• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.282-288
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• 2006

The effects of extracts from various Oriental medicinal herbs on mast-cell-mediated allergic reactions were investigated in this study. Out of these extracts, the medicinal herb Atractylodis rhizoma alba exhibited the most potent activity in the cells, with $IC_50$ values of $20.5\;{\mu}g/ml$, by DNP-BSA and $33.04\;{\mu}g/ml$, by compound 48/80. Similar to the in vitro activity, Atractylodis rhizoma alba inhibited compound-48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis by 31.3% at 300 mg/kg in mice. It also suppressed the secretion of $TNF-{\alpha}$, a major pro-inflammatory cytokine in the cells. These results may suggest that Atractylodis rhizoma alba shows anti-allergic activity in compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic mice through the inhibition of mast cells.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1994

In order to reduce the systemic side effects and gastrointestinal irritation of ketoprofen after its oral administration, it was formulated as a 3% ketoprofen gel (ID-GEL) with Pluronic F-127. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of ID-GEL was evaluated following its transdermal application on the dorsal skin of rats at the dose of 9 mg/kg in reference to those of existing 3% ketoprofen gels. Even though the maximum concentration of 810 ng/ml was reached at 6 hrs postdose, the plasma concentration was kept almost constant until 24 hrs postdose, which suggested that ketoprofen was released continuously from the gel during this period. The bioavailability of ID-GEL was two times higher than those of existing 3% ketoprofen gels, based on the calculated area under the plasma concentration-time curves after the percutaneous administration.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17
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• pp.211-216
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• 2001

Drugs can have various adverse effects on the immune system including unintended immun-osuppression, induction of both drug-specific immune responses (including drug allergies) and non-specific immunostimulation (including autoimmune reactions), and direct activation of effector mechanisms (such as histamine release). As a practical matter, the Center for Drug Evaluation (CDER) relies on standard non-clinical toxicology studies to detect unintended immunosuppression. Specific assays using guinea pigs and mice are available to identify drugs that can induce immune-mediated dermal hypersensitivity reactions. Respiratory and systemic hypersensitivity and autoimmune reactions are more difficult to model in non-clinical studies. Unintended nonspecific immunstimulation can be detected in animal studies. CDER is currently developing specific guidance for evaluating potential drug immunotoxicity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.587-592
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• 1984

Potassium cardioplegia for myocardial preservation is being used extensively in open heart surgery. This study was designed to investigate the change in serum and urine potassium before, during, after the administration of cold blood potassium cardioplegic solution containing 28-30 mEq/L [28.6\ulcorner.56 mEq/L] of potassium chloride in 6 dogs. Total potassium dose used in the study was 14.9\ulcorner.89 mEq/L [1.2 mEq/Kg]. Mean potassium level in serum was within normal limits. Urinary excretion of potassium decreased during bypass but increased after bypass and eventually exceeded the amount of potassium infused as cold blood potassium cardioplegic solution. While cold blood potassium cardioplegia is a safe and efficient method of myocardial protection, postoperative potassium level must be observed carefully in order to detect obligatory potassium excretion following open heart surgery.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.740-744
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• 2005

Bifidobacterium has been previously shown to potentiate immune function, which was mediated through the stimulation of cytokine production by macrophage. This study was performed to further characterize the effective component of Bifidobacterium by measuring the level of interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine using the RAW 264.7 murine cell line as a macrophage model. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence of whole cells (WCs), cell walls (CWs), and cell-free extracts (CFEs) from various strains of Bifidobacterium and other lactic acid bacteria at various concentrations. The most effective component was different depending on the strains and the concentrations used. When tested with each cell fraction from Bifidobacterium sp. BGN4, heat treatment of the cell fractions lowered the production of IL-6. Synergistic effect was obtained, especially when CWs and CFEs were combined. Sonicated WCs stimulated IL-6 production more than intact WCs. The in vitro approaches employed here should be useful in further characterization of the effects of Bifidobacterium on gastrointestinal and systemic immunity.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.27-32
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• 1994

In order to reduce systemic side effects following oral administration, flurbiprofen was formulated as transdermal gels consisting of the drug, poloxamer 407 and ethanol in buffer solutions. The effect of formulation variables in the preparation of flurbiprofen gels on skin permeation of the drug was evaluated using Keshary-Chien diffusion cells fitted with excised rat skins. The permeation rate of flurbiprofen through rat skin was directly proportional to initial drug concentration (between 0.1% and 1.0%) in the gel while it was inversely proportional to poloxamer 407 concentration (between 17.5% and 25%). The skin permeation of flurbiprofen was substantially influenced by the gel pH between 3 and 7, exhibiting a maximum at pH 4. The concentration effect of ethanol on the permeation of the drug was negligible in the concentration range of $10{\sim}20%$.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.31-51
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• 2007

External treatments have various curative effects. According to the existing researches, We have read that many external treatments have been related to obstertic and gynecologic diseases. But systemic description is very rare about external treatment of obstertic and gynecologic diseases. Therefore we would like to describe that. We have found out many sentences that have been related to external treatments about genital organic diseases disease. Comparatively often had been refered diseases are Uterine Prolapse(陰脫), Erosion of Vulva(陰瘡), Puritus Vulvae(陰痒), Mass in Abdomen and Coldness of Genitals(陰冷).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1636-1640
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• 2013

We had found that orally administered Lactobacillus species were effective immune modulators in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. To validate these findings, we investigated the effects of orally administered Lactobacillus brevis HY7401 in OVA-T cell receptor transgenic mice. This strain showed a tendency to induce Th1 cytokines and inhibit Th2 cytokines. All assayed isotypes of OVA-specific antibody were effectively reduced. Systemic anaphylaxis was also relatively reduced with the probiotic administration. These results reveal that L. brevis HY7401 might be useful to promote anti-allergic processes through oral administration.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1739-1744
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• 2019

The present study evaluates the immunomodulatory effect of Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 in murine primary splenocytes and macrophages. B. longum KACC 91563 regulated T- and B-cell proliferation and inhibited the Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ)/Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokine imbalance and immune cytokine production. Moreover, immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were significantly lower after treatment with B. longum KACC 91563. These findings suggest that B. longum KACC 91563 could modulate the systemic immune system toward both IgE production and regulation of the Th1/Th2 balance.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.489-493
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• 2000

Mortality test has been utilized as a basic method for systemic anaphylactic reaction. Compound 48/80 has been used as a direct and convenient reagent to study the mechanism of anaphylacic reaction. The aqueous extracts of 102 medicinal plants were screened for mortality test using compound 48/80. Sixteen out of the 102 medicinal plants exhibited more than 50% of inhibition on mortality test by their total aqueous extracts with 0.1 mg/g as a final concentration.