• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 1989

To maximize the performance of recombinant cell fermentation process through optimizing environmental conditions, the production of invertase from recombinant Saccharomyces cerebisiae Containing SUC2 gene was studied as a model. The recombinant cells showed biphasic growth on glucose. Since the promoter of the SUC2 is regulated by the concentration of glucose in the medium, expression of invertase by recombinant yeast began when the glucose concentration decreased in a range of 0.25-0.4 g/L during the batch culture. Plasmid segregation occured frequently during glucose fermentation, and infrequently during ethanol oxidation. A rapid appearance of invertase activity with glucose was observed under nonaerated condition, and the maximum specific invertase activity was about 1.5 times as high as under aerobic condition, In fed batch culture, when n low level of glucose was continuously supplied to the tormentor after the time of glucose depletion during growth phase, specific and total invertase activity increased about 1.7 and 2.9 fold, respectively, in a batch culture.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.48
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• pp.117-139
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• 2017

The possibility of interactivity of digital media environment is adopted in human expression system and integrates the dynamic aspect of digital technology with expressive structure, thereby transforming the paradigm of image acceptance as well as image expression range. Virtual reality images have an important meaning in that they are changing the one-way mechanism of production and acceptance of images that lead to producers-video-audiences beyond the problem of verisimilitude such as how vividly they simulate reality. First of all, the virtual reality image is not one-sided but interactive image composed by the user. Viewing a virtual reality image does not just see the camera shine, but it gets the same view as in the real world. Therefore, the image that was controlled through framing changes to be configured positively by the user. This implies a change in the paradigm of image acceptance as well as a change in the existing form of the image itself. In addition, the narrative structure of the image and the subjects that are formed in the process are also required to be discussed. In the virtual reality image, the user 's gaze is a fusion of the gaze inside the image and the gaze outside the image. This is because the position of the user as the subject of the gaze in the virtual reality image is continuously restricted by the device of the discourse such as the editing and the narration of the shot. The significance of the virtual reality image is not aesthetically perfect but it is reconstructed according to the user to reflect the existence of the user positively and engage the user in the image.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.27-50
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• 2016

The present study argues that documentary-animation films, which are based on actual human voices, on the level of representation, constitute a new expansion for the medium of animation films, which serve as testimonies to the real world. Animation films are produced using very diverse techniques so that they are complex to the degree of being indefinable, and documentary films, though based on objective representation, increase in complexity in that there exist various types of artificial interventions such as direction and digital image processing. Having emerged as a hybrid genre of the two media, documentary-animation films draw into themselves actual events and elements so that they conceptually share reality-based narratives and are visually characterized by the trappings of animation films. Generally classified as 'animated documentaries', this genre triggered discussions following the release of , a work that is mistaken as having used rotoscoping transforming live action in terms of the technique. When analyzed in detail, however, this work is presented as an ambiguous medium where the characteristics of animation films, which are virtual simulacra without reality, and of documentaries, which are based on the objective indexicality of the referents, coexist because of its mixed use of typical animation techniques, 3D programs, and live-action images. Discussed in the present study, , , and share the characteristics of the medium of documentaries in that the narratives develop as testimonies of historical figures but, at the same time, are connected to animation films because of their production techniques and direction characteristics. Consequently, this medium must be discussed as a new expansion rather than being included in the existing classification system, and such a presupposition is an indispensable process for directly facing the reality of the works and for developing discussions. Through works that directly use the interviewees' voices yet do not transcend the characteristics of animation films, the present study seeks to define documentary-animation films and to discuss the possibility of the medium, which has expanded as a testimony to the real world.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2011

S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC; EC 4.1.4.50), a key enzyme for polyamines biosynthesis, was tightly regulated for homeostatic levels. Carnation SAMDC gene (CSDC9) has an small upstream open reading frame (uORF) of 54 amino acids in 5'-leader sequence. To explore the functional mechanism of uORFs in controlling translation, we used a GUS reporter gene driven with the 35S promoter and uORF region of SAMDC gene for making transgenic tobacco plants. In our experiment, there were a translational inhibition of its downstream GUS ORF by SAMDC uORF sequence or SAMDC uORF protein. Expecially, translational inhibition was most effective in point-mutated construct, in which the start codon was changed. Therefore, this results suggested the ribosomal stalling might be involved in this translational inhibitory process. The frame shift in amino acid sequence of SAMDC uORF with start codon and stop codon resulted in a moderate increasing in GUS activity, suggesting the native amino acid sequence was important for a function as a translational inhibitor. Also, we showed that the production of GUS protein was significantly inhibited in the presence of the small uORF using histochemical analysis of GUS expression in seedlings and tobacco flowers. Importantly, the small uORF sequence induced a real peptide of 5.7 kDa, which was provided the presence of SAMDC uORF peptide band using an in vitro transcription/translation system. The peptide product of uORF might interact with other components of translational machinery as well as polyamines, which was resulted from that polyamine treatment was inhibited GUS protein band in SDS-PAGE experiment.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.158-175
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to understand and improve the clothing habits and the apparel industry of North Korea in preparation for the reunification of South and North Korea. For this study, literary data, reports, periodicals, interviews and internet data of the two Koreas were reviewed. North Korean clothing habits used to be monotonous and uniform but nowadays people's clothes have become somewhat brighter in color and more diverse in design than before. In particular, liberal and individual dressing habits appeared among the privileged classes. When taking part in national events, women have to wear the traditional Korean costume, Hanbok, while men wear business suits for formal wear. In general, men don't wear Hanbok. Students have to be in uniforms but blue jeans, T-shirts with English logos were popular among them reflecting their sensitivity and openness towards western cultures. The brides usually wear pink Hanboks and the bridegrooms wear black business suits for their wedding. North Koreans also wear Hanbok on national holidays like South Koreans. Clothing is the most important item in the trade of process commission between North and South Korea. Trading items are mid to low end men's clothing for the most part due to less emphasis on fashion in the North. The processing is indirect trade and composed of sample making and contracting, sending out materials and production, carrying in goods and setting accounts. To activate South-North trade, establishment of infrastructure, stabilization of shipping, reducing high costs of distribution, building direct communication system by setting up office in a neutral zone and simplifying procedures in applying for the South and North Korea Economic Cooperation Fund. On the other hand, clothing and textiles education is carried on at art colleges, light industries colleges and commercial colleges in Pyongyang. Clothing institutes which study Hanbok and Western clothes, are installed in each city and province. Graduates who majored in clothing and textiles are posted in institutes or apparel factories. Their job is designing, patternmaking and sewing for their customers. Most of them are women and in good state of economic conditions. The North Korean clothing industry has been the core national industry that has developed based on overseas demand form the mid 1980s. The standard is that of South Korea in the early 1980s. In 1999, trade of North Korean textile products with trade counterparts such as Japan and China was $1.3 million in exports and $1.27 in imports. Of this amount the export takes up 25.4% of the total exports in North Korea. However, fundamentally even in sectors that are irrelevant to politics such as the fashion clothing industry, trust between the South and North should be a prerequisite. Only through this can exchange between North and South and economic cooperation contribute towards the reunification.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.201-205
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• 2005

Tri-octyl amine (TOA) is used in solvent extraction process for radioactive waste. This compound may be degraded to di-octyl amine (DOA), mono-octyl amine (MOA) by radioactive materials. Amount of TOA, DOA and MOA in TOA must be monitored because they production of these compounds means degradation of which leads to a decrease in the extraction yield. Retention behavior for TOA, DOA and MOA are studied with Phenomenex LUNA-$C_{18}$ ($4.6mm{\times}25cm$) analytical column and $CH_3OH:H_2O$ (50 mmol $CH_3COONH_4$) eluent by liquid chromatography. Optimum condition for these compounds is $CH_3OH:H_2O$ (50 mmol $CH_3COONH_4$) = 85 : 15 ratio. TOA, DOA and MOA compounds is well separated within 20 minute. Dynamic range is $30{\sim}160{\mu}g/mL$ for TOA, $5{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$ for DOA and $0.1{\sim}5{\mu}g/mL$ for MOA, respectively. The detection limit are $0.1{\mu}g/mL$ for TOA, $1{\mu}g/mL$ for DOA (in SCAN mode) and $0.1{\mu}g/mL$ for MOA (in SIM mode) in this system with $20{\mu}L$ sample loop.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 1977

To get a basic information for improving Korean's pattern of comsuming red pepper and the possibility of its industrial production, consumer's ways of red pepper processing and his present dietary habits were surveyed and the results are follows; (1) Korean's daily consumption of red pepper was on the average 9.2 g on the basis of the whole dried red pepper. (2) The tendency of evading the home drying method was increased; 72.22% in urban community and 50.4% in rural community purchased the dried red pepper in the lump yearly. The household purchasing the fresh red pepper and using the home drying was 27.8% in urban community and 49.6% in rural community, so one third of urban household was still using the home drying method. The case of dependence on tine drying factory was no more than 2.6%. (3) Drying method was mainly sun drying which done on the poor circumstance like as the street side without the proper equipment of drying. Home process of red pepper by housewife was 70.8%, and the old, housekeeper were only 7.3% respectively. (4) The hygienic sense in the drying was rare; 68.8% was not washed and 51.9% of decayed red pepper was eaten. (5) Koreans prefered the strong pungency, deep red color and fine powder form. (6) While the 45.5% of seed was collected by second hand dealer and made use of as resources of edible oil, it was not used effectively due to complexity of its collection system. (7) While 40.1% desired the improvement of red pepper dietary life, 41.1% distrusted the present commercial red pepper powder on the market. From the results above, we conclude the fact many households have still hygienically poor red pepper processed at home, in spite of the red pepper is one of the most important spices in Korea. Considering the growing urban population, reduction of unemployed labor due to the increasing nuclear family and hygienic problems caused by the serious pollution, the improvement of red pepper processing method is urgently required. And it is believed that red pepper has a good prospect to be processed on the industrial scale in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.656-662
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• 2015

Natural products and natural product structures play a general and highly significant role in drug discovery and development process because it has various merits and potentials for new drug source that have extensive clinical experience, development time contraction, excellent stability and safety. In several neurological disorders, neuronal death and excessive activation of microglia (neuro-inflammation) are observed. A number of drug discovery-related neuronal cell death and neuro-inflammation was studied from natural products, respectively. However, until now, it has not been possible to study dual-protection molecules recorded in the Natural Product library. In the present study, using the natural product-derived library of the Institute for Korea Traditional Medical Industry, we investigated dual-protective molecules against glutamate (a classical excitatory neurotransmitter)-induced oxidative stress mediated neuronal cell death and LPS-induced excessive activated microglial cells (immune cells of the brain). Chrysophanol, extracted from Rheum palmatum, had dual-protective effects against both glutamate-induced neuronal cell death and LPS-induced NO production, triggering proinflammatory cytokines and microglia activation and resulting in neuroinflammation. Flow-cytometry analysis revealed that chrysophanol had a scavenger effect, scavenging glutamate- and LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by neuronal and microglial cells, respectively. Based on the present study, chrysophanol may have an important protective role against neuronal cell death and neuroinflammation in the brain. The results may be helpful for studying drug development candidates for treating central nervous system disorders.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.261-273
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• 2011

Mega-corporations are emerging as a result of M&As (mergers and acquisitions) in the logistics industry. The global logistics market has progressed in a continuously competitive manner. Global logistics corporations provide integrated set of services, from production to disposal in order to manage the process efficiently throughout the diverse regions of the world. To advance into an total integrated logistics provider, the corporation must have professional knowledge in logistics and information technology which are necessary to deliver effective integrated logistics solutions. The government has integrated the logistics corporations both horizontally and vertically with the aim to foster logistics corporations possessing global competitiveness. Six years have passed since the implementation of the comprehensive (total) logistics industry certification system in pursuit of making Korea the hub for the Northeast Asian logistics market. This study compares and analyzes the efficiency of nine mega integrated logistics providers by applying the CCR model and BCC model. Each of the nine corporations is subject to certification as integrated logistics corporations. In Korea, nine corporations are certified individually as integrated logistics corporations out of the 31 logistics providers. The analysis showed that the Glovis was the most efficient integrated logistics provider reaching 100% in efficiency and displayed the highest efficiency for six consecutive years from 2005 to 2010. The study also found that the Glovis will be able to maintain 100% in efficiency rate, even though the input are increased over six times as many as those of 2010.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2004

The sheetwise cadastral map data needs to become a Serial Cadastral Map (SCM) database for the promotion of the reliability of cadastral surveying, for the efficient operation of the Parcel Based Land Information System, and for the convenient use of land information as well. A large amount of money and time are required for the editing process of producing SCM DB in accordance with the $\ulcorner$Guideline for the Production of Serial Cadastral Maps$\lrcorner$ by the Ministry of Construction & Transportation if any of field surveying techniques is accompanied by. In addition, a boundary line that extends to a neat line does not meet the counterpart of the neighboring map sheet at a point. Such cases frequently occur and are much dependent upon the decisions of individuals in charge of editing or inspecting. The core processes of the research, firstly overlay SCM produced by the edition of the sheetwise cadastral maps with Autodesk Map on orthophoto images, secondly adjust the parcel boundaries which are delineated over more than one map sheet, and lastly compare the original boundary coordinates and areas with the corresponding adjusted ones and calculate root mean square errors (RMSEs). The research aims at promoting the quality of SCM by minimizing the inconsistency of parcel boundaries by means of the comparative analysis of the calculated RMSEs.