• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.334-341
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• 2001

Objective : We have currently changed treatment strategies to methotrexate(MTX)-based preirradiation chemotherapy with subsequent planned radiation for the initial therapy of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of treating PCNSL with chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (CRT) or radiotherapy(RT) alone. Method and Material : This study involved 10 females and 3 males patients with a mean age of 54.2 years. All patients underwent surgery, open(8 cases) or stereotactic biopsy(5 cases) for histological diagnosis. Eleven tumors were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Tumor volume change in the follow-up images and survival time were evaluated in patients treated with CRT and RT alone. In the beginning, two patients received ProMACE-Cytabom chemotherapeutic regimen, but did not complete the course and died of progressive tumor 8 and 9 months after diagnosis, respectively. One patient died at 6 months before chemotherapy. These three were excluded from the survival analysis. Five patients(RT group) completed full courses of cranial irradiation with or without boost. For the current combined modality treatment, high-dose MTXbased chemotherapy(systemic and intrathecal MTX, IV vincristine, and oral procarbazine) followed by whole brain irrdiation to 45Gy to tumor was introduced in 5 patients of CRT group. Result : A complete response was achieved in three of five who received RT only and in all of five who received CRT. All patients in CRT groups are in disease free status at a mean 23 months following therapy. The RT group patients refused any additional salvage therapy at tumor relapse and survived at mean 20 months from diagnosis. The Karnofsky performance status improved in eight of ten patients with treatment. The treatment toxicity included leukoencephalopathy in RT group and severe leukopenia, transient hepatitis, avascular necrosis of femoral head, hearing loss, and amenorrhea in CRT group, respectively. Conclusion : The combined modality therapy of MTX-based chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for PCNSL may enhance tumor response and improve patient survival. The patients who received CRT should be carefully followed up because of the higher risk of treatment-induced late neurotoxicity.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.27-50
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• 1998

Adolescent health is considered to contribute to health promotion in the home and community in the near future as well as individual health. However, adolescent health has been neglected from education field because of competitive school education focused on the university entrance examination That's why I suggest in this study that we should pay much more attention to adolescent health condition and try to make It better, in terms of man-power development and life-health promotion for nation development The purposes of this study are as follows First, to look into a variety of adolescent health problems Second, to find out the situation and problems of current adolescent health promotion and school health education Third, to make an effort to find, based on the current situation, various developments of adolescent health promotion and school health education in terms of practical, political and environmental change There are used study methods as adolescent-related, school heath-related literature review and anlysis of statistical data The results and suggestions are as follows Teenagers have a great variey of health problems including most Important physical, mental and social developments Recently, chronic diseases, emotional problems, health-risk behaviors linked With adolescents are on increase The complicated disorders of physical, mental, social health rather than paricular aspects of health or health-behavior problems influence adolescent health problems adolescence is regarded as the period when most health-related behaviors are formed. Therefore, adolescent health promotion would he assured by developing the ability of controlling multi-dimensional health determinants in the early stage. Health promotion is a positive concept that each individual, family and community makes real efforts to improve their health To achive this, we need health educational, organizational, political and environmental supports. Adolescent health promotion in Korea has been systematically treated in the category of school health Current school health services have had lots of systemic, constitutional, administrative and educational flaws Accordingly, I'm concerned that we can afford to accept a variety of adolescent health needs However, I would say that if were not to make those flaws better, it's certain that Korean national competitive power and the quality of the lives of most Koreans Will he threatened someday We have to develop Comprehensive School Health Crriculum(CSHC) and set up its standards to Improve adolescent health. CSHC is an organizational and costant process. CSHC means an Important part of overall curriculums. In addition, I could say that it's an Important school health education acivity including current school health services-health care service and school health environment. In conclusion, in order to develop CSHC, we require school nurse's role changes, establishment and management of intergrated subject of health education, striking revision of school health law(or legislation of school health promotion law), reorganization of administration system, big changes in curriculum for school health educators.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.59-89
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• 2010

컨버전스는 소비자 니즈의 다양화, 고도화 및 관련 IT기술의 발전을 기반으로 21세기의 문화와 사회를 대표하는 키워드로 부각되었다. 현재 우리 사회는 컨버전스의 진화 단계에 있어 두 번째 단계인 산업간 융합 단계, 즉 IT의 활용 범위가 확대되면서 방송, 통신, 금융, 자동차, 의료 등 다양한 산업 영역이 융합되는 단계에 있으며, 본 연구의 대상인 통신 방송 결합상품은 이런 산업간 융합의 대표적 사례이다. 본 연구는 통신 방송 결합상품의 수용과정에 기술혁신상품의 수용모델인 TAM을 적용하여 결합상품의 서비스특성이 소비자의 해당 상품 수용의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 통 방 결합상품의 주요 서비스특성인 저렴한 비용(가격할인), 서비스 통합성, 선택가능성이 소비자의 지각된 유용성, 지각된 이용편의성 및 지각된 위험에 영향을 주어 소비자의 수용의도를 높일 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과는 통신 방송 결합상품의 수용과 확산을 위해서 가격할인 전략(요금전략)과 더불어 이용요금고지시스템, 납부시스템, 콜서비스시스템, 설치 및 A/S시스템의 통합과 같은 시스템적 통합(서비스전략), 그리고 이용자에게 선택권을 줄 수 있는 결합상품 및 관련 옵션들의 개발(상품전략)이 필요하다는 시사점을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2012

Background: Amphotericin B is a mainstay in the treatment of many systemic fungal infections due to its wide antifungal spectrum and low incidence of resistance. However, the use of amphotericin B is limited by its nephrotoxicity. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of renal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of conventional amphotericin B (Fungizone$^{(R)}$). In addition, we compared the changes of serum creatinine (SCr) between patients who remained conventional amphotericin B and patients who were switched to liposomal amphotericin B after occurrence of renal adverse reactions. Methods: Adult hospitalized patients who reported renal adverse reactions caused by conventional amphotericin B from January 2011 to July 2012 at pharmacovigilance center in Yonsei University Healthcare System included in this study. ADRs scored as 'doubtful' in Naranjo probability ADR scale were excluded. We retrospectively analyzed patients' basic clinical characteristics, concurrent diseases or nephrotoxic drugs in order to find variables that can correlate with occurrence of renal ADRs. Changes in SCr were compared between conventional amphotericin B group and liposomal amphotericin B group. Results: A total of 231 ADRs after administration of conventional amphotericin B in 75 patients were reported to pharmacovigilance center and assessed their severities as 'possible', 'probable', or 'definite'. Renal adverse reaction was the most common ADR with incidence rate of 42% (96 of 231 ADRs). Mean change in SCr from baseline was 0.26 mg/dL (change % 37.8) and statistically significant (p=0.000). Simple correlations analysis revealed that the number of concurrent diseases and number of nephrotoxic drugs were positively correlated with changes in SCr, but these results were not statistically significant. Among 43 patients who remained amphotericin B after occurrence of renal ADRs, 27 patients was administered conventional amphotericin B and 16 patients changed to liposomal amphotericin B. Mean change in SCr in amphotericin B group was 0.23 mg/dL (32.75%), whereas mean change in SCr in liposomal amphotericin B group were -0.28 mg/dL (19.38%) and difference between two groups was statistically significant (p=0.003). The numbers of patient with SCr elevation more than 30% were 9 (33.3%) in amphotericin B group and 2 (12.5%) in liposomal amphotericin B group (Odd Ratio=3.50, 95% Confidence Interval 0.65-18.85; p=0.130). Conclusion: An analysis of ADRs due to amphotericin B administration revealed significant mean changes in SCr from baseline. Switching to liposomal amphotericin B showed significant decrease in SCr compared with conventional amphotericin B.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3997-4002
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• 2015

Background: Systemic inflammatory response was shown to play an important role in development and progression of many cancer types and different inflammation-based indices were used for determining prognosis. We aimed to investigate the prognostic effects of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: NSCLC patients diagnosed in our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics were recorded. NLR and PNI was calculated before the application of any treatment. Results: A total of 138 patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to NLR (<3.24 or ${\geq}3.24$) and PNI (<49.5 or ${\geq}49.5$). While median overall survival was 37.0 (95% CI 17.5-56.5) months in the group with low NLR, it was calculated as 10.0 (95%CI 5.0-15.0) months in the group with high NLR (p<0.0001). While median overall survival was 7.0 (95%CI 3.5-10.5) months in the group with low PNI, it was calculated as 33.0 (95% CI 15.5-50.4) months in the group with high PNI (p<0.0001). Stage, NLR and PNI levels were evaluated as independent risk factors for overall survival for all patients in multivariate analysis (p<0.0001, p=0.04 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: NLR (${\geq}3.24$) and PNI (<49.5) at diagnosis is an independent marker of poor outcome in patients with NSCLC. NLR and PNI is an easily measured, reproducible prognostic tests that could be considered in NSCLC patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3595-3604
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• 2015

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been one of the most fatal malignant tumors worldwide and its associated morbidity and mortality remain of significant concern. Based on in-depth reviews of serological diagnosis of HCC, in addition to AFP, there are other biomarkers: Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), descarboxyprothrombin (DCP), tyrosine kinase with Ig and eprdermal growth factor (EGF) homology domains 2 (TIE2)-espressing monocytes (TEMs), glypican-3 (GPC3), Golgi protein 73 (GP73), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) have been proposed as biomarkers for the early detection of HCC. The diagnosis of HCC is primarily based on noninvasive standard imaging methods, such as ultrasound (US), dynamic multiphasic multidetector-row CT (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Some experts advocate gadolinium diethyl-enetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) MRI and contrast-enhanced US as the promising imaging madalities of choice. With regard to recent advancements in tissue markers, many cuting-edge technologies using genome-wide DNA microarrays, qRT-PCR, and proteomic and inmunostaining studies have been implemented in an attempt to identify markers for early diagnosis of HCC. Only less than half of HCC patients at initial diagnosis are at an early stage treatable with curative options: local ablation, surgical resection, or liver transplant. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is considered the standard of care with palliation for intermediate stage HCC. Recent innovative procedures using drug-eluting-beads and radioembolization using Yttrium-90 may exhibit beneficial effects in HCC treatment. During the past few years, several molecular targeted agents have been evaluated in clinical trials in advanced HCC. Sorafenib is currently the only approved systemic treatment for HCC. It has been approved for the therapy of asymptomatic HCC patients with well-preserved liver function who are not candidates for potentially curative treatments, such as surgical resection or liver transplantation. In the USA, Europe and particularly Japan, hepatitis C virus (HCV) related HCC accounts for most liver cancer, as compared with Asia-Pacific regions, where hepatitis B virus (HBV) may play a more important role in HCC development. HBV vaccination, while a vaccine is not yet available against HCV, has been recognized as a best primary prevention method for HBV-related HCC, although in patients already infected with HBV or HCV, secondary prevention with antiviral therapy is still a reasonable strategy. In addition to HBV and HCV, attention should be paid to other relevant HCC risk factors, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease due to obesity and diabetes, heavy alcohol consumption, and prolonged aflatoxin exposure. Interestingly, coffee and vitamin K2 have been proven to provide protective effects against HCC. Regarding tertiary prevention of HCC recurrence after surgical resection, addition of antiviral treatment has proven to be a rational strategy.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2014

치은 섬유종증은 흔하지 않은 성장기 구강질환으로, 치은 변연과 치간 유두뿐만 아니라 부착치은의 전반에 걸친 섬유성 증식을 특징으로 한다. 본 증례의 환아는 전반적인 치은비대를 보이는 27개월 여아로 특별한 의학적 전신병력은 없으나 오빠에게서 같은 증상을 보이는 가족력이 존재하였다. 심미적 요구와 영구치 맹출 시기를 고려하여 만 5세경에 전신마취 하에 치은절제술 및 잔존 유치의 발치를 시행하였고 이후 1년 6개월의 추적검사 기간 동안 재발 양상은 관찰되지 않았다. 치은 섬유종증의 치료법으로 과증식된 치은 조직의 외과적 절제술을 고려할 수 있으며, 수 년 내에 재발하려는 경향이 있으므로 전문적이고 지속적인 구강 위생 관리가 필요하다. 외과적 치료를 지연하면 영구치의 맹출 지연으로 인한 유치의 잔존, 저작과 발음의 어려움, 부정교합 및 환자의 심리적인 문제 등을 초래하므로 치은 비대의 정도에 따라 유치열에서 외과적 치료를 할 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.4251-4256
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• 2015

Background: Exposure to cigarette may affect human health and increase risk of a wide range of diseases including pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung fibrosis and lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis induced by cigarettes still remain obscure even with extensive studies. With systemic view, we attempted to identify the specific gene modules that might relate to injury caused by cigarette smoke and identify hub genes for potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers from specific gene modules. Materials and Methods: The dataset GSE18344 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and divided into mouse cigarette smoke exposure and control groups. Subsequently, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct a gene co-expression network for each group and detected specific gene modules of cigarette smoke exposure by comparison. Results: A total of ten specific gene modules were identified only in the cigarette smoke exposure group but not in the control group. Seven hub genes were identified as well, including Fip1l1, Anp32a, Acsl4, Evl, Sdc1, Arap3 and Cd52. Conclusions: Specific gene modules may provide better understanding of molecular mechanisms, and hub genes are potential candidates of therapeutic targets that may possible improve development of novel treatment approaches.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권12호
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• pp.1571-1576
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• 2002

목 적: 최근 들어 가와사끼병 치료에서 고전적인 치료(정맥 내 감마 글로불린+아스피린) 이외에 과거에 금기시 되었던 스테로이드 병용 요법의 다양한 임상적 결과가 보고되고 있어 가와사끼병 고위험군(Harada score 4점 이상)에서 스테로이드 추가 요법의 임상적 효과를 평가 하고자 하였다. 방 법: 1996년부터 2001년까지 충남대학교병원에서 가와사끼병으로 진단된 96명을 대상으로 급성기의 치료 방법에 따라 3군으로 나누어 비교하였다. 가와사끼병 급성기에 A군은 아스피린(100 mg/kg/day)과 정맥내 감마 글로불린 2 g/kg 1회; B군은 아스피린(100 mg/kg/day)과 정맥내 감마 글로불린 1 g/kg 1회; C군은 B군에 prednisolone(2 mg/kg/day)을 추가 하였고 2주간에 걸쳐 점차 용량을 감소하여 중단하였으며, 재치료시에는 methyl-prednisolone 대용량 요법을 사용하였다. 모든 군에서 급성기 이후 8주간 저용량 아스피린을 사용하였다. 임상적, 심혈관계, 및 혈액학적 평가는 급성기, 급성기 직후, 및 아급성기인 치료 8주 후 시행하였다. 결 과 : 관상 동맥 이상 빈도와 혈액학적 이상 정도는 세 치료군에 유의한 차이는 없었으나 치료 후 해열까지의 기간 및 재치료율에 있어서는 스테로이드 추가 요법 군에서 유의한 감소를 보였다. 결 론 : 스테로이드 추가 요법은 IVGG 단일요법과 비교해 볼 때 관상동맥 질환의 발생, 입원기간 등에서 동등한 치료 효과를 보이며, 해열기간, 재치료율 등에 유의한 감소를 보여 가와사끼병 고위험군에 대한 일차적인 치료법으로 고려될 수 있다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.512-515
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• 2009

Purpose: Neurofibromatosis(NF) is an autosomal - dominant systemic disease. Up to fifty percent of patients with NF are reported to have concomitant vascular abnormalities. In the resection of a larger NF, the risk of uncontrolled hemorrhage is much higher due to the difficulty of hemostasis of large vessels within the tumor. We ligated the base of the giant NF with a simple loop - shaped ligation before removal of the giant NF in both buttocks. And then we could successfully reduce the amount of hemorrhage during the operation. Methods: A 46 - year - old female patient presented for giant masses of both gluteal area, which has been growing slowly for the last ten years. Each mass was about $30{\times}20cm$ in size. After designing the elliptical resection margin, we tightened the tumor base by using continuous loop - shaped suture ligation(weaving the thread up and down in a loop - shaped pattern, leaving a space of 2 cm between each loop) with a straight needle and prolene 2 - 0. After skin incision, we proceeded the dissection toward the central and inferior side of the mass obliquely while we avoided breaking large vascular sinuses. We resected the tumor in a wedged - shape. Subcutaneous tissue was sutured layer by layer and skin was closed by vertical mattress and interrupted suture. The loop - shaped ligation of the base was removed and compressive dressing was done with gauzes and elastic bandages. Results: Postoperative complications such as infection, hemorrhage, hematoma, and dehiscense did not occur. Perioperatively the patient was sufficiently transfused with five units of blood and two units of fresh frozen plasma. During the subsequent 1 year follow - up, the functional and cosmetic result was excellent. Conclusion: A continuous loop - shaped suture ligation procedure along the base of the giant NF effectively reduced the amount of hemorrhage during the operation, made dissection and ligation of vessels easily and quickly, and shorten the operating time and postoperative recovery time.