• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2018

The study is conducted to establish the National Protected Areas Integrated System(NPAIS) which includes National Protected Areas(NPAs) and other conservation measures in terms of effective ways for biodiversity conservation. Additionally, it is carried out to evaluate progress toward quantitative expansion goals in Aichi biodiversity Target 11. The NPAIS consists of NPAs and other effective area-based conservation measures(OECMs). There are two different types of OECMs. OECMs type I, including water-source protection Areas(WPA), riparian zones(RZ), fishery-resource protection zones (FPZ), and urban natural park zones(UNPZ), is a potential protected area which is recommended to be incorporated into the NPAs for effective management. OECMs type II means development restriction zones(DRZ), natural recreation forests(NRF), and buffer zones for Korea national arboretum(BKNA). As a result of evaluating the quantitative expansion goals of the NPAIS, terrestrial and inland water protected areas exceed 17% of the quantitative goal in Aichi biodiversity Target 11. The larger the area of individual OECMs and the lower the degree of overlap with NPAs, the higher the contribution of them to the terrestrial and inland water protected areas. DRZ contributes to enlarge more than 3% of quantitative expansion. And RZ and NRF contribute more than 1%. The marine protected areas are expanded by $1,425km^2$ through FPZ, but the expanded area is very small as comparing with the total marine area. It adds only 0.321% to the quantitative expansion. The rest of OECMs also has very poor quantitative expansion contributions in the marine area. Consequently, the NPAIS is effective for quantitative expansion of land areas, but not for marine areas.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.1 s.113
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• pp.54-61
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• 2006

Basically corrugated board is composed of three layers of different basis weight and stock composition. Warp is well-known for one of the most important problems of corrugated board production. Warp is caused by difference of hygro-expansibility of linears between top and bottom. This research was performed to evaluate the effect of paper properties on the warp of corrugated board. To evaluate warp, dynamic expansion properties of paper was tested using DPM(dynamic penetration measuring system). The effects of sizing, stock composition and wet-pressing on dynamic expansion properties were also evaluated. Commercial base papers showed different dynamic expansion property depending on stock composition and papermaking operation. Sizing treatment decreased and wet-pressing increased the amount of dynamic expansion. To reduce warp of corrugated board, management of dynamic expansion of base papers should be controlled by manipulating moisture, heat and tension, using a variety of adjustments available on the corrugator.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.468-479
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• 2012

In this paper, by a simple example it is shown that existing market-based criteria alone cannot completely and correctly evaluate the transmission network expansion from market view. However criteria congestion cost (CC) and social welfare (SW) together are able to correctly evaluate transmission network from market view and so they are adopted for the market-based transmission expansion planning. To simply indicate the limits of CC and SW social welfare percentage (SWP) and congestion cost percentage (CCP) are defined. To consider uncertainty in bids of market producers and consumers, and also indeterminacy in the acceptable boundaries of the SWP and CCP and their priorities, fuzzy assessment approach is used. In this approach, appropriate fuzzy sets and a fuzzy rule base are provided to evaluate the acceptability of an expansion plan. Then, the least-investment cost plan, which is acceptable in all probable scenarios, is searched. The proposed method is applied to an 8-bus system.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2007

With the rapid changes in healthcare system, the impact on healthcare design is significant and constantly changed. Because of emergence of new technology, far-advanced methods of healthcare delivery, and changing social and environmental issues, the healthcare planners and architects have to make sure that future expansion are taken into consideration when they design the hospitals. This thesis aims to investigate the hospital remodeling cases in Korea and USA and find the solutions for the vertical expansion of the hospitals in the metropolitan area where the buildings may be limited to be horizontally expanded. The M Cancer center in Manhattan, NY is selected to be carefully investigated and analyzed. Based on this analysis, the strategy for the vertical expansion of the hospital will be suggested.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.806-811
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• 2004

Currently, in the design criteria for the high speed railway bridges, the maximum distance between bridge expansion joint is limited to 80m using a continuous welded mil, in order to limit the additional stress in the rail due to the rail-bridge interaction. In the past study on the resonance effect of HSR train, it is known that the reduction of resonance and dynamic responses of bridge deck occurs at the specific expansion length of 28.05m and 46.75m. In this study, the stability of track structure on the HSR bridges with expansion length of 90m has checked by finite element method. And the track behavior including mil stresses and relative displacements are compared to the current state of track structures on the bridge system with 80m long expansion length.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.80-86
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• 2021

Plastics are widely used in mechanical and other fields due to their light weight, design flexibility, and molding processability. In processing plastics, defective products are mixed and reprocessed to improve production efficiency and reduce costs. In this study, an experiment was conducted to confirm the coefficient of thermal expansion of HDPE during this reprocessing. The coefficient of thermal expansion was measured at different measurement directions and heating rates. As a result, we observed that the coefficient of thermal expansion in the direction perpendicular to the injection direction is greater than that in the horizontal direction.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.1089-1096
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• 2001

The cool-down performance after soaking is very important in an automotive air-conditioning system and is considered as the key design variable. Therefore, understanding of the overall transient characteristics of the system is essential to the preliminary design as well as steady-state characteristics. The objective of this study is to develop a computer simulation model and estimate theoretical1y the transient performance of an automotive air-conditioning system. To accomplish this, a mathematical modelling of each component, such as compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator, is presented first of all. For a detailed calculation, condenser and evaporator are divided into many subsections. Each sub-section is an elemental volume for modelling. In models of expansion valve and compressor, dynamic behaviors are not considered in an attempt to simplify the ana1ysis, but the quasi-static ones are just considered, such as the relation between mass flow rate and pressure drop in expansion device, polytropic process in compressor, etc. The developed simulation model is validated with a comparison to laboratory test data of an automotive air-conditioning system. The overall time-tracing properties of each component agreed fairly well wish those of test data in this case.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1979

This study is proposed to find an appropriate body for high expansion glass ceramics of ${Na}_2O-{Al}_2O_3-{SiO}_2$ system. The compositions of basic glasses are selected to be melted easily and to be crystallized into nepheline with various contents of alumina. The crystallization temperatures of basic glasses are determined by DTA. The crystals in the basic glasses developed by heat treatment are investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, and thermal properties such as expansion coefficients, fusion points are measured. We find, therefore,that crystallization temperatures, crystal phases and thermal properties are affected by content of alumina.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.7
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• pp.957-965
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• 2012

Korean government has been preparing the introduction of Emission Trading as part of the framework convention on Climate Change as a relief of negative downstream effect over electricity industry. This paper develops a mathematical model amenable to analyzing the economic impact of introduced emission trading system on the national generation expansion planning. The developed model was also employed with a case study to verify its applicability.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.466-469
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• 2016

External volume expansion of the recipient site by suction has been proposed as a way of improving fat graft survival. The objective of this study was to present an innovative and simple intraoperative external expansion system to enhance small-volume autologous fat grafting (40-80 mL) and to discuss its background and its mechanism of action. In this system, expansion is performed using a complete vacuum delivery system known as the Kiwi VAC-6000M with a PalmPump (Clinical Innovations). The recipient site is rapidly expanded intraoperatively 10 times for 30 seconds each with a negative pressure of up to 550 mm Hg before autologous fat injection. During this repetitive stimulation, the tissues become grossly expanded, developing macroscopic swelling that regresses slowly over the course of hours following the cessation of the stimulus. The system sets various mechanisms in motion, including scar release, mechanical stimulation, edema, ischemia, and inflammation, which provide an environment conducive for cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In order to maintain the graft construct in its expansive state, all patients are encouraged postoperatively to use the Kiwi three times daily for one minute per session over the course of three days. The handling of this system is simple for both the patients and the surgeon. Satisfactory clinical outcomes have been achieved without significant complications.