• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2004

Background: As a potent antigen presenting cell and a powerful inducer of antigen specific immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) are being considered as a promising anti-tumor therapeutic module. The expected therapeutic effect of DCs in renal cell carcinoma was tested in the mouse model. Established late-stage tumor therapeutic (E-T) and minimal residual disease (MRD) model was considered in the in vivo experiments. Methods: Syngeneic renal cell carcinoma cells (RENCA) were inoculated either subcutaneously (E-T) or intravenously (MRD) into the Balb/c mouse. Tumor cell lysate pulsed-DCs were injected twice in two weeks. Intraperitoneal DC injection was started 3 week (E-T model) or one day (MRD model) after tumor cell inoculation. Two weeks after the final DC injection, the tumor growth and the systemic immunity were observed. Therapeutic DCs were cultured from the bone marrow myeloid lineage cells with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 7 days and pulsed with RENCA cell lysate for 18 hrs. Results: Compared to the saline treated group, tumor growth (E-T model) or formation (MRD model) was suppressed in pulsed-DC treated group. RENCA specific lymphocyte proliferation was observed in the RENCA tumor-bearing mice treated with pulsed-DCs. Primary cytotoxic T cell activity against RENCA cells was increased in pulsed-DC treated group. Conclusion: The data suggest the possible anti-tumor effect of cultured DCs in established or minimal residual disease/metastasis state of renal cell carcinoma. Systemic tumor specific immunity including cytotoxic T cell activity was modulated also in pulsed-DC treated group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3331-3333
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• 2014

Background: The results of previous researches that analyzed the association between genetic polymorphisms of transcription factor-7-like 2 (TCF7L2, rs7903146) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were conflicting. Current systematic analysis was conducted to re-explore this association using updated materials. Materials and Methods: The PubMed database was used for data collection and the final search was conducted on January 3, 2014. For TCF7L2 rs7903146, a non-signficiant slight increase in risk of PCOS development was observed under three genetic models (dominant model: OR=1.06, 95%CI: 0.93-1.21, p>0.05; recessive model: OR=1.12, 95%CI: 0.87-1.43, p> 0.05; homozygous model: OR=1.14, 95%CI: 0.87-1.47, p>0.05). In the subgroup analyses in Asian group, allele susceptibility of PCOS was calculated (allele model: OR=1.00, 95%CI: 0.74-1.35, p>0.05; dominant model: OR=0.98, 95%CI: 0.71-1.35, p>0.05; recessive model: OR=1.79, 95%CI: 0.33-9.84, p>0.05; homozygous model: OR=1.78, 95%CI: 0.32-9.80, p>0.05), the differences were again not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings of this systemic analysis suggest that the polymorphism of TCF7L2 rs7903146 may not be associated with the susceptibility to PCOS.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.71-99
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• 2010

Adrian and Brunnermeier(2009)가 제안한 CoVaR는 위기의 파급효과를 측정하는 데 유용한 도구이다. 특히 어떤 금융기관이 금융시스템에 대해 어느 정도의 잠재적 리스크를 갖고 있는지를 측정할 수 있다. 본 연구는 CoVaR를 추정하는데 있어서 Adrian and Brunnermeier(2009)가 사용한 분위수 회귀방식이 아니라 이변량 정규분포 및 $S_U$-정규분포 등 모수적 분포함수를 이용하여 CoVaR를 추정하는 방법을 제안한다. 이들 모형을 이용하여 국내 은행산업을 대상으로 CoVaR를 추정하고, 이를 통해 CoVaR의 현실적 유용성을 점검함과 동시에 각 모형들의 추정 성과를 비교한다. 추정 결과, 은행들이 시스템리스크에 양(+)의 기여를 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 모형별로는 $S_U$-정규분포모형에 비해 분위수 회귀와 정규분포모형이 CoVaR를 (절댓값에서) 크게 과소평가하며, 위기수준을 높일수록 그 정도가 심해지는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.481-488
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• 2016

Dithiocarbamate fungicides such as maneb and mancozeb are widely used nonsystemic protectant fungicides to control various plant fungal diseases. Dithiocarbamate fungicides should be frequently applied to achieve optimal efficacy of disease control and avoid either decline in effectiveness or wash-off from leaf surface. Dithiocarbamates are of low resistance risk but have the potential to cause human neurological diseases. The objective of this study was to develop a strategy to effectively control plant disease with reduced use of dithiocarbamtes. Southern corn leaf blight was the model pathosystem for the investigation. When corn plants were drench-treated with Bacillus cereus C1L, a rhizobacterium able to induce systemic resistance in corn plants against southern leaf blight, frequency of spraying dithiocarbamate fungicides could be decreased. The treatment of B. cereus C1L was able to protect maize from southern leaf blight while residues of dithiocarbamates on leaf surface were too low to provide sufficient protection. On the other hand, frequent sprays of mancozeb slightly but significantly reduced growth of corn plants under natural conditions. In contrast, application of B. cereus C1L can significantly promote growth of corn plants whether sprayed with mancozeb or not. Our results provide the information that plant disease can be well controlled by rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance in combination with reduced but appropriate application of dithiocarbamate fungicides just before a heavy infection period. An appropriate use of rhizobacteria can enhance plant growth and help plants overcome negative effects caused by dithiocarbamates.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.85.1-85.1
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• 2012

Energetic outflow from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) may play a critical role in galaxy evolution. We present a velocity diagnostics for detecting gas outflow in the narrow-line region of Type-2 AGNs using line-of-sight velocity offset of the [O III]${\lambda}5007$ and $H{\alpha}$ emission lines with respect to the systemic velocity of stars in host galaxies. We apply the diagnostics to nearby galaxies at 0.02 < z < 0.05: 3775 AGN-host and 907 star-forming galaxies as a comparison sample, which are selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7. After obtaining a best-fit stellar population model for the continuum and a systemic velocity based on stellar lines, we subtract stellar component to measure velocity offsets of each emission line. We find a sample of 169 AGN-host galaxies with outflow signatures, displaying a larger velocity shift of [O III] than that of $H{\alpha}$, as expected in a decelerating outflow model. We find that the offset velocity of [O III] increases with Eddington ratio, suggesting that gas outflow depends on the energetics of AGN.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.110-117
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• 1986

Plasma disappearance of amaranth (AM), a model compound of organic anionic drugs, was retarded by intravenous infusion of taurodeoxycholate (TDC), a representative bile acid, in the rat. Biliary excretion accounted for 30-60% of the systemic excretion of AM. AM seemed to be metabolised in the hepatocyte to form a compound that is excreted more rapidly into the bile than AM itself, considering apparent biliary clearance, $CL_{bil}$, is much larger than systemic clearance, $CL_s$. Decrease in $CL_{bil}$ by TDC infusion might be due to elevated plasma level rather than decreased biliary excretion of AM. Decreased distribution or urinary excretion of AM by TDC was supposed to be one of the probable reasons of elevated plasma level. Competitive inhibition between AM and TDC on tissue distribution and urinary excretion might explain the mechanism. The effect of TDC on the $CL_{bil}$ of methylene blue, a cationic dye, was quite different from that of AM, as reported previously by us. More intensive study would be necessary to elucidate the difference of biliary excretion between organic anions and cations.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.49-74
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• 2017

What are some of the explanations for cross-national diversity of foresight performance among technological followers? Why are some countries more successful than others in learning how to develop national innovation system foresight? This paper argues that the answers are linked to organizational capacities at three different levels: governmental, policy network and social learning. To corroborate this argument, the paper chose Iran and Korea as benchmarking partners, and attempts to find out what makes Iran a slow learner in building innovation system foresight. The conceptual model is an improved model of Saritas's, by integrating Borras' and Andersen's conceptions and classifications. The data are collected from comprehensive interviews in both countries and second-hand data of international indexes. The paper, finally, concludes that it is the weakness of analytical-systemic capacity that impedes and delays the emergence of systemic foresight in Iran, and that this weakness stems from the adverse impacts of the dominant institutions, surrounding the innovation system. The final point is that it is not sufficient for Iran to learn the methods and techniques of foresight from Korea. It should learn how to open its macro-policy towards the global market and design appropriate industrial strategy in a coherent policy-strategy portfolio.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.949-950
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• 2009

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 1993

The influence of cimetidine pretreatment(100mg/kg, single i.p.) on the hepatic blood flow was investigated using pharmacokinetic parameters of indocyanine green(ICG) in the rat on the basis of hepacc perfusion-limited model. ICG(1mg/kg) was respectively administered via femoral and portal vein to the control and to the cimetidine-pretreated rats. The rate constant K12, K20 and the systemic clearance(CLt) of ICG were significantly(p<0.05) decreased ill the cimetidine-pretrea-to(B rats, but no significant diffirences were observed in hematocrit and liver weight. The biliary excretion rates of ICG were also decreased regardless of the route of administration in the cimetidine-pretreated rats. And also the hepatic blood flow in rats was decreased about $16\%$ by cimetidine. It may be concluded that the decreased hepatic blood flow with cimetidine mainly contributed to the decreased hepatic uptake and the decreased systemic clearance of ICG.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-70
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• 2005

This study explores the process of corporate corruption via a percolation-based system dynamics model. The preliminary model is an agent-based model constructed in the terms of the corruption networking between ego and other. In the model, the agents behave depending on percolation rules, which represent (1) passing on the corruption opportunities and (2) accepting it. To describe the percolation process in the networks, we develop a further complicated model by combining the basic model with the Bethe lattice. Through the complicated model, we suggest (1) the dynamics of the systemic corporate corruption, (2) 4 patterns of the corruption, and (3) the institutionalization of the corruption. These simulation results provide theoretical and practical implications.