 공격유형을 모두 인식할 수 없기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 보다 효율적이고 실시간 탐지가 가능한 IDS 시스템을 위해 서비스 거부공격에 대한 새로운 분류 체계를 제안한다. 이는 목적 지향적 시스템이 시스템의 운영상태를 범용시스템에 비해 명확히 할 수 있다는 생각에서 출발되었으며 각 운영상태의 변화는 새로운 사건에 의해 기인되며, 이 사건이 어떠한 범주에 속하는지를 확인하여 분류 속성에 따른 침입탐지 시스템을 설계에 활용할 수 있다.

• 임상간호연구
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.267-278
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study was attempted to identify the importance and performance of person-centered care in nurses in intensive care units (ICU) at general hospitals and to derive the priority of practical person-centered care needs and intervention by analysing their needs. Methods: A total of 156 ICU nurses who wrote a written consent participated in a survey questionnaire on person-centered critical care nursing (PCCN). The collected data were analyzed using paired t-test, Borich's needs assessment, and the Locus for Focus Model. Results: All 15 items of person-centered care in ICU nurses were found to be significantly higher in perception of importance than performance level (t=17.98, p<.001). According to the analysis of Borich's needs and the Locus of Focus Model, person-centered care items with highest priority in ICU were therapeutic contact, comfort words and actions, and efforts to empathize with patients in the compassion category. Conclusion: As a strategy to improve the person-centered nursing performance of ICU nurses in the 'individuality', it is necessary for ICU nurses to recognize the ICU patients as an individualized person, not as a disease or machine-dependent entity. Also, it is necessary to develop programs to improve the ICU nurses' compassion competence because 'compassion' was a top priority according to Borich's needs assessment model and the Locus for Focus Model.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제28권5A호
• /
• pp.623-629
• /
• 2008

일반적으로 각국의 강구조물 시공현장에서 사용되고 있는 고장력볼트의 인장강도는 1,000 MPa급이 주종을 이루고 있으나, 고강도강과 극후판의 개발 및 보급과 강교량 건설기술의 발전에 따른 교량 지간의 장대화로 인하여 강도가 큰 새로운 볼트 개발이 요구되어 왔다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 새롭게 개발된 F13T급 고장력볼트를 이용하여 마찰계수에 따른 마찰연결부 피로실험을 수행하여 피로강도를 평가하였다. 결과적으로 피로실험결과 마찰연결부의 피로강도 B등급을 만족하였다. 또한, 마찰연결부의 피로파단에 대해서 분석하였다.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.153-164
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to develop the new Environmental Impact Assessment techniques for the grading of rareness in plant. 17 EISs which were submitted in 1996 were analyzed to know the problems in existent EIA techniques for the conservation of rare plants. Category of rare plant was reevaluated and evaluation technique for the grading of rareness in plant was developed. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. The evaluation technique of rareness in plant was not reflected in the current preparation provision for EIS. And t his fact also appeared in most of the EIS which were reexamined in this study. 2. The category of rare species which have been considered as the subject of protection in EIA have to be enlarged to more than legally protected species designated by MOE. 3. The taxonomic characteristics and status of species, characteristics of population, geographical characters, extent of threat and its possibility by man resulted from the habitat loss were investigated. Each item was endowed scores from 1 to 5 and all the scores were summed, and then this value was used to evaluate the order of conservation. 4. Conservation measures for the rare plants have to be applied according to the levels of rareness grade, and they are absolute conservation, in situ conservation, transplanting and ex situ conservation, post observation and none by the levels from A to E. 5. Considering the phenology of rare plants, investigation for the rare plants have to be made a1 least three times. 6. Size of the MVP(Minimum Viable Population), pollination ecology also have to be considered for the conservation of rare plants. And in the case of adopting ex situ conservation measure, the site and methods for the conservation of rare plants have to be proposed in detail.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.33-46
• /
• 1998

Introduction : In Korea, national attention to the workplace health promotion programs (HPP) for employees began in early 1990s. Governmental supports for the HPP and education programs have given to the employees. The purpose of this study is to find the performance degree of employees' health promoting lifestyle(HPL). Subjects and Methods : For this study, 615 employees who attended governmental educations were selected as research samples. The tool for measuring HPL used in this study was developed for Korean by In-Sook Park in 1995. It is composed of 4-point scaled 60 items and divided into 11 subcategories. The data were collected by self reporting questionnaires from June to December in 1997. Those data were analyzed percentile, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, t-test with SAS program. Major findings are as follows; 1. The total mean score of the employees' HPL performance was 2.66. The average scores of 'harmonious relationships' category were the highest as 3.11, whereas the one of 'professional health maintenance' were the lowest as 2.02. The remains were 'sanitary life'(2.90), 'emotional support(2.85), 'regular diet'(2.84), 'self achievement'(2.78), 'healthy diet'(2.56), 'rest and sleep'(2.56), 'exercise and activity'(2.54), 'diet control'(2.53), 'self-control'(2.52). 2. The factors affecting HLP were category of industries and sex, age, marital status, education level, major, educational experience of health promotion, among personal characteristics. The employees of service industries, female, older age, married, nurse, educated for health promotion, graduated from junior college performed HLP more than the others. 3. The participation rates of employees for HPP were 12.4%, because of limited time and facilities and equipments. Recommendations; 1. The regulation for performing the health promotion programs in the industries is essential for activating industrial health promoting movement. 2. More governmental supports for educations and services for health promotion programs in the industries are needed. 3. For behavioral changes of the employees, the contents of educations have to consist of exercise and activity, rest and sleep, diet and smoking habits. 4. The evaluating studies for ready made health promotion programs in the industries are expected.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.226-235
• /
• 2009

내비게이션 시스템에서 목적지를 찾기 위하여 목적지의 이름, 분류, 주소, 전화번호 등의 정보를 이용하게 되는데 대부분의 사용자들은 이들 중에서 목적지의 이름을 사용한다. 그런데 사용자들은 공급사에서 제공하는 POI DB에 등재된 이름을 정확히 알지 못할 뿐만 아니라 편의상 축약된 명칭이나 일반적으로 불리어지는 명칭 등으로 POI 검색을 시도하므로 검색이 실패하는 경우가 빈번하다. 본 논문에서는 내비게이션 시스템에서 이름으로 검색 할 때 검색 성공률을 제고할 수 있는 이형태 DB 구축 시스템을 제안한다. 이 시스템은 원 DB의 POI 명과 연결되는 이형태를 생성하여 DB화한다. 우리는 이형태의 생성을 위하여 약 650,000 개의 개체를 가지고 있는 원 DB의 POI 명으로부터 모은 패턴을 분석하여 이형태의 유형을 7 가지로 분류하였다 분류한 유형을 토대로 일정한 패턴이 존재하여 자동화가 가능한 유형들에 대하여 577개의 규칙을 만들어 자동으로 이형태를 구축하였다. 규칙으로 만들기가 어렵거나 빈도수가 적은 개체들에 대해서는 수동으로 이형태를 구축하였다. 생성된 비율은 전체 POI DB의 35.8%에 해당하며 구축한 이형태 DB를 사용한 검색 성공률은 89%이었다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.27-46
• /
• 2009

현재 우리나라에는 어린이도서관과 어린이도서의 특성을 반영하여 개발된 표준적인 어린이도서 분류법이 없어, 어린이도서관 실무자뿐만 아니라 이용자들이 많은 불편과 어려움을 감수하고 있다 이 연구는 이러한 현실을 고려하여 어린이도서관에서 보편적으로 적용 가능한 어린이도서 분류법을 개발하고자 시도되었다. 이를 위해 어린이도서에 대한 범주를 조사한 후 어린이도서관 자료의 유별 현황을 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 어린이도서 분류법을 개발하였다. 이 연구에서 개발된 어린이도서 분류법은 KDC를 기본으로 하여 어린이도서관을 위해 새로이 설계된 형태로, 분류항목 설정과 주제별 전개수준에 있어 어린이도서관과 어린이도서의 특성을 최대한 반영하여 개발하였다는데 그 의의가 있다.