• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.277-282
• /
• 2007

For more accurate and practical design of the residual treatment train at water treatment plants(WTPs), a computational program based on the commercial spreadsheet, Microsoft Excel, was developed. The computational program for the design of a residual treatment train(DRTT) works in three steps which estimate the residual production to be treated, analyze the mass balance, and determine the size of each unit process. Of particular interest in the DRTT program, is provision for a filter backwash recycle system consisting of surge tank and sedimentation basin for more efficient recycling of backwash water. When the DRTT program was applied to the Chungju WTP, the program was very beneficial in avoiding errors which might have occurred during arithmetic calculations and in reducing the time needed to get the output. It is anticipated that the DRTT program could be used for design of new WTPs as well as the rehabilitation of existing ones.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.1273-1273
• /
• 2001

The efficiency of the luminal fermentation process influences overall efficiency of luminal production, animal health and reproduction. Ruminant production systems have a significant impact on the global environment, as well. Animal wastes contribute to pollution of the environment as ammonia volatilized to the air and nitrate leached to ground water. Microbial protein synthesis in the rumen satisfies a large proportion of the protein requirements of animals. Quantifying the microbial synthesis is possible by using markers for lumen bacteria and protozoa such as nucleic acids, purine bases, some specific amino acids, or by isotopic $^{15}N,^{32}P,\;and\;^{35}S$ labelled feeds. All those methods require cannulated animals, they are time-consuming and some methods are very expensive as well. Many attempts have been made to find an alternative method for indirect measurement of microbial synthesis in intact animals. The present investigations aimed to assess possibilities of NIRS for prediction of purine nitrogen excretion and ruminal microbial nitrogen synthesis by NIR spectra of urine. Urine samples were collected from 12 growing sheep,6 of them male, and 6- female. The sheep were included in feeding experiment. The ration consisted of sorghum silage and protein supplements -70:30 on dry matter basis. The protein supplements were chosen to differ in protein degradability. The urine samples were collected daily in a vessel containing $60m{\ell}$ 10% sulphuric acid to reduce pH below 3 and diluted with tap water to 4 liters. Samples were stored in plastic bottles and frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$ until chemical and NIRS analysis. The urine samples were analyzed for purine derivates - allantoin, uric acid, xantine and hypoxantine content. Microbial nitrogen synthesis in the lumen was calculated according to Chen and Gomes, 1995. Transmittance urine spectra with sample thickness 1mm were obtained by NIR System 6500 spectrophotometer in the spectral range 1100-2500nm. The calibration was performed using ISI software and PLS regression, respectively. The following statistical results of NIRS calibration for prediction of purine derivatives and microbial protein synthesis were obtained.(Table Omitted). The result of estimation of purine nitrogen excretion and microbial protein synthesis by NIR spectra of urine showed accuracy, adequate for rapid evaluation of microbial protein synthesis for a large number of animals and different diets. The results indicate that the advantages of the NIRS technology can be extended into animal physiological studies. The fast and low cost NIRS analyses could be used with no significant loss of accuracy when microbial protein synthesis in the lumen and the microbial protein flow in the duodenum are to be assessed by NIRS.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.431-439
• /
• 2004

Scutellariae Radix (Scu.), one of the immune-regulatory substances, is recognized to play the role in the metabolic process of inflammation, allergy and immunity. It has been traditionally used in the Oriental medicine to treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water extracts of Scutellariae Radix on the spleen lymphocyte immune function in the Balb/c female mice treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis. Water extract of Scutellariae Radix (100 mg/kg) and sulfasalazine (50 mg/kg) were administrated orally for 2 weeks of experimental period. Mice were divided into three experimental groups randomly: DSS group (5％ DSS was ad libitum for 5 days) as control group, DSS ＋ Scu. (water extracts of Scutellariae Radix for 2 weeks after 5％ DSS was ad libitum for 5 days) as experimental group, and DSS ＋ Sulfasalazine group (Sulfasalazine for 2 weeks after 5％ DSS was ad libitum for 5 days) as positive control group. Levels of Ig A, Ig E, CD4$^{＋}$, CD8$^{＋}$, TNF-$\alpha$ and other cytokines were measured. Treatment of DSS for 5 days induced bowel inflammation and the treatment with Scu. water exteract and sulfasalazine significantly recovered the damage. The length of intestine of DSS group was significantly shorter than that of other groups. The serum and fecal concentration of Ig A of SS ＋ Scu group was higher than those of DSS group. The contents of CD4$^{＋}$ T cells was higher in the DSS ＋ Scu. group than the other groups and CD8$^{＋}$ T cells was the lowest in DSS ＋ Sulfasalazine group. The Ig A level of cultured supernatant of spleen lymphocyte was the highest, while the Ig E level was the lowest in SS ＋ Scu group. The concentration of TNF-$\alpha$, cytokine secreted from the Th1 cell in the supernatant spleen lymphocyte, was the highest in the DSS group and the lowest in the DSS ＋ Scu. group. The concentration of IFN-${\gamma}$ and ll...-12 was lower in the DSS ＋ Scu. group than those of the other groups. The concentration of IL-4 in the supernatant of spleen lymphocyte was the lowest in the DSS ＋ Scu. group but IL-10 was not significantly different. Based on these findings, water extract of Scutellariae Radix exhibited the inhibitory effect via IL-4 production thereby inhibited the production of Ig E and strengthened immune system, and alleviated injury in DSS- induced colitis mice model.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 1988

The purpose of this presentation is to review the situation of the Cheju broiler industry peculiarized with the integrated production and marketing system to some degree, which is not prevailed in the whole broiler industry in Korea, so as to study the case of the Cheju industry from the viewpoint of an economic integration. The economic integration in the broiler industry is grouped into three patterns： non-integration, quasi-integration and complete integration, which generally exist under the different type of market competition. The quasi-integration tends to be formed at all phases where the complete integration is not fully implemented, but the non-integration has begun to change its nature into partially integrated structure. The Cheju broiler industry is characterized by the geographical location of isolated market so that factor supplies and broiler products are marketed in the different conditions from those of mainland Korea, somewhat in an oligopolistic pattern. It was since early 1980's that the industry successfully had three dressing plants merged into one by virtue of entire growers ownership, which opened an era of an integrated industry centered on the function of dressing birds. The case of Cheju broiler industry today is to be referred to as a typical quasi-integration which is coordinated the function between growing and dressing birds directly and extended the functional cooperation to distribution of products indirectly, while factor supplies are traded independently. As a result of a quasi-integration, the growers are able to receive a fixed price set by the dressing plant of growers that has the power to adjust the supply of and demand for broilers produced and consumed in the Island. There are some problems, however, in the integration of the Cheju broiler industry, stemming mainly from the process of the structure change, ： 1) the difficulty of controlling the production of broilers, 2) continuing pressure on the integration by non-integrated sectors, 3) the challenge on the stabilized broiler market from the mainland, 4) limited effectiveness of consumer education activities, and 5) lack of leadership for the industry development through integration. It is projected that the partially integrated Cheju broiler industry will be continually developed toward the direction of a complete integration in due course, as the currently independent supply sectors are to be backward integrated. The case of the Cheju broiler integration, therefore, could be used as a reference for making the whole broiler industry in Korea develop toward the integrated structure in the future.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.150-158
• /
• 2007

As the amount of $CO_2$ emission in Korea is ranked 9th and the increasing rate of $CO_2$ emissions highest in the world, it is strongly necessary to devise methods to decrease the amount of $CO_2$ in each industry as the basis of establishing environmentally sustainable production system. This paper aims to identify the characteristics of $CO_2$ emissions from construction wastes throughout the simplified LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) and suggest the strategic guideline for the construction waste management plan to decrease $CO_2$. As a result of LCA on the case of a high-rise residential building project, total sum of $CO_2$ emission generated from construction wastes appeared as 6,818,123kg-$CO_2$ and $CO_2$ emission per unit floor area as 21.01kg-$CO_2/{\beta}{\ge}$. The principal waste materials generating more than 95% of $CO_2$ are materials such as reinforcing bar, temporary materials, cement, ready-mixed-concrete, concrete products, and tile, which have relatively high unit emission rate of $CO_2$ in the process of production. Besides, more than 92% of $CO_2$ was generated from the activities such as structure work, plaster work, temporary work, and tile and stone work, which are generally executed in the early phase of the whole construction period. Reflecting these results, the guideline for the construction waste management plan was recommended. If the waste management plan is established considering the guideline suggested, there would be high potential to decrease the amount of $CO_2$ generated from construction wastes.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
• /
• s.5
• /
• pp.241-280
• /
• 2007

This study examines the relationship of the industry-specific factors that effect innovation of manufacturing technology and the market share within the defense industry. Since the establishment of the basic defense industry framework in 1973, there were numerous interactions of the industry-specific factors of the defense industry structure with the technological innovation and market organization of the defense industry. During last three decades, the domestic defense industry has achieved the considerable level but the framework of the basic system has not developed much in areas of the military science and the defense manufacturing technology. Industry-specific factors were formed in the process and appeared in a variety of behavioral characteristics as subsystems. Currently, there IS a growing trend where the management of defense industry is gradually deteriorating due to limitation of the domestic industry-specific factor (e.g. defense technologies, amount of demand, etc.). If there is a prominent imbalance of the industry-specific factors. it can trigger the potential problem of conflict, lack of cooperation and control, slowing the growth of the manufacturing technology thereby diminishing the market and deteriorating the defense supply/demand relationship. In a research conducted by Joe S. Bain, Bain analyzed the relationship of the traditional industrial organization where industry-specific factor(S) not only impacts the conductor(C). And, conductor(C) influences the shaping of the performance(P) of relationship of the traditional industrial organization. Consequently, the researcher has identified the demand monopoly, barriers to entry, and market competition with comparison of defense industry issues. These defense issues were three industry-specific factors identified, which are 1) The demand monopoly and The entry barriers to new market competition, 2) the industrial technical factor to a production technical competitiveness and a market sharing competitiveness, 3) the probability factor to revolution for military affairs(RMA) and a R&D production. According to baseline with these factors, the following research model is established from the special companies group(Group A), the systematization companies group(Group B), and the general companies group(Group 0. The hypothesis is that if there are more industry-specific factors, then there will be more relationships of defense industry relation statutes. This research is an empirical study on the relationship that the industry specific factors effects the innovation of manufacturing technology and the shaping of the market in the defense industry. Moreover, the existing models to evaluate the industry specific factors of the defense industry IS much to be desired with the controlled statistical analysis of the result. It is vital to study on current situation with suggesting alternative strategy to the efficient strategy. The descriptive analysis approach analysis is conducted with SPSSWIN to conduct reliability test, factor analysis, correlation analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. However, there were some limitations of the survey such as the rigidity of concept about the technical factors and various market management factors. The wishes is that the decision-maker could be utilized these defence industrial factors to formulate efficient defence policy and strategy in the future.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2015

Purpose - The ICT market in the EU is lagging behind that of the US; however, algorithm and software development within the EU have grown steadily, and they involve focusing on the creative cultural convergence conceptualized as part of Horizon 2020 and connecting neighboring markets in the EE and the Mediterranean region. It is essential to study the requirements to market the EU's creative ICT development in emerging industrial countries after examining its applicability in these countries. Research design, data, and methodology - This study deals with data pertaining to the EU's creative industry and competitive edge. The global cultural expansion of the EU facilitates a new concept involving not only low-cost IT products to enhance local cultural artifacts through R&D and the construction of efficient infrastructure services, but also information exchange with a realistic commercialization of the technology that can be applied for creative cultural localization. In the European industry, research on algorithms has been applied for the benefit of consumers. We investigated how the process is conducted in the EU. Results - Europe needs to adjust its economic structure to the local culture as part of IT distribution convergence. The convergence has been converted into a production algorithm with IT in the form of low-cost production. This is because there is an attempt to improve the quality of transport infrastructure, workforce availability, and the distribution of the distance to the local industries and consumers, using IT algorithms. Integrated into the manufacturing industry, based on the ICT infrastructure and solutions, smart localized regional clusters are formed with the help of grafting. Europe has own strategy to increase the number of hub-and-spoke cities. Europe is now becoming integrated, with an EPC system for regional cooperation rather than national competition in ICT technology. Europe has also been recognized in this study as changing the step-by-step paradigm for global competitiveness through new creative culture industries. Conclusions - As a result, there are several ways of converging with others through EU R&D intensity; therefore, the EU can be seen as successfully increasing marginal value, which is useful in developing a special industrial cluster or local cultural cities that create converged development by connecting people and objects with IT. In fact, when compared to the US, Europe has a strong culture and the car industries have a tendency to overshadow the IT industries with integration of services in IT distribution. Considering the rapid environmental changes, the convergence of IT services is likely to take place in Europe, similar to the pharmaceutical industry and the automotive industry. This requires a focus on human resources and automated systems management. The trend is to move away from low-wage industries, switched to key personnel centers of the local university-industry. EU emphasizes the creation of IT market demand in Europe involving local cultural convergence for marketing as the second step to strengthen the economic hub-and-spoke areas.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.3 no.10
• /
• pp.383-392
• /
• 2014

The research for coatings is one of the most popular and active research in the polymer industry. For the coatings, electronics industry, medical and optical fields are growing more important. In particular, the trend is the increasing of the technical requirements for the performance and accuracy of the coatings by the development of automotive and electronic parts. In addition, the industry has a need of more intelligent and automated system in the industry is increasing by introduction of the IoT and big data analysis based on the environmental information and the context information. In this paper, we propose an optimization model for the design of experiments based coating formulation data objects using the Internet technologies and big data analytics. In this paper, the coating formulation was calculated based on the best data analysis is based on the experimental design, modify the operator with respect to the error caused based on the coating formulation used in the actual production site data and the corrected result data. Further optimization model to correct the reference value by leveraging big data analysis and Internet of things technology only existing coating formulation is applied as the reference data using a manufacturing environment and context information retrieval in color and quality, the most important factor in maintaining and was derived. Based on data obtained from an experiment and analysis is improving the accuracy of the combination data and making it possible to give a LOT shorter working hours per data. Also the data shortens the production time due to the reduction in the delivery time per treatment and It can contribute to cost reduction or the like defect rate reduced. Further, it is possible to obtain a standard data in the manufacturing process for the various models.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.70-83
• /
• 2011

The number of agricultural products due to open in response to international competitiveness of the farming press and the need for structural adjustment in agriculture and in agricultural crops receive a fair market price, fair trade, such as improving efficiency sidaejeo appropriate response to the request of the government must have. For this purpose, compared to the communist bojaphan agricultural water efficiently changing the structure of the distribution, agricultural products originating from the acquisition phase choice of shipping a stable product supply and plans to expand production system to induce a smooth supply of agricultural products, expand processing capacity and sales control should be. Also, in the distribution process by eliminating various immoral conduct commerce retail establishment and enforcement of policies for efficient and accurate distribution statistics, information is needed. The ultimate goal of agricultural restructuring and ensure fair price for producers sangpuui and improvement of production facilities for maximizing and affordable for consumers, according to your preferences to receive the best offer will be Foo. Therefore, management increases the efficiency of just distribution costs, or margins, lowering the improvement is not practical to restructure the distribution structure of costs for the best product and must supply the next country of agricultural products, strengthen the consumer's purchase desire to meet will be.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.75.1-75.1
• /
• 2010

Dye sensitized solar cells(DSSCs) have been extensively studied due to their various advantages such as low production cost, colorful design, and eco-friendly process. Long optical path length is one of the most effective method to improve light harvest efficiency for DSSCs. Multi-layered $TiO_2$ nano-structured film with scattering layer has been studied to generate scattering effect by many researchers. It was expected that the difference of refractive index between $TiO_2$ particles and glass frit would generate the light scattering effect and provide the long optical path length. Therefore, to enhance the scattering effect, the frits of $Bi_2O_3-B_2O_3$-ZnO glass system that has the different refractive index were added to $TiO_2$ pastes in this study. First of all, the absorbance and haze factor of $TiO_2$ electrode with dyes and the refractive index of glass frit and $TiO_2$ were measured, respectively. To study the effect of frits, the efficiencies of DSSCs added glass frit and without glass frit were compared. Our results showed slightly higher efficiency with the different absorbance and haze factor of $TiO_2$ and glass frit. It was considered that the light scattering effect would be improved with adding frits to $TiO_2$ paste. Our preliminary studies will be useful for increasing efficiency of DSSCs.