• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.871-876
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• 2013

오미자의 위생과 저장성에 관여하는 미생물(총 호기성세균, 효모 및 곰팡이균)의 저감을 위해서 세척수 종류(물, $ClO_2$, $H_2O_2$) 및 농도별 이산화염소수($ClO_2$ 10 ppm, $ClO_2$ 15 ppm, $ClO_2$ 20 ppm, $ClO_2$ 25 ppm, $ClO_2$ 30 ppm)처리에 따른 세척시간(30~90초) 및 세척배수(${\times}1{\sim}{\times}4$)을 달리 처리하여 오미자 표면에 존재하는 총 호기성 세균수, 효모 및 곰팡이균수를 측정하였다. 오미자의 세척수 종류에 따른 미생물 균수 측정 결과, 세척하지 않은 구(control) 및 물세척 처리구보다 이산화염소수 처리구 및 과산화수고 처리구가 총세균, 효모 및 곰팡이 균수가 감소하였음을 확인하였다. 이산화염소($ClO_2$)수를 이용한 오미자의 세척시간에 따른 미생물 균수 측정 결과 총 세균과 효모 및 곰팡이는 이산화염소 농도 30 ppm 에서는 30초, 15 ppm에서는 60초, 10 ppm에서는 90초 처리시 검출되지 않았다. 또한 세척배수에 따른 미생물 사멸 효과는 이산화염소 농도 30 ppm 에서는 ${\times}1$, 20 ppm에서는 ${\times}2$, 15 ppm에서는 ${\times}4$로 처리시 총 세균과 효모 및 곰팡이가 측정되지 않았다. 이런 결과로 미루어 보아 이산화염소수 처리구는 이산화염소수의 농도가 증가하고 세척 배수가 증가함에 따라 미생물 저감화 효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1727-1734
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• 2005

The fermentation characteristics and mono- and di-saccharides compositions during the early stage of ensiling were studied with a temperate grass, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and a tropical grass, guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). The laboratory silos were kept in the room set at 25$^{\circ}C$, and then were opened on 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days (14 days in Italian ryegrass) after ensiling, respectively. The Italian ryegrass silage showed a fast and large pH decrease caused by a fast and large production of lactic acid during the first 5 days of ensiling and succeeded to achieve lactic acid type fermentation; high lactic acid/acetic acid and lactic acid content at the end of ensiling (14 days), low values of pH (3.74), acetic acid, ethanol and ammonia-N/total nitrogen, none or only small amounts of Butyric acid, valeric acid and propionic acid. The guineagrass silage showed a slow decrease in pH and a slow increase in lactic acid content during the full ensiling period, causing a high final pH value, low contents of lactic acid, acetic acid, total volatile fatty acids and total organic acids. In Italian ryegrass silage, mono- and di-saccharides compositions decreased largely within the initial 0.5 day (12 h) of ensiling. Sucrose disappeared rapidly within the initial 0.5 day of ensiling, but fructose and glucose contents showed an initial rise by the activity of enzymes in plant tissues, and then decreased gradually. On the other hand, the contents of monoand di-saccharides in guineagrass showed the largest decreases due mainly to plant respiration within the initial 0.5 day of ensiling, and no initial rises in fructose and glucose contents during the early stage of ensiling because of the absence of fructans which are hydrolyzed into fructose and glucose in temperate grasses. In both silages, the rate of reduction in mono- and di-saccharides compositions within the initial 5 days of ensiling was ranked in the order of glucose>fructose>sucrose, suggesting that glucose and fructose might be more favorably utilized than sucrose by microorganisms and glucose is the first fermentation substrate. It was concluded that the silage made from Italian ryegrass with high moisture content had a good fermentation quality owing to the dominance of lactic acid bacteria and active lactic acid fermentation during the initial stage of ensiling. These results can be explained by rapid plant sap liberation and the high activity of plant enzyme hydrolyzed fructans into fructose and glucose within the initial 2 days of ensiling, which stimulate the homofermentative lactic acid bacteria growth. In ensiling a temperate grass, the physical characteristics may ensure the rapid onset of fermentation phase, which results from the smaller losses of water-soluble carbohydrates during the initial stage of ensiling and providing sufficient water-soluble carbohydrates for lactic acid bacteria. The silage made from guineagrass with intermediate dry matter and high initial mono- and di-saccharides content was stable silage. This could be explained by the higher incorporation of air during the very early stage of ensiling and the restriction of cell breakdown and juice release due to the properties of a tropical grass with coarse porosity and stemmy structures. These physical characteristics delayed the onset of lactic acid bacteria fermentation phase by extending the phases of respiration and aerobic microorganisms activity, causing the higher loss of water-soluble carbohydrates and the shortage of lactic acid bacteria fermentation substrates.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.370-375
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• 2016

청보리 신품종 '미호'는 까락에 거치가 적은 반매끈망으로 부드럽고 엽신비율이 높으며, 내한성에 강하고 경수가 많은 다얼성으로 총체 건물수량이 높은 품종이다. 이 품종은 2001년에 'SB00T2040'을 모본으로 하고, 'SB941003'을 부본으로 인공교배하여 육성선발된 '익산 473호'를 2012년 부터 2014년까지 전국 6개소에서 지역적응시험을 거쳐 2014년에 육성되었다. '미호'는 직립초형이고 파성이 III 정도이며, 잎은 녹색이고 옆폭은 중간 정도이다. 엽이에는 색소 침착이 없고, 까락특성은 거치가 적은 반매끈망이다. 초장은 96 cm로 장간 품종에 속하고, $m^2$당 경수는 650개로서 '영양'의 593개 보다 57개가 많은 다얼성이다. 출수기는 전작에서 4월 28일, 답리작에서는 4월 27일로 표준품종인 '영양'보리와 같았고, 황숙기는 전작에서 6월 1일로 '영양'보다 1일 늦었고, 답리작에서도 5월 29일로 1일 늦었다. '미호'는 영양보다 내한성이 강하였고, 흰가루병에는 감수성을 나타내었지만 보리호위축병은 익산(III)에서 중도저항성, 나주(I), 진주(IV)에서는 저항성을 보였다. 건물수량은 전작에서 평균 13.1톤/ha, 답리작에서 평균 12.1톤/ha으로 '영양'에 비하여 각각 9%, 2% 증수하였다. 조사료 품질은 조단백질 함량은 6.8%로 '영양'에 비해 낮았고, ADF와 NDF 함량은 각각 27.1%, 49.4%로 '영양'에 비해 다소 높았으나, TDN 수량은 8.3톤/ha로 '영양'보리와 대등하였다. 사일리지 품질은 2등급으로 양호한 발효양상을 보였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2004

본 연구는 도축돈의 난소로부터 난자를 채취하여 체외배양시킨 후 세포 안정제와 원심분리 그리고 OPS를 이용한 유리화동결 하였다. 동결 융해한 수정란을 경산돈에 외과적 또는 비외과적으로 이식하여 자돈을 생산하는 것을 목적으로 수행하였다. ${\cdot}$ 도축돈 난소로부터 채란되어진 돼지 미성숙난은 Funahashi 등(1994) 방법에 따라 체외 성숙-수정-배양하였다. 체외배양액은 glucose-free NCSU 23을 이용하였으며, 5일째에 10% Fatal bovine serum (FBS)을 첨가 배반포로 발달을 유도하였다. ${\cdot}$ 체외배양된 수정란은 7.5${\mu}$g.mL cytochalasin B에 30분 처리 후 13,000 rpm에 13분간 원심 분리하였고, ethylene glycol(EG) 동결액으로 처리한 뒤 OPS를 이용하여 동결${\cdot}$융해하였다. ${\cdot}$ 동결수정란과 비동결수정란을 plastic straw에 loading 한 후 3두에는 경산돈에 외과적 방법으로 각각 100개, 100개의 동결수정란과 대조군으로 34개의 비동결수정란을 이식하였고 다른 3두에는 비외과적 방법으로 각각 150개, 150개의 동결수정란과 대조군으로 100개의 비동결수정란을 각각 이식하였다. 외과적이식돈의 대조군에 사용한 신선수정란은 비경산돈 3두에서 채란하였다. ${\cdot}$이식 결과 6두 모두 지연성 발정을 보였으며 이중 동결수정란 이식돈은 임상적으로 정상이였으나 비동결수정란은 이식한 경우는 자궁내막염과 복강탈장이 관찰되었다. 주요 원인은 시술시 기술의 미숙과 야외수술에 의한 감염, 난자의 이동과 수송에 의한 영향 그리고 주입 미숙 등이 주요 원인인 것으로 생각되며 융해 후 생존효율이 높은 수정란의 준비, 이식 기술의 개선과 자궁상태가 청결한 비경산돈의 이식으로 임신율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2004

본 연구는 재래산양에 있어서 과배란 처리시 공란 산양의 반복사용에 따른 oocyte의 회수방법과 회수란의 질적 개선방법을 확립하기 위하여 실시하였으며, 성선자극호르몬의 1회 처리와 반복처리, 호르몬제의 종류에 따른 oocyte의 회수율과 등급을 조사하였다. 공시동물은 체중 15~25kg 전${\cdot}$후의 성숙한 미경산 재래산양으로서 발정 동기화를 위하여 CIDR를 10일간 질내에 삽입하고 과배란 처리는 70 mg의 FSH 와 1,000 IU의 PMSG를 투여하여 과배란을 유기하였다. ${PGF_{2\alpha}$ 는 8일째에 투여하여 과배란을 유기하였으며, CIDR는 10일째 제거와 동시에 hCG 400 IU를 투여하였다. 난자의 회수는 hCG 투여 후 35~40시간째에 외과적인 방법으로 실시하였으며, 회수한 난자는 난구세포와 세포질의 부착정도에 따라 4등급으로 분류하여 회수율을 조사하였다. FSH와 PMSG를 투여하여 공란 산양으로 처음 사용하였을 때 49두에서 324(6.63${\pm}$0.63) 개와 27두에서 305(11.30${\pm}$1.29)개의 배란점을 확인하였으며, 이 중 43.8%(142/324)와 69.2%(211/305)가 회수되어 두당 회수율은 2.92${\pm}$0.52 개와 7.81${\pm}$1.14개로서 FSH와 PMSG간에 전체 회수율과 두당 회수율은 PMSG 처리구가 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았다. 반복 사용하였을 때 FSH와 PMSG 처리구의 두당 배란수는 2.88${\pm}$0.69 개와 7.56${\pm}$1.11 개였으며, 회수율은 각각 17.4%(4/23) 및 44.9%(61/136) 로 PMSG 처리구가 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았다. 두당 회수율은 0.50${\pm}$0.27개 및 3.39${\pm}$0.86개로서 PMSG 처리구가 유의적으로 높았다. 회수한 난포란의 1 및 2등급에 있어서 공란 산양으로 처음 사용하였을 때 FSH 투여구는 각각 20.6%(GI) 및 14.9%(GII)였으며, PMSG 투여구는 12.9%(GI) 및 14.1%(GII)로 나타났다. 반복 사용하였을 때, 회수한 난포란의 등급은 FSH 투여구는 각각 31.3%(GI) 및 28.1%(GII)였으며, PMSG 투여구는 36.4%(GI), 5.1%(GII)로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 배란된 난자의 회수율은 PMSG 가 FSH보다 높았으며, 난포내 난자의 회수율은 투여 호르몬 및 반복사용 여부에 따른 차이는 없었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2004

본 연구는 재래산양에 있어서 과 배란 처리에 의한 oocyte의 회수방법과 양질의 oocyte 회수 체계를 확립하기 위하여 과 배란 처리 후 회수시간이 난포의 발달과 난자의 회수율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 공시동물은 체중 15~25 kg 전${\cdot}$후의 성숙한 미경산 재래산양으로서 발정동기화를 위하여 CIDR를 10일간 질내에 삽입하고 과배란 처리는 FSH를 CIDR 삽입 8, 9, 10일째에 12시간 간격으로 70 mg을 감량 투여하였다. $PGF_{2\alpha}$는 FSH와 함께 8일째에 투여하였으며, CIDR는 10일째에 제거와 동시에 hCG 400 IU를 투여하였다. 난자의 회수는 hCG 투여 후 29~50시간째에 시간대별로 외과적인 방법으로 실시하였다. hCG 투여 후 회수시간에 따른 in vivo란의 회수에 있어서 각각 5.93${\pm}$2.88(29~34시간), 6.82${\pm}$0.95(35~40시간) 및 7.33${\pm}$1.54개(41~50시간)로서 차이가 없었다. 회수율에 있어서는 35~40시간째에 회수하였을 때가 49.7%로서 29~34시간 및 41~50시간째에 38.2% 및 29.5% 보다 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았다. 두당 회수 난자 수는 각각 2.27${\pm}$0.76, 3.39${\pm}$0.75 및 2.17${\pm}$1.40개로서 차이가 없었다. hCG 투여 후 29~34, 35~40, 및 41~50시간에 관찰된 난포 수는 두당 11.75${\pm}$2.45, 11.87${\pm}$1.34 및 9.20${\pm}$1.50개였다. 또한 배란된 성숙난자의 채란 율은 각각 70.2, 74.7 및 54.3%로서 41~50시간째에 회수하였을 때가 가장 낮았다. 두당 회수율에 있어서도 8.25${\pm}$1.34, 8.87${\pm}$1.10 및 5.00${\pm}$1.30개로서 회수시간에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 회수한 난포내 미성숙 난자의 등급에 있어서 회수시간대별 1등급은 각각 24.2, 19.5 및 12.0%였으며, 2등급의 경우는 41~50시간이 4.0%로서 29~34시간과 35~40시간의 14.4% 및 16.2%보다 유의적(P<0.05)으로 낮았다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.18-31
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• 2002

This study, as a basic research to manage a Chinese Medicine Health Promotion Center by way of showing an example, is a before and after experiment research for simple group to verify a difference with cholesterol, health status and perception of health in order to confirm a effectiveness of diet and regimen according to the 4th status of physical constitution. Research object was chosen of 42 persons who operate a physical constitutional dietary regimen among them after selecting professors and clinical nurses (55 persons) majoring in the science of nursing who participated in Chinese Medicine-oriented Nurse Training Course from Aug. of 2001 to Feb. of 2002 all over the country. Diagnostic tools for physical constitution was used of the questionary that is currently consisted of physical constitution grouping test in Eastern & Western Diagnose Center of K Medical Center, and rating of health status was used of the tool that standardized CMI(Cornell Medical Index) to be available for Korean, and perception measurement for health status was used of a visual analogue scale for the health status that each one perceive personally, and physiological status was measured of cholesterol in blood. Analysis for the collected data was carried out by percentage, $X^2$ test, paired t-test according to research object by using SPSS, and the results of this study are as follows. 1) There was no difference with cholesterol before or after the experiment for objects. As a result of estimation about difference with health status by areas before or after the experiment, there are more improved result in eyes, ears, digestive organs, bones and sinews organs, frequency of a disorder, habit, adaptation status, angry, healthy status than before the experiment. As a whole, after the experiment the health was more improved than before the experiment. As the result to inspect a difference of health perception between before and after experiment, after the experiment the health perception level was improved than before, however there was no meaningful differences. 2) As the result to inspect a difference of cholesterol between before and after experiment according to object's physical constitution, in the case of So-yang-in(a person with the minimum male: according to the male and female principles(the sun and the moon)) among the 4th status of physical constitution there was only meaningful difference statistically, however, after the experiment their cholesterol's value was increased. As the result to inspect the difference of health status between before and after the experiment according to physical constitution, all of Ta-um-in(a person with maximum the female), So-yang-in(with the minimum male), So-um-in(with the minimum female) had a meaningful difference before and after the experiment, which means that in all case by physical constitutional groups, after the experiment their health status was more improved than before the experiment. As the result to inspect a difference of health perception between before and after according to physical constitutions, in the case of Tae-um-in and So-um-in, average score after the experiment was risen than before the experiment so that it means that the level of health perception was improved, however, there was no meaning statistically. According to the above results, if continuous diet and regimen by each physical constitutions could be implemented, it is certain that the health could be maintained and promoted. And, what we are healthy is for oneself to feel it subjectively. However, I think that cholesterol score in blood that we can view objectively could be changed distinctly if we can implement a strict diet and regimen. Accordingly, it is necessary for a method and period of experiment to be more strict and longer. According to the above results, I would like to suggest as follows. 1) In order to understand health status by Korean's physical constitutions and to generalize it, these research will be repeated against much more objects that could be selected by proper grouping method to consider a representative. 2) It is necessary for a research to inspect health status by physical constitution by developing a health status measurement tool that has higher confidence and propriety based on physical constitutional theory.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.65-82
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• 2009

The following research aimed to determine the effect of stress among middle school students on their addiction to the Internet. This research's target was a group of male students who had a high probability of getting addicted to the Internet while playing c/t games. The study distributed 357 questionnaires and used 340 copies, which meant discarding 17 copies that were considered inadequate. The research results are as follows: First, there appeared subordinate factors in the stress suffered by the students. These included stress from their families, from conflicts with their teachers, from the living environment, current schoolwork and future course in college, insecurity over their physical appearance, bullying from other students, and relationships with friends. Among these factors, stress caused by conflicts with teachers and family was the most frequently cited, while stress from their friends was the least cited. The motive in using the Internet was found to be bound with several factors. These include: a form of diversion, a way to communicate with others, a means in coping with loneliness, a source of news and information, a form of passing away time, a kind of habit, and others. Among these motives, passing away time and indulging a habit were cited the most, followed by news and information search, and a form of diversion. Second, as a subordinate factor in Internet addiction, the following were cited: formation of tolerance, health issues, occurrence of problems related to daily life, satisfaction or a pleasant sensation, withdrawal, cover-up on the use of the Internet, and formation of virtual interpersonal relationships, and others. Among these, the formation of tolerance came out the highest, followed by health issues, daily life, and problems related to daily life. Third, in terms of the effects of stress on the motive in using the Internet, the research found that the more the students felt stressed out by conflicts with their teachers and family, the more they tended to use the Internet to communicate with others, to cope with loneliness, to obtain newsI and information, to passawaytime, and to indulge a habit Also, the more they felt stressed out by the living environment, the more they tended to use the Internet to communicate with others, to cope with loneliness, and use news and information. The more they felt stressed out by their schoolwork and future course in college, they tended to use the Internet as a form of diversion and to secure news and information. The more they felt stressed out by their insecurity over their physical appearance and being victimized by bullies, the more they tended to use the Internet to cope with loneliness. Fourth, as for the effect of several variables on student addiction to the Internet, the study found that the more students felt stressed out by their living environment, by schoolwork and future course in college, by their physical appearance, and bullying from other students, the more they used the Internet as a form of diversion, a communication tool, and as a means of passing away time or indulging a habit. The study came up with the finding that the more the students used the computer and the Internet, the probability of their getting addicted to the Internet got higher.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.63-87
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic variables when Uchi-mata(inner thigh reaping throw) performing by Kumi-kata(engagement position, basic hold) types A, B(A: grasping part-behind neck lapel, B: chest lapel) in Judo with three dimensional analysis technique DLT method by videography. The subjects were four male judokas who have been training in Yong-In University(YIU), on Korean Representative level and Uchi-mata is their tokui-nage(favorite technique), the throwing form was filmed on two S-VHS 16mm video camera( 30frame/sec. Panasonic). Kinematic variables were temporal, posture, and COG. The data collection was performing by Uchi-mata. Six good trials were collected for each condition (type A, B) among over 10 trials. The mean values and the standard deviation for each variable were obtained and used as basic factors for examining characteristics of Uchi-mata by Kumi-kata types. The results of this analysis were as follows : 1) Temporal variables The total time elapsed(TE) by Uchi-mata of types A, B were 1.45, 1.56 sec. respectively. Types A shorter than B. 2) Posture variables In performing of Uchi-mata, the range of flexion in type A, left elbow was $45^{\circ}$ and B was $89^{\circ}$ from Event 2(E2) to Event 6(E6). Type A and B were quite different in right elbow angle in Event1(E1). Left shoulder angle of type A was extended and type B was flexed in E4. Both types right shoulder angles were showed similar pattern. Also both hip angles(right/left) were showed similar pattern. When type A performed Uchi-mata the knee-angle of supporting foot showed $142^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of kake phase[KP], and extended to $147^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. And the foot-ankle angle of supporting foot showed $83^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $86^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. moreover, The knee angle of attacking foot showed $126^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $132^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP, and the foot-ankle angle of attacking foot showed $106^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $121^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. When type B performed Uchi-mata the knee-angle of supporting foot showed $144^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $154^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. And the foot-ankle angle of supporting foot showed $83^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $92^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. moreover, The knee angle of attacking foot showed $132^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $140^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP, and the foot-ankle angle of attacking foot showed $103^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $115^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. During Uchi-mata performing, type A showed pulling pattern and type B showed lift-pulling pattern. As Kumi-kata types, it were different to upper body(elbow, shoulder angle), but mostly similar to lower body(hip, knee, ankle angle) on both types. 3) C. O. G. variables When the subjects performed Uchi-mata, COG of type A, B up and down in vertical aspect was 71cm, 73.8cm in height from the foot in the 2nd stage of KP. As Kumi-kata types, it were different on medial-lateral direction aspect but weren't different in Kuzushi phase on vertical direction aspect.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2000

돌고래의 명음과 행동특성에 관한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 1998년 12월∼1999년 2월 사이에 제주도 중문관광단지 내 퍼시픽랜드에서 사육중인 병코돌고래의 쇼 학습시 발생한 명음과 조련사의 휘슬음의 파형과 주파수 특성 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 쇼 시작 전 인사할 때와 준비운동을 할 때의 펄스폭은 각각 3.0ms, 5.0ms, 중심 주파수는 각각 4.54kHz, 5.24kHz, 스펙트럼 라벨은 각각 125.6dB, 127.0dB였다. 노래를 부를 때 중심 주파수는 3.28∼5.78kHz, 스펙트럼 레벨은 137.0∼142.dB였으며, 링돌리기를 할 때, 공놀이를 할 때, 점프를 할 때의 펄스 폭은 각각 7.0ms, 9.0ms, 2.0ms, 중심 주파수는 각각 2.54kHz, 2.78kHz, :1.50kHz, 스펙트럼 레벨은 각각 135.9dB, 135.2dB, 126.BdB였다. 쇼 종료시 인사할 때의 중심주파수는 5.84kHz, 스펙트럼 레벨은 122.5dB였고, 수중에서 유영할 때 명음의 중심주파수는 10.10kHz, 스펙트럼 레벨은 126.8dB였다. 병코돌고래는 각각의 행동시 마다 각각의 다른 펄스폭과 주파수를 사용하였는데 , 평 균 3kHz와 5kHz 2종의 저주파를 교대로 사용하는 것으로 추정되었다. 또한, 조련사 휘슬음의 주파수 대역은 스펙트럼 분석에서 제1고조파가2.5∼5.0kHz, 제 2 고조파가 7.8∼8.2kHz였는데, 이는 병코돌고래가 공기중에서는 3kHz 또는 5kHz, 수중에서는 10kHz의 명음을 발생$.$이용하고 있는 거의 일치하는 현상을 나타내 어 병코돌고래 는 수중과 공기 중에서 조련사의 휘슬음을 이해하고 응답하는 것으로 추정되었으며, 아울러 조련사의 휘슬음은 쇼 학습시 조련사와 병코돌고래와의 주요 의사소통 수단임을 확인할 수 있었다.90.0% 와 96.0%로 높게 나타났다.및 36 cm로 넣고 순환여과식 시설 내에 실험실 규모의 적용실험을 통해 에어레이터의 효율을 조사하였는데 (Exp.2), 실험 수온 27$^{\circ}C$에서, Exp. 1에서와 동일한 3개의 수리학적 부하량에서 산소 전달률을 측정한 결과, Exp. 1에서와 같이 수리학적 부하량과 매질의 깊이의 증가에 따라 산소 전달률이 증가하였으며, 매질의 깊이가 가장 깊은 36 cm에 대해, 수리학적 부하량이 2 $m^3$/$m^2$/min 일때, 2 kg 02 kg $O_2$/kW-hr의 가장 높은 표준에어레이션효율을 나타내었다. 위의 두 실험 결과에 따라 packed column 에어레이터에서 발포스티로폼 입자를 산소전달 매질로 이용하여 산소 전달률을 증가시킬 수 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.i, Cu, Y, Nb, La, Nd, Pb, Th in excess of 10 ppm. Relatively high amount of most trace elements were detected in the Hwangto. The major and minor chemical compositions of the Hwangto were different depending on the types of host rocks. However, their difference was in the similar range compared with the compositions of host rocks. electron acceptor triggers sensory transduction processes in B. japonicum.t the Christian rejection of the ancestor worship