• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.21
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• pp.23-29
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• 2003

Worldwide consumption of vegetable soybean bas been increasing recently, hence it is necessary to produce good quality of soybean in our farms. In the process of vegetable soybean production threshing and seperation work accounts for about 80% of overall labor. Therefore, developing of the vegetable soybean thresher is necessary to reduce the cost of labor. The purpose of this study is to acquire the basic informations to design of the vegetable soybeans-thresher. We make the experimental system which measure the physical properties and investigate the detachment forces. Also, We calculated the minimum speed of threshing cylinder. The result are as follows; 1. The average length of soybean stem is 68.2cm. 2. The length of soybean pods are seen as 61.3mm for 3 grain, 52.6mm fer 2 grains and 41.0mm fer 1 grain 3. The widths of soybean pods are seen as 14.1mm fer 3 grain, 13.8mm fer 2 grains and 13.4mm fer 1 grain. 4. The weights of soybean pods are seen as 4.1grams for 3 grains, 2.7grams for 2 grains and 1.4grams for 1 grain. 5. The average detachment forces of pods are seen as 1.5kgf for 3 grains, 1.2kgf for 2 grains and 0.8kgf for 1 grain respectively For 1 grain, the detachment force of pods ranges from 0.2kgf to 1.4kgf. For 2 grains, the minimum detachment force of pods is seen as 0.6kgf and the maximum one is seen as 2.5kgf. For 3 grains, the minimum detachment force of pods is seen as 0.7kgf and the maximum one is seen as 2.7kgf. 6. The minimum speed of threshing cylinder is shown 6.83m/s.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.406-421
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• 2017

This study describes a precise numerical analysis process by adopting the real image of mine openings obtained by LIDAR, which can produce a point cloud data by measuring the target surface numerically. Research area is a section of underground limestone mine which is used hybrid room-and-pillar method for improving the production rate. From the application of LIDAR to this section several results were deduced, that is, the central axis of upper and lower vertical safety pillars is distorted to the direction of NW and the section area of lower vertical safety pillar is $34m^2$ smaller than the designed area of $100m^2$. The results of precise measurement in geometrical shape of mine openings and precise simulation in numerical analysis confirms that LIDAR techniques can be suggested as a valuable tool for stability analysis in underground mine by configuring the mine opening shape.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of Makjang, Korean traditional fermented soybean paste, which has recently been disappearing, for its preservation. Six kinds of commercial Makjang from three different regions (Kang-won-do, Choong-chung-do, and Kyung-sang-do) were analysed for approximate composition, salinity, pH, total phenol contents, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. Moisture content of samples was 48.30-58.93% while, crude protein was 9.42-13.67%. Crude fat was 2.45-6.50%, crude fiber was 2.08-6.45%, and ash was 6.59-14.64%. Salinity content ranged from 5.63-12.68%, and pH ranged from 4.36-5.67. Soluble solid content and reducing sugar content of samples ranged from 38.3-54.5 Brix and 22.38-31.61% respectively. The lightness, redness, and yellowness of the Hunter color system of samples were 16.58-28.19, 7.8-16.51, and 8.35-14.21, respectively. Total polyphenol contents were 0.20-0.45 mg/ml. Antioxidant activities determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ value) ranged from 45.07 mg/ml to 95.93 mg/ml and 69.81 mg/ml to 309.40 mg/ml, respectively. From these results, it was suggested that the manufacturing process of Makjang is needed to standardize for quality control, and for mass production.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

Climate change is known to affect both natural and managed ecosystems, and will likely impact on the terrestrail carbon balance. This paper reports the effects of climate change on spatial-temporal changes in carbon reductions in South Korea's during 2000-2100. Future carbon (C) stock distributions are simulated for the same period using various spatial data sets including land cover, net primary production(NPP) and leaf area index (LAI) obtained from MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), and climate data from Data Assimilation Office(DAO) and Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA). This study attempts to predict future NPP using multiple linear regression and to model dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature. Plants store large amounts of carbon during the growing periods. During 2030-2100, Carbon accumulation in vegetation was increased to $566{\sim}610gC/m^2$/year owing to climate change. On the other hand, soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of carbon dioxide. The estimated soil respiration spatially ranged from $49gC/m^2$/year to $231gC/m^2$/year in the year of 2010, and correlating well with the reference value. This results include Spatial-Temporal C reduction variation caused by climate change. Therefore this results is more comprehensive than previous results. The uncertainty in this study is still large, but it can be reduced if a detailed map becomes available.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.497-504
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• 2012

The mobile harbor is a new innovative system that delivers containers from a containership to a harbor without good infrastructure. A crane is installed on the deck of the mobile harbor and transfers the containers. The structure of the crane is influenced by the inertia force that occurs from a moving support. Thus an accurate safety verification considering the moving support is required. Lightweight of the crane structure is also significant in the design for low production cost and efficient operation. Dynamic response optimization can be exploited to achieve these two requirements. Equivalent static loads method is employed for dynamic response optimization of the crane. The equivalent static loads method transforms dynamic loads to equivalent static loads, and static response structural optimization with the transformed equivalent static loads are solved. The process proceeds in a cyclic manner. A new method is proposed to consider the moving supports and the structure of the mobile harbor is optimized using the proposed method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic-ecosystem model was developed and applied to Chinhae Bay which is located in the southeastern sea of Korea. The model includes a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model and an eutrophication model, and the model operates on the same grid system. The agreement between predicted and measured results is reasonably encouraging. The concentrations of the calculated COD, DIN and DIP are appeared to be very high due to the phytoplankton production and the wastewater input in the northern part of Chinhae Bay. Anoxic and hypoxic water masses in the bottom layer occur in the northern part of the bay due to the excess loading of wastewater and strong stratification, and in the western inner part of the bay due to high oxygen consumption in densely populated aquaculturing facilities. DO concentration contours show parallel to the bay entrance line, which means the importance of supplying DO by physical process from the mouth of the bay. Although both the hydrodynamic and biochemical processes play important role to form the hypoxic waters in the bottom of the inner bay, it is suggested that the hydrodynamic conditions such as the vertical and the horizontal eddy diffusivity are primarily important factors.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.3989-4006
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• 2020

The intelligent agriculture monitoring is based on the perception and analysis of environmental data, which enables the monitoring of the production environment and the control of environmental regulation equipment. As the scale of the application continues to expand, a large amount of data will be generated from the perception layer and uploaded to the cloud service, which will bring challenges of insufficient bandwidth and processing capacity. A fog-based offline and real-time hybrid data analysis architecture was proposed in this paper, which combines offline and real-time analysis to enable real-time data processing on resource-constrained IoT devices. Furthermore, we propose a data process-ing algorithm based on the incremental principal component analysis, which can achieve data dimensionality reduction and update of principal components. We also introduce the concept of Squared Prediction Error (SPE) value and realize the abnormal detection of data through the combination of SPE value and data fusion algorithm. To ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the algorithm, we design a regular-SPE hybrid model update strategy, which enables the principal component to be updated on demand when data anomalies are found. In addition, this strategy can significantly reduce resource consumption growth due to the data analysis architectures. Practical datasets-based simulations have confirmed that the proposed algorithm can perform data fusion and exception processing in real-time on resource-constrained devices; Our model update strategy can reduce the overall system resource consumption while ensuring the accuracy of the algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 2020

Stow net fishery is one of the fishery with high fishing work accidents in southwestern sea of Korea. We conducted to serve as basic data for improving the healthy and safe working environment of fisher using risk assessment process (ISO45001) with fishermen's occupational accidents of the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperative (NFFC) from 2016 to 2018. The average occurrence rate of victim in this fishery was 9.04%, 16.7 times more than such rate in all industries. In addition, the average fatality rate was found to have a very serious level management to 31.06‱, 27.7 times more than such rate in all industries. The safety hazards of stow net fishery was more likely to occur by other general industrial groups, with more severe consequences after the accident. According to 4M analysis, 58.6% of all accidents were caused by human factors, 24.0% by environmental factors, 16.0% by mechanical factors, and 1.5% by managerial factors, respectively. The occurrence frequency by accident type was the highest in 187 cases (32.2%) for struck by object, 158 cases (27.2%) for slipping, and 94 cases (16.2%) for being in contact with machinery. Severity is the highest for others such as diseases etc., in the order of being struck by object, being in contact with machinery, falling from above slipping, collapsing, bumping, and burning. Being struck by object, being in contact with machinery, and slipping are high-risk groups, falling from above others, bumping, and burning are medium-risk groups based on the risk assessment using the occurrence frequency and severity of accident. The obtained results are expected to contribute to the safe operation environment subsidy for fishing crews on the stow net fishing vessel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2020

The adjudication of Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal (KMST) was analyzed to collect basic data to identify the cause of the risk that did not appear in the current data provided by the fishermen's occupational accidents of the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperative (NFFC) in stow net fishing vessel from 2015 to 2019. The personnel's carelessness was the most common in 29 out of 33 accidents (87.9%), followed by 25 cases (75.8%) of inadequacy of instructions, 24 cases (72.7%) of inadequacy of education on hazard factor, 20 cases (60.6%) of no personal protection equipment, 18 cases (54.5%) of poor guard, 17 cases (51.5%) of inadequacy of work method, 16 cases (48.5%) of absence of emergency stop button, 14 cases (42.4%) of work practice of poor safety precautions that affected more than 40% of all accidents as accident causes. These causes had a strong influence on each other, and the ratio of accident causes is high. With this relationship, accidents can be prevented or the severity of human injury can be reduced if types of accident process can be estimated with a scenario, and the key points before the accident in the scenario are switched to safe points.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.81-90
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• 2014

Modern systems can be characterized by ever-increasing complexity of both the functionality and system scale. Thus, due to the complexity the chances of accidents resulting from systems failure can then be growing. Even worse is that those accidents could result in disastrous damage to the human being and properties as well. Therefore, the need for the developed systems to be assured with systems safety is apparent in a variety of industries such as rail, automobiles, airplanes, ships, oil refinery, chemical production plants, and so on. To this end, in the industry an appropriate safety standard has been published for its own safety-assured products. One of the core activities included in the most safety standards is hazard analysis. A conventional approach to hazard analysis seems to depend upon the scenarios derived from the ones used previously in similar systems or based on former experience. The objective of this paper is to study an improved process for scenario-based hazard analysis. To achieve the goal, the top-level safety requirements have first been reflected in the scenarios. By analyzing and using them, the result has then lead to the development of safety-assured systems. The method of modeling and simulation has been adopted in the generation and verification of scenarios to check whether the safety requirements are reflected properly in the scenarios. Application of the study result in the case of rail safety assurance has also been discussed.