• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.141-156
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• 2000

Cloves are the dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Mere et Perry (Myrtaceae). They have been successfully used for the management of various allergic disorders by oral administration in Korea. In this study, the author investigated the effect of an aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum on immediate-type hypersensitivity by anal administration. Anal administration of Syzygium aromaticum showed a marked inhibition rate in systemic hypersensitivity with a dose of 1 mg/kg 1 hr before intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80. Anal administration of Syzygium aromaticum significantly reduced plasma histamine contents induced by compound 48/80. Anal administration of Syzygium aromaticum (1 mg/kg) also inhibited to $61.4\%$ (P<0.01) local a1lergic reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. In addition, Syzygium aromaticum dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from the peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. When Syzygium aromaticum was added, the level of cAMP in peritoneal mast cells transiently and significantly increased about 47-fold at 10 second compared with that of basal cells. These results provide evidence that anal therapy of Syzygium aromaticum may be beneficial in the treatment of systemic and local immediate-type hypersensitivity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.429-437
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is for checking anti-inflammatory effects of Syzygium aromaticum ethanol extract. For this, we investigated biological active evaluation about anti-inflammatory effects by Syzygium aromaticum ethanol extract. Syzygium aromaticum was extracted with 70% ethanol. This extract was tested for the cell viability on RAW 264.7 cell line by MTT assay, nitric oxide inhibitory activity and expression of inflammatory mediators. The extract showed low cytotoxicity as more than 90% cell viability in under 25 ㎍/ml concentration. On LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell line, nitric oxide inhibition activity result showed that the extract reduced NO productions in a concentration-dependent manner. Expression of inflammatory cytokines as PGE₂, TNF-α and IL-1β decreased in a concentration-dependent manner and iNOS and COX-2 proteins expression were decreased significantly in western blot analysis. We confirmed that the Syzygium aromaticum ethanol extract has excellent anti-inflammatory effect. This results suggested that extract of Syzygium aromaticum may have value as the cosmetic materials.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.195-198
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• 2012

Four chromone derivatives (1-4) were isolated from the clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum). Of these, two chromone C-glucosides (1 and 2) showed significant PEP inhibition with $IC_{50}$ values of $1.48{\pm}0.02$ and $1.74{\pm}0.03{\mu}M$ and $K_i$ values of $0.27{\pm}0.02$ and $0.50{\pm}0.05{\mu}M$, respectively. They also exhibited strong antioxidant capacities against the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt radical system with $EC_{50}$ values of $4.13{\pm}0.04$ and $4.79{\pm}0.03{\mu}M$, respectively.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.263-267
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• 1998

From the dried flower-buds of Syzygium aromaticum Merr. et Perry (Myrtaceae), seven compounds, i.e., eugenol (1), oleanolic acid (2), kaempferol 7-O-metylether (3), 3,3',4-tri-O-methylellagic acid (4), maslinic acid (5), ${\beta}-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside$ (6), and isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside (7) were isolated. Compound 1 showed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory activity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 1999

The in vitro antioxidative activities of the 33 plant-derived essential oils and 37 phytochemicals including 3 Mentha arvensis leaf-, 2 Thymus vulgaris leaf- and 2 Syzygium aromaticum flower-derived isolates were determined by the inhibition of linoleic acid autoxidation, the generation of superoxide anion and scavenging of DPPH radical. They were then compared to those of the widely used plant-derived antioxidants (pyrogallol and quercetin) and synthetic antioxidant BHT. At a concentration of 0.01%, potent antioxidative effect was observed in the essential oils from Cinnamomum cassia roots, Mentha arvensis leaves, Ginkgo biloba fruits, and Syzygium aromaticum flowers. Of the phytochemicals used, eugenol and isoeugenol at 0.01% showed potent antioxidative activity, and their activities were comparable to those of pyrogallol, quercetin, and BHT. The Cinnamomum root-, the Mentha leaf-, the Ginkgo fruit-, and the Syzygium flower-derived materials may be a good source for an alternative to the currently used antioxidants.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2014

The flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) have been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of male sexual disorders in Asian countries. Recently, there are some reports about the effects of the clove on reproductive activities in mammals. Therefore, its effect on testicular function was examined in male golden hamsters whose reproductive activity is inhibited by photoperiod such as winter climate. The male animals were given by daily oral administrations (56 consecutive days) in three doses (4 mg, 20 mg, and 100 mg/kg BW) of the alcoholic extract of the clove. Generally lower dose (4 mg) of the extract continued to keep the reproductive activities of testes. The both middle and high doses (20 mg and 100 mg) of the extract completely inhibited the testicular activity in some animals. Taken together, these results suggest a possible biphasic action of alcoholic extract of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud on testicular function.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.624-633
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• 2014

This study separated the crude extract (70% ethanol) of and its three fractions (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts) on the basis of polarity indexes, and examined for their insecticidal activities against aphid (Uroleucon lactucicola). For crude extraction, the 70% ethanol extract showed the best extract yield (58.0%) and insecticidal activity (69.0%) among the various concentrations tested (water, 30% ethanol, 50% ethanol, 70% ethanol and 95% ethanol). The major chemical compounds of different fractions (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts) were identified as eugenol by head space-GC-MS analysis. The hexane extract showed the highest eugenol content (43.7%) and insecticidal activity (80.0%). The insecticidal activity is accordingly believed to be attributable to the eugenol component. This may provide a useful starting point for the development of bio-pesticides.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2024

Objectives : This study aims to analyze the anti-obesity effect of Syzygium aromaticum L. (SA) in obese mice made by a 60% high-fat diet (HFD). Methods : The antioxidant activities of SA were evaluated in vitro. To assess the anti-obesity effect of SA, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: Normal, Control, GC100 (Garcinia cambogia 100 mg/kg/day), SA100 (SA 100 mg/kg/day), SA200 (SA 200 mg/kg/day). All groups underwent a 6-week regimen of HFD and oral administration, except for the Normal group. Subsequently, we performed blood analysis, western blotting, and histopathological staining. Results : SA demonstrated effectiveness in antioxidant measurements. SA treatment resulted in a significant decrease in body weight gain, along with reductions in liver and epididymal fat weights. Serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and leptin levels were reduced with SA treatment. Moreover, in the SA100 group, the reduction of both TG and TC synthesis was caused by inhibiting the sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1) and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 (SREBP-2) through the Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1)/phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) pathway. Furthermore, SA treatment at a dose of 100 mg/kg reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver and the adipocyte size of the epididymal fat. Conclusion : Our research reveals the anti-obesity effects of SA by demonstrating its ability to inhibit body weight gain and lipid accumulation, suggesting that SA might be promising for obesity treatment.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2014

Objectives : In this report, we investigated the effect of ethanol extract of Syzygium aromaticum(L.) Merr. & Perry.(SAE) on the RBL-2H3 cell-mediated allergic response and studied its possible mechanisms of action. Methods : Cytotoxicity on RBL-2H3 cell was evaluated by MTT assay. Anti-allergic activity of SAE was assessed by ${\beta}$-Hexosaminidase and Histamine secretion, ${\beta}$- Hexosaminidase and Histamine secretion were measured by ELISA assay. Evaluate the mechanisms of effect of SAE on the secretion of degranulate mediators, we examined the effect of SAE on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases using western blot analysis. Results : SAE had no cytotoxicity on rat basophilic leukemia cell(RBL-2H3). Moreover SAE dose-dependently inhibited RBL-2H3 cell degranulation and histamine release. SAE specifically blocked the IgE-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Conclusions : Our findings provide evidence that Syzygium aromaticum ethanol extract inhibits mast cell derived allergic reaction, and also demonstrate the involvement of p38 MAPK phosphorylation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of Syzygium aromaticum (SAE) spread on the allergic contact dermatitis caused by 2,4-dinitro-chlorobezene (DNCB). Methods : Forty-two mice were divided into six groups ; normal, negative control (DNCB-treated), positive control (DNCB + 1% pimecrolimus), experimental group I, II and III. control and experimental groups were induced allergic contact dermatitis by DNCB. Experimental group I(DNCB + 0.2% SAE), II(DNCB + 1% SAE) and III(DNCB + 5% SAE) were spread SAE and positive control was spread the 1% pimecrolimus. In this study, effect of SAE on clinical aspects on the skin, histopathological change, the blood level of IgE, cytokines, histamine were investigated. In addition, effect of SAE on spleen $CD4^+/CD8^+$ T cell subset was investigated. Results : 1. In experimental group I, II and III, erythemas and edema were more reduced than negative control. 2. In experimental group I, II and III inflammatory edema and the numbers of infiltrated inflammatory cells were more reduced than negative control. 3. In experimental group I, II and III, clinical skin score was more reduced than negative control. 4. In experimental group II and III, the thickness of skin was statistically significant reduced than negative control. 5. In experimental group II and III, histamine release was statistically significant reduced than negative control in dose-dependantly. 6. In experimental group II and III, cytokines (IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) were statistically significant reduced than negative control in dose-dependantly. 7. In experimental group I, II and III, the level of total IgE was statistically significant reduced than negative control in dose-dependantly. 8. In experimental group III, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ T cells were statistically significant decreased similar to the positive control. Conclusions : According to above experiments, Syzygium aromaticum(SAE) was effective on allergic contact dermatitis.