• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2017

Purpose - Relationship between farm and county losses determines whether the county program provides too little, too much, or similar amount of assistance relative to the loss on an individual farm. A review of the literature finds limited analysis of the determinants of this relationship. This paper conducts such an analysis using farm-level yield data. Research design, data, and methodology - Farm-level yield data from Illinois and Kansas farm business management associations are used for to calculate the correlation between farm and county loss and the share of farm loss systemic with county loss, and also for the regression analysis. Results - Average share of farm loss systemic with the county loss lies between 42% and 68%. The correlation between farm and county yield/revenue deviation from expected value is statistically significant in all four models. The coefficient is positive, implying the higher the correlation, the larger the share of farm loss that is systemic with the county loss. Conclusions - The findings of this study are consistent with the existing literature which argues that county variability may not be closely associated with farm variability. The findings of this study thus raise questions about the efficacy of area yield and revenue insurance products in helping farmers manage their risk.

• 보험의학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2012

Nowadays, Rheumatic diseases are increasing more and more. So, it's important knowing the pathophysiology and extra-risk of each rheumatic disease so as to do sound underwriting. Here is brief review and long-term prognosis of some rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sj$\ddot{o}$gren syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic sclerosis, ankylosing spondylitis, Takayasu's arteritis, and Behcet syndrome.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2019

Objectives: This study examined the safety of tattoo ink by analyzing the phenol contents in tattoo inks and its risk assessment of selected phenol. Methods: A sample of 30 tattoo inks was purchased, the phenol contents were analyzed, and a risk assessment on dermal exposure from tattooing was carried out. Hazard identification was collected from toxicity data on systemic effects caused by dermal exposure to phenol, and the most sensitive toxicity value was adopted. Exposure assessment ($Exposure_{phenol}$) was calculated by applying phenol contents and standard exposure factors, while dose-response assessment was based on the collected toxicity data and skin absorption rate of phenol, assessment factors (AFs) for derived no-effect level ($DNEL_{demal}$). In addition, the risk characterization was calculated by comparing the risk characterization ratio (RCR) with $Exposure_{phenol}$ and $DNEL_{dermal}$ Results: The phenol concentration in the 30 products was from 1.4 to $649.1{\mu}g/g$. The toxicity value for systemic effects of phenol was adopted at 107 mg/kg. $Exposure_{phenol}$ in tattooing was from 0.000087 to 0.040442 mg/kg. $DNEL_{dermal}$ was calculated at 0.0072 mg/kg (=toxicity value 107 mg/kg ${\div}$ AFs 650 ${\times}$ skin absorption rate 4.4%). Thirteen out of 30 products showed an RCR between 1.02 and 5.62. The RCR of all red inks was above 1. Conclusions: Phenol was detected in all of the 30 tattoo inks, and the RCR of 13 products above 1 indicates a high level of risk concern, making it necessary to prepare safety management standards for phenol in tattoo inks.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.267-274
• /
• 2021

Sleep plays a critical role in homeostasis of the body and mind. Insomnia is a disease that causes disturbances in the initiation and maintenance of sleep. Insomnia is known to affect not only the sleep process itself but also an individual's cognitive function and emotional regulation during the daytime. It increases the risk of various neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, anxiety disorder, and dementia. Although it might appear that insomnia only affects the nervous system, it is also a systemic disease that affects several aspects of the body, such as the cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems; therefore, it increases the risk of various diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and infection. Insomnia has a wide range of effects on our bodies because sleep is a complex and active process. However, a high proportion of patients with insomnia do not seek treatment, which results in high direct and indirect costs. This is attributed to the disregard of many of the negative effects of insomnia. Therefore, we expect that understanding insomnia as a systemic disease will provide an opportunity to understand the condition better and help prevent secondary impairment due to insomnia.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2001

This study was performed in order to evaluate the risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract infection and the frequencies of organisms isolated, and to provide the epidemiologic and basic data of hospital acquired urinary tract infection in intensive care unit. A prospective analysis was performed with 1,235 urine samples following urinary bladder catheterization in 569 patients, who had no evidence of UTI at the time of catheter insertion, admitted to intensive care unit in Pusan P hospital between June 1997 and May 1998. To identify risk factors for UTI, clinical characteristics of infected patients were analyzed. We analyzed these data by percentage, chi-square and odd ratio. Obtained results were as follows: A total of 569 patients (male 341 and female 228) were an average age of 50.8 years and catheterization of 8.04 days. Incidence of UTI was 16.1% (199/1,235) and The risk factors of UTI were duration of catheterization over 7 days, no use of systemic antibiotics, summer and female, and During the first 7 days these risk factors were no use of systemic antibiotics, summer, place of first catheter insertion (ICU) and type of intensive care unit (NSICU). A total of 220 the isolated strains were Gram negative rod 83 (37.7%), yeast like fungi 74 (33.6%) and Gram positive cocci 63 (28.6%). The common organisms isolated were Enterococcus faecalis 23 (10.5%), Serratia marcescens 19 (8.6%), Pseudomonu spp.17 (7.7%), E. ooh 16 (7.3%), Staphylococcus epidemidis 11 (5.0%) mdklebsiellapneumoniae 8 (3.6%). Therefore, in these results 199 of 569 (35%) patients in ICU with indwelling urinary catheter developed UTI. The risk factors for UTI are prolonged duration of catheterization, no use of systemic antibiotics, summer, and female.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.71-99
• /
• 2010

Adrian and Brunnermeier(2009)가 제안한 CoVaR는 위기의 파급효과를 측정하는 데 유용한 도구이다. 특히 어떤 금융기관이 금융시스템에 대해 어느 정도의 잠재적 리스크를 갖고 있는지를 측정할 수 있다. 본 연구는 CoVaR를 추정하는데 있어서 Adrian and Brunnermeier(2009)가 사용한 분위수 회귀방식이 아니라 이변량 정규분포 및 $S_U$-정규분포 등 모수적 분포함수를 이용하여 CoVaR를 추정하는 방법을 제안한다. 이들 모형을 이용하여 국내 은행산업을 대상으로 CoVaR를 추정하고, 이를 통해 CoVaR의 현실적 유용성을 점검함과 동시에 각 모형들의 추정 성과를 비교한다. 추정 결과, 은행들이 시스템리스크에 양(+)의 기여를 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 모형별로는 $S_U$-정규분포모형에 비해 분위수 회귀와 정규분포모형이 CoVaR를 (절댓값에서) 크게 과소평가하며, 위기수준을 높일수록 그 정도가 심해지는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권8호
• /
• pp.3443-3446
• /
• 2014

The aim of this study was to determine predictive factors for neutropenia after docetaxel-based systemic chemotherapy in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The study included 40 Korean CRPC patients who were treated with several cycles of docetaxel plus prednisolone from May 2005 to May 2012. Patients were evaluated for neutropenia risk factors and for the incidence of neutropenia. In this study, nine out of forty patients (22.5%) developed neutropenia during the first cycle of docetaxel-based systemic chemotherapy. Four experienced grade 2, three grade 3, and one grade 4 neutropenia. Multivariate analysis showed that pretreatment white blood cell (WBC) count (p=0.042), pretreatment neutrophil count (p=0.015), pretreatment serum creatinine level (p=0.027), and pretreatment serum albumin level (p=0.017) were significant predictive factors for neutropenia. In conclusion, pretreatment WBC counts, neutrophil counts, serum creatinine levels, and serum albumin levels proved to be significant independent risk factors for the development of neutropenia induced by docetaxel-based systemic chemotherapy in patients with CRPC.

• 재무관리연구
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.169-204
• /
• 2010

본 논문에서는 한국금융시장의 자료를 이용하여 펀드플로우와 시장위험간의 관계를 검증하고, 펀드플로우의 변화가 시장의 위험수준의 변화를 설명할 수 있는지를 분석하였다. 이는 펀드플로우와 시장위험간의 관계에 대한 학문적 시사점을 제공하고 일각에서 제기하고 있는 펀드런에 의한 시스템리스크 유발가능성을 탐색한다는 점에서 의미를 갖는다. 주식형 펀드플로우와 주식시장 위험에 대한 분석결과는 펀드자금의 유입이 시장위험과 (+)의 관계를 가짐을 보여준다. 채권형 펀드의 경우 펀드플로우는 채무불이행위험프리미엄과 음(-)의 관계를, 기간프리미엄과는 양(+)의 관계를 갖는다. MMF의 결과는 MMF로의 자금유입이 시장의 유동성위험을 줄여줌을 보여준다. 예측오차의 분산분해를 통한 전이지수의 구성을 통해 펀드플로우의 변화가 시장위험의 변화를 얼마나 설명할 수 있는지를 분석한 결과는 설명력이 제한적이며 변동이 매우 심한 결과를 보여준다. 주식시장의 경우 한국자본시장에서 서브프라임 사태의 영향이 본격화된 시기인 2007년 말 이후 펀드플로우에 가해진 변화가 시장의 위험변동을 설명하는 비율이 상대적으로 크게 증가해 이러한 추세가 상당기간 지속되는 모습을 보인다. 반면, 채권시장의 경우 2008년 말 이후 펀드플로우에 가해진 충격이 채권시장의 위험에 전이되는 현상이 지속적으로 나타나며, 단기 금융시장의 경우에는 이러한 현상이 체계적으로 발생하지 않는다. 주식시장과 채권시장에서 보인 특정시기를 중심으로 하는 전염효과의 지속현상은 펀드플로우에 가해진 예상치 못한 충격이 시장위험을 증가시킬 수 있음을 의미한다. 그러나 회귀분석과 VAR 모형의 추정결과, 그리고 분산분해의 설명력 등을 고려하여 판단할 때 본 연구의 결과는 펀드플로우의 변화가 시장위험의 변동을 설명하는 설명력이 제한적이어서 일부에서 우려하는 펀드런에 따른 금융시장의 시스템리스크의 증가와 전반적인 위기의 확산으로 나타날 가능성은 높지 않음을 말해준다.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한치주과학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.16-16
• /
• 2008

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.193-199
• /
• 2012

Objective : The objective of study is to evaluate the incidence of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) in breast cancer patients with parenchymal brain metastases (PBM) and clinical risk factors for the development of LMC. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 27 patients who had undergone surgical resection (SR) and 156 patients with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) as an initial treatment for their PBM from breast cancer in our institution and compared the difference of incidence of LMC according to clinical factors. The diagnosis of LMC was made by cerebrospinal fluid cytology and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Results : A total of 27 patients (14%) in the study population developed LMC at a median of 6.0 months (range, 1.0-50). Ten of 27 patients (37%) developed LMC after SR, whereas 17 of 156 (11%) patients who received WBRT were diagnosed with LMC after the index procedure. The incidence of LMC was significantly higher in the SR group compared with the WBRT group and the hazard ratio was 2.95 (95% confidence interval; 1.33-6.54, p<0.01). Three additional factors were identified in the multivariable analysis : the younger age group (<40 years old), the progressing systemic disease showed significantly increased incidence of LMC, whereas the adjuvant chemotherapy reduce the incidence. Conclusion : There is an increased risk of LMC after SR for PBM from breast cancer compared with WBRT. The young age (<40) and systemic burden of cancer in terms of progressing systemic disease without adjuvant chemotherapy could be additional risk factors for the development of LMC.