• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2019

고혈압은 유전적, 환경적 요인들이 복합적으로 작용하여 발생하는 질환으로, 선진국들의 경우에는 성인들의 30% 이상이 고혈압 상태인 매우 유병률이 높은 만성 질환이다. 고혈압에 영향을 미치는 유전적 요인들 중에서 MACROD2 유전자의 변이들이 백인 중심의 코호트 연구에서 혈압 및 고혈압 상태와 상관관계가 있다는 보고들이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 질병관리본부에서 생산 구축한 한국인 유전체 역학 자료를 바탕으로 MACROD2 유전자 영역의 유전 변이들을 선택 추출한 후에 고혈압 상태에 대한 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였고, 수축기 혈압과 이완기 혈압에 대해서는 선형 회기 분석을 진행하였다. 그 결과 고혈압 상태에서 16개 SNP들이 유의한 상관관계를 보여 주었고, 이들 중 2개의 SNP (rs16996211, rs6034240)은 혈압에서도 통계적 유의성을 보여주고 있다. 가장 유의성이 높은 rs16996211은 고혈압의 상대적 위험도가 0.85 (CI: 0.76~0.95, $P=3.1{\times}10^{-3}$)이고, 수축기 혈압은 (beta=-0.75, P=0.024)의 이완기 혈압은(beta=-0.59, P=0.01)의 상관 분석 결과를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 MACROD2 유전자의 다형성은 백인 중심의 서양인 뿐만 아니라 한국인에서도 고혈압과 상관관계가 있는 것을 확인할 있었으며, 이러한 사실은 고혈압의 병리 기전에 대한 유전적 상호관계의 이해를 높일 것으로 기대한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2019

This study was aimed to reveal that the usual cold or heat state was associated with hypertension and could be a risk. We emailed educational personnel in D university to join this study and 182 subjects participated in from March to December in 2016. The usual cold or heat diagnosis was conducted by two experts who had over 10 years expertise. The blood pressure was measured from the subjected after 10 minute rest with Jawon medical device. The hypertension was diagnosed by the guide of the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The frequency analysis was used in general characteristics, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient analysis was conducted in among continuous variables, and chi-square test was also used between hypertension and cold or heat group. Logistic regression was analyzed to generate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypertension. The cold score was suggested to have negative association with Body mass Index (BMI, -.374, p<.001), systolic blood pressure (-.333, p<.001), and diastolic pressure (-.261, p<.001). The heat score was analyzed to have positive association with Body mass Index (.413, p<.001), systolic blood pressure (.249, p<.001), and diastolic pressure (.156, p<.001). The distribution of the cold group (35.1%) and non-cold group (64.9%) in hypertension was significantly different (p=0.18). The distribution of the heat group (62.2%) and non-heat group (37.8%) was significantly different (p=0.27). The usual cold was associated with decreased ORs (ORs 0.405, 95% CI=0.191-0.857), and usual heat was associated with increased ORs (ORs 2.327, 95% CI=1.108-4.888). However, after adjusting body mass index, sex, and smoking, the association was not significantly different. It is possible that usual cold or heat associate with hypertension. Further study is needed to show that usual heat may be a independent risk factor for hypertension through follow up design.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.311-322
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• 2012

Objective: The effect of lead on blood pressure remains controversial in spite of the numerous studies which have been conducted in the recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to lead on blood pressure among non-smokers. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 1416 male and female non-smokers were enrolled, aged 20 years or older, from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008. Blood pressure, blood lead levels (BLLs), height, weight, and cotinine level were measured for all subjects. Results: Geometric mean BLLs of the participants was 2.20 ${\mu}g$/dl. BLLs were higher in the older, male, and lower education groups than the younger, female and higher education groups. After adjusting for age, sex, education and BMI through multiple regression analysis, a significant positive association between systolic blood pressure (p = 0.0357), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0111) and BLLs. Also, among the normal BMI group (18.5 kg/$m^2$ < BMI < 25 kg/$m^2$), we also found a significant positive association between diastolic blood pressure and BLLs (p = 0.0370). Conclusion: The present study showed that blood lead serves as a good predictor of blood pressure changes and that there was a statistically significant association between blood lead and blood pressure, especially diastolic blood pressure.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2000

Head-out water immersion induces marked increase in the cardiac stroke volume. The present study was undertaken to characterize the stroke volume change by analyzing the aortic blood flow and left ventricular systolic time intervals. Ten men rested on a siting position in the air and in the water at $34.5^{circ}C$ for 30 min each. Their stroke volume, heart rate, ventricular systolic time intervals, and aortic blood flow indices were assessed by impedance cardiography. During immersion, the stroke volume increased 56%, with a slight (4%) decrease in heart rate, thus cardiac output increased ${\sim}50%.$ The slight increase in R-R interval was due to an equivalent increase in the systolic and diastolic time intervals. The ventricular ejection time was 20% increased, and this was mainly due to a decrease in pre-ejection period (28%). The mean arterial pressure increased 5 mmHg, indicating that the cardiac afterload was slightly elevated by immersion. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume index increased 24%, indicating that the cardiac preload was markedly elevated during immersion. The mean velocity and the indices of peak velocity and peak acceleration of aortic blood flow were all increased by ${\sim}30%,$ indicating that the left ventricular contractile force was enhanced by immersion. These results suggest that the increase in stroke volume during immersion is characterized by an increase in ventricular ejection time and aortic blood flow velocity, which may be primarily attributed to the increased cardiac preload and the muscle length-dependent increase in myocardial contractile force.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2015

Invasive blood pressure (IBP) is measured for the patient's real time arterial pressure (ABP) to monitor the critical abrupt disorders of the cardiovascular system. It can be used for the estimation of cardiac output and the opening and closing time detection of the aortic valve. Although the unexplained inflections on ABP make it difficult to find the mathematical relations with other cardiovascular parameters, the estimations based on ABP for other data have been accepted as useful methods as they had been verified with the statistical results among vast patient data. Previous windkessel models were composed with systemic resistance and vascular compliance and they were successful at explaining the average systolic and diastolic values of ABP simply. Although it is well-known that the blood pressure reflection from peripheral arteries causes complex inflection on ABP, previous models do not contain any elements of the reflections because of the complexity of peripheral arteries' shapes. In this study, to simulate a reflection wave of blood pressure, a new mathematical model was designed with four elements that were the impedance of aorta, the compliance of aortic arch, the peripheral resistance, and the compliance of peripheral arteries. The parameters of the new model were adjusted to have three types of arterial blood pressure waveform that were measured from a patient. It was used to find the relations between the inflections and other cardiovascular parameters such as the opening-closing time of aortic valve and the cardiac output. It showed that the blood pressure reflection can bring wide range errors to the closing time of aortic valve and cardiac output with the conventional estimation based on ABP and that the changes of one-stroke volumes can be easily detected with previous estimation while the changes of heart rate can bring some error caused by unexpected reflections.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2002

This study aimed to develop hypertension control programs and to analyse their effects in small scale enterprises. The program was self-efficacy promoting program for worker with hypertension. The target population of the programs are 67 workers. The program was conducted for 18 weeks after a pre- intervention survey. Data were analyzed by the SAS program with paired t-test. The results of the study are as follows; First, after the program, scores on self-efficacy were increased significantly. Second, after the program, life-style change was increased significantly. Third, the blood pressure level was diminished in the program. The workers have lost systolic blood pressure by 18mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 13mmHg. In conclusion, the self-efficacy promoting program is an effective intervention to lower the blood pressure. Thus this program can be recommended as an intervention program of hypertension in small scale enterprises.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of a footbath program on heart rate variability, blood pressure, body temperature and fatigue of stroke patients with stroke-induced hemiparesis. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 40 stroke patients, twenty for the footbath program and twenty for the control group, who were hospitalized in a long-term rehabilitation hospital in G city of Korea, from February to April 2014. The twenty participants in the experimental group received the intervention of footbaths and an educational program focused on the prevention of stroke complications; Collected data were analyzed by the IBM SPSS WIN 20.0 program using a t-test, ${\chi}^2$ test, Mann-Whitney U test and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Significant differences were found in heart rate variability, systolic blood pressure, hand and foot temperatures and fatigue between the two groups. But no significant differences were found in diastolic blood pressure, core temperatures, forehead temperatures, and hand temperatures between the two groups. Conclusion: The footbath program was an effective intervention for skin temperature change and fatigue reduction for stroke patients. Therefore, it is recommended that the footbath program can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for stroke patients in long-term rehabilitation care hospitals.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 1990

Surgical correction of congenital cardiac defects in infants and children with an elevated pulmonary arterial pressure or pulmonary vascular resistance carries a significant early postoperative mortality. And accurate assessments of cardiac output is critically important in these patients. From April 1988 through September 1989, serial measurements of cardiac index, ratio of pulmonary-systemic systolic pressure, ratio of pulmonary-systemic resistance, central venous pressure, left atrial pressure, and urine output during the first 48 hours after the cardiac operation were made in 30 congenital cardiac defects associated with pulmonary hypertension. Cardiac index showed significant increase only after 24 hour postoperatively and this low cardiac performance in the early postoperative period should be considered when postoperative management is being planned in the risky patients. There were no variables which showed any significant correlation with cardiac index. In 12 cases[40%], pulmonary hypertensive crisis developed during the 48 hours postoperatively, and they were treated with full sedation, hyperventilation with 100 % 0y and pulmonary vasodilator infusion. In all patient with preoperative pulmonary hypertension, surgical placement of a pulmonary artery catheter is desirable to allow prompt diagnosis of pulmonary hypertensive crisis and to monitor subsequent therapy.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a 12-month ki-gong exercise program on obesity, physical flexibility, blood pressure and blood sugar in rural populations. Method: A 12-month ki-gong exercise session was conducted from September 2008 until August 2009 with 61 village attendees at a Healthcare Clinic, as part of an Oriental herb program at the health center. Data was collected three times; before the program initiation, at six months and at the end of the program. A one-group repeated measures ANOVA test was conducted for statistical validation using SPSS 12.0. Results: Participants showed a decrease in obesity (F=10.166, p=0.02), body weight (F=10.861, p=0.002) and body fat (F=36.311, p=0.000). They also showed an increase in physical flexibility(F=24.627, p=0.000), while systolic blood pressure and (F=8.550, p=0.005) blood sugar (F=5.464, p=0.023) decreased. Conclusion: The results of this study indicates that ki-gong exercise exhibits beneficial effects in decreasing obesity, blood pressure and blood sugar and enhancing physical flexibility.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제20권4호통권51호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2005

Essential hypertension has been considered as multifactorial disease resulted from the interaction of both environmental and genetic factors. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure homeostasis. Recently, a homologue of angiotensin I converting enzyme, ACE2 has been focused on as a candidate gene of essential hypertension in the experiments using animal model and human being. In this study, we carried out an association study in order to clarify the relationship between the A 1075G polymorphism in the ACE2 gene and essential hypertension in Korean subjects. Because this polymorphism is located on human chromosome X, the statistical analysis for each gender was performed separately. There were no significant differences in allele distribution of the A 1075G polymorphism in the ACE2 gene between normotensives and hypertensives in the both gender groups, respectively. However, this polymorphism was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values in only female groups (P< 0.05). Thus, these results may suggest the probable role of ACE2 gene in the inter-individual susceptibility of female group to blood pressure variability.