• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.357-366
• /
• 2016

Pro-inflammatory cytokine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are modulated in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigated the effects of ibuprofen (IBU) on enhanced anxiety in a rat model of PTSD induced by a single prolonged stress (SPS) procedure. The effects of IBU on inflammation and BDNF modulation in the hippocampus and the mechanisms underlying for anxiolytic action of IBU were also investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given IBU (20 or 40 mg/kg, i.p., once daily) for 14 days. Daily IBU (40 mg/kg) administration significantly increased the number and duration of open arm visits in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, reduced the anxiety index in the EPM test, and increased the time spent in the center of an open field after SPS. IBU administration significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, $interleukin-1{\beta}$, and BDNF, in the hippocampus, as assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry. These findings suggest that IBU exerts a therapeutic effect on PTSD that might be at least partially mediated by alleviation of anxiety symptoms due to its anti-inflammatory activity and BDNF expression in the rat brain.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.459-464
• /
• 2005

The immune reinforcement of the probiotic lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum was studied in RAW 264.7 cell line treated with diluted solution (dilution to $2^{5}$) of the supernatnats of lactic acid bacteria. RAW 264.7 cell line was used as a macrophage model to assess the effects of lactic acid bacteria on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ and cell morphological changes. The production of NO and TNF-$\alpha$ were largely affected by lactic acid bacteria in dose-dependent manner in 24 or 48 hr cultures and cell morphological changes were also largely affected by lactic acid bacteria. Especially Bifidobacterium bifidum differentially stimulated the production of NO and TNF-$\alpha$. NO production was increased by Bifidobacterium bifidum 25 $\mu$l/ml more than LPS (20 ng/ml) control, and TW-$\alpha$ by Bifidobacterium bifidum 6.25 $\mu$l/ml more than LPS (10 ng/ml) control. The in vitro approaches employed here should be useful in further characterization of the effects of lactic acid bacteria on systemic immunity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2005

This study demonstrated that xenogenic human marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) could elicit the regeneration of the sensory nerve after axotomy in the adult rats infraorbital nerves without immunosuppression. For this, we evaluated the behavioral testing for functional recovery of the nerve and histological findings at weeks 3 and 5 compared to controls. Xenogenic hMSCs did not evoke any significant inflammatory or immunologic reaction after systemic and local administrations. HMSCs-treated rats exhibited significant improvement on sensory recovery tested with von Frey monofilaments. At 5 postoperative weeks, in the hMSCs treated nerve, expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), neurofilament (NF) at the site of axotomy was higher than control. And mRNA expression of neurotropin receptor Trk precursor (TrkPre), nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and neuropeptide (NPY) in trigeminal ganglion were also higher. The number of myelinated nerve at distal stump and cells in trigeminal ganglion were higher in hMSC treated rats. So it was supposed that transplanted MSCs contributed to reducing post-traumatic degeneration and production of neurotrophic factors. Immunofluorescence labeling showed small portion of hMSCs (<10%) expressed a phenotypic marker of Schwann cell (S-100). Xenogenic or allogenic mesenchymal stem cells might have immune privileged characteristics and useful tool for cell based nerve repair.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.499-504
• /
• 2000

Amelogenesis imperfecta is defined as a genetically determined effect affecting enamel formation and may be associated with other ectodermal or systemic disorders. It is entirely an ectodermal disturbance, since the mesodermal components of the teeth are basically normal. The presentation of diverse clinical manifestations in 1:14,000 to 1:16,000. Classification of the AI types considers mode of inheritance and clinical manifestations. The most widely accepted classification system recognize three major groups; i.e., hypoplastic(thin enamel), hypocalcified(primary mineralization defect), hypomaturation(defect in enamel maturation). The treatment is that at first, genetic counselling must be practiced, and in anterior teeth, composite resin veneer or jacket crown for esthetics, and in posterior teeth, stainlees steel crown or gold onlay.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.35.2-35.2
• /
• 2016

We present a census of AGN-driven gas outflows based on the kinematics of ionized gas and stars, using a large sample of ~11,000 emission line galaxies at z < 0.3, selected from SDSS. First, a broad correlation between gas and stellar velocity dispersions indicates that the bulge gravitational potential plays a main role in determining the ionized gas kinematics. However, the velocity dispersion of the [OIII] emission line is larger than stellar velocity dispersion by a factor of 1.3-1.4, suggesting that the non-gravitational (non-virial) component, i.e., outflows, is almost comparable to the gravitational component. Second, gas-to-stellar velocity dispersion ratio increases with both AGN luminosity and Eddington ratio, suggesting that non-gravitational kinematics are clearly linked to AGN accretion. The distribution in the [OIII] velocity - velocity dispersion diagram dramatically expands toward large values with increasing AGN luminosity, implying that the launching velocity of gas outflows increases with AGN luminosity. Third, the fraction of AGNs with a signature of the non-gravitational kinematics, steeply increases with AGN luminosity and Eddington ratio, while the majority of luminous AGNs presents the non-gravitational kinematics in the [OIII] profile. These results suggest that ionized gas outflows are prevalent among type 2 AGNs. On the other hand, we find no strong trend of the [OIII] kinematics with radio luminosity, once we remove the effect of the bulge gravitational potential, indicating that ionized gas outflows are not directly related to radio activity for the majority of type 2 AGNs. We will discuss the implication of these results for AGN feedback in the local universe.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.419-429
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the development and application of the new nurses' core skill program on the clinical skill, confidence, knowledge and performance of new nurses. Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group post-test design on 46 new nurses with 3 to 6 months work experience in a general hospital. Data were collected from August 2015 to August 2016. A training program of core fundamental nursing skills was applied on 23 new nurses from 2016 in the experiment group, and an existing training method was applied on 23 new nurses from 2015 in the comparison group. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: The experimental group ($89{\pm}4.29$) showed higher score in practical skill assessment compared to the control group ($85.09{\pm}3.99$) and showed a statistically significant difference (p<001). Conclusion: A training program of core fundamental nursing skills for new nurses proved effective in improving practical skills. Further research on the development of a systemic training program that can improve clinical nursing knowledge and work ability for new nurses according to the extended enforcement of a Nursing Care Integrated Service ward is needed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.166-177
• /
• 1991

Uterine cervical cancer is the most common malignancy in korean women. In spite of recent development of early diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, about 40% of treated patient will develop relapse. So more aggressive local treatment such as more extensive surgery and higher radiation dose and administration of systemic chemotherapy will promote the curability but treatment related complications can not be avoidable. We used 22 cases of early cervical cancer, treated with surgery and post-operative radiotherapy, clinical data of these patients were analized to determine relationship between clinical parameters and final outcome. Three out of 22 cases revealed relapse and one patient showed rectovaginal fistula and another patient showed small bowel obstruction and the other patient showed rectal obstruction. Two out of three recurrence were stage IIa and the other one case was stage Ib adenocarcinoma with lymphovascular involvement. Nineteen out of 22 cases were followed without remarkable side effect or treatment related complication or sequelae. We concluded that our treatment policy was safe and effective to eradicate high risk postoperative cervical cancer with acceptable side effects or complication.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.370-378
• /
• 2018

Background: Ginseng has been the subject of many experimental and clinical studies to uncover the diverse biological activities of its constituent compounds. It is a traditional medicine that has been used for its immunostimulatory, antithrombotic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Ginseng may interact with concomitant medications and alter metabolism and/or drug transport, which may alter the known efficacy and safety of a drug; thus, the role of ginseng may be controversial when taken with other medications. Methods: We extensively assessed the effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) in rats on the expression of enzymes responsible for drug metabolism [cytochrome p450 (CYP)] and transporters [multiple drug resistance (MDR) and organic anion transporter (OAT)] in vitro and on the pharmacokinetics of two probe drugs, midazolam and fexofenadine, after a 2-wk repeated administration of KRG at different doses. Results: The results showed that 30 mg/kg KRG significantly increased the expression level of CYP3A11 protein in the liver and 100 mg/kg KRG increased both the mRNA and protein expression of OAT1 in the kidney. Additionally, KRG significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of OAT1, OAT3, and MDR1 in the liver. Although there were no significant changes in the metabolism of midazolam to its major metabolite, 1'-hydroxymidazolam, KRG significantly decreased the systemic exposure of fexofenadine in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Because KRG is used as a health supplement, there is a risk of KRG overdose; thus, a clinical trial of high doses would be useful. The use of KRG in combination with P-glycoprotein substrate drugs should also be carefully monitored.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.20 no.1 s.32
• /
• pp.239-249
• /
• 2007

Background : Allergic rhinitis is the most frequently occuring immunological disorder. It affects men, women and children and represents significant cost in terms of suffering and loss of productivity. Objective & Methods : We referred to the information through Entrex Pubmed from 2004 to 2007 January about alternative medicine for allergic rhinitis, 9 treatises. Results : About 9 treatises, 2 treatises were for the acupuncture treatment, I treatise was for the acupuncture and chinese herbal medicine, 2 treatises were for the single substance(butterbur, soy sauce ingredients), 1 treatise was for the homeopathic preparation, 1 treatise was for the ayur-veda herbal treatment, 1 treatise was for the ultraviolet light phototherapy, 1 treatise was for the systematic review of alternative medicine. Except 2 treatises for the acupuncture treatment, 6 treatises used the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled methods. As a result, we found 5 treatises that treat group had more improvement than control group, 3 treatises that treat group had no difference control group on effect significantly. 1 review article exhibited the most of alternative medical literatures were inadequate methodologically and therapeutic efficacy alternative treatment for allergic rhinitis was not supported by currently available evidence. Conclusion : We found that treatises about the alternative medicine for allergic rhinitis were more and more published. We were supposed that many internal treatises were published adequately by methodology to prove Korean medical treatment effects for allergic rhinitis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.502-508
• /
• 2005

Titrated extract of Centella asiatica (TECA) contains three principal ingredients, asiaticoside (AS), asiatic acid (AA), and madecassic acid (MA). These components are known to be clinically effective on systemic scleroderma, abnormal scar formation, and keloids. However, one problem associated with administration of TECA is its low solubility in aqueous as well as oil medium. In this study, various nonionic surfactants and bile salts as anionic surfactant were tested and screened for solubilizing TECA with a view to developing topical hydrogel type of ointment which is stable physicochemically, and has better pharmacological effects. When TECA was incorporated into various nonionic surfactant systems, labrasol had the most potent capacity for solubilizing TECA. In cases of bile salt systems, Na-deoxycholate (Na-DOC) had foremost solubilizing capacity, even more than labrasol. In differential scanning calorimetric study, the peaks of AA, MA, AS and Na-DOC disappeared at the coprecipitate of $1\%$ TECA and $1\%$ Na-DOC, suggesting the optimum condition of Na-DOC for solubilizing TECA. When the physicochemical stability of hydrogel containing this mixture was assessed, it was stable at room temperature for at least one month. Pharmacologically it significantly decreased the size of wound area at the $9^{th}$ day when applied to the wound area of rat dorsal skin. Taken together, solubility of TECA was dramatically improved by using non ionic and anionic surfactant systems, and Na-DOC was found to be the most effective solubilizer of TECA in formulating a TECA-containing hydrogel typed ointment. Moreover this gel was considered to be applicable to clinical use for wound healing effect.