• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.5-24
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop a parenting intervention program and determine the efficacy of the program with low-birth weight infants and their mothers. Nine dyads for the experimental group and twelve dyads for the control group discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital in Seoul were recruited for the study. For the intervention group, programmed education and support which focused on the maternal sensitivity of the infant's behavior. rearing environment. motherinfant interaction and infant care were given to each subject. Individual counseling and home visits were provided at discharge, one week after discharge. and one and three months of corrected age in every infant. Structured questionaires were administered and feeding interactions were videotaped and coded by a blinded certified observer. A Quasi-experimental design was conducted for this study. Postpartum depression, maternal self esteem. infant care burden, HOME. mother-infant interaction, and infant development were measured. Results were in favor of the intervention versus the control group. On the Beck depression inventory, intervention mothers showed decreasing trends in depressive symptom vs control mothers although, there were statistically no significant differences between the two groups at each time. The mean score of experimental group was 11.55(mild depression state) at discharge and became 8,6(normal state) at 1 month of corrected age. On the other hand, the mean score of the control group was 13.92(mild depression state) at discharge and became 14.0. Maternal self esteem in both groups improved over time. Infant care burden in both groups was also shown to increase over time. There was a significant difference between the two groups in HOME(p=.0340) at 3 months of corrected age. HOME scores of the experimental group and the control's were 31.10 and 25.58, respectively. Mothers' emotional and language responses were significantly high in the intervention group compared with the control group(p=.0155). Intervention group (53.33) showed a significantly high quality of motherinfant interaction compared with the in control group (42.80)(p =.0340). Intervention group mothers appeared have a better quality of mother-infant interaction behaviors. On the other hand, there was no statistical difference in the infant part between groups. Intervention group infants had higher trends in a general developmental quotient: although, there was no statistical difference between groups. The general developmental quotient of intervention infants was 102.56 and control's was 91.28. However, the developmental quotient of the domain of 'individuality-sociality' was higher in the intervention group infants compared with the control's(p=.0155). The concerns identified by parents revealed two domains of an infants' health management -knowledge and skills in caregiving of lowbirthweight-infants, characteristics of lowbirthweight infants, identifying a developmental milestone, coping with emergency situations and relaxation strategies of mothers from the infant care burden. Interview data with the mothers of low-birth weight infants can be used to develop intervention program contents. Limited intervention time and frequency due to time and cost limitations of this study should be modified. The intervention should be continuously implemented when low-birth weight infants become three years old. An NNNS demonstration appeared to be a very effective intervention for the mothers to improve the quality of mother-infant interactions. Therefore intervening in the mothers of low-birth weight infants as early after delivery as possible is desirable. This study has shown that home visit interventions are worthwhile for mothers only beyond the approach as an essential factor in ability of facilitating a growth fostering environment. In conclusion. the intervention program of this study was very effective in enhancing the parenting for the mothers of low-birth weight infants, resulting in health promotion of low-birth weight infants. The home-visit outreach intervention program of this study will contribute to the health delivery system in this country where there is a lack of continuous follow-up programs for low-birth weight infants after discharge from NICU, if it is activated as part of the home visit programs in community health systems.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.97-121
• /
• 2013

With the growing importance of knowledge for sustainable competitive advantages and innovation in a volatile environment, many researches on knowledge sharing have been conducted. However, previous researches have mostly relied on the questionnaire survey which has inherent perceptive errors of respondents. The current research has drawn the relationship among primary participant behaviors towards the participation level in knowledge sharing, basically from online user behaviors on Wikipedia, a representative community for online knowledge collaboration. Without users' participation in knowledge sharing, knowledge collaboration for creating knowledge cannot be successful. By the way, the editing patterns of Wikipedia users are diverse, resulting in different revisiting periods for the same number of edits, and thus varying results of shared knowledge. Therefore, we illuminated the participation level of knowledge sharing from two different angles of number of edits and revisiting period. The behavioral dimensions affecting the level of participation in knowledge sharing includes the article talk for public discussion and user talk for private messaging, and community registration, which are observable on Wiki platform. Public discussion is being progressed on article talk pages arranged for exchanging ideas about each article topic. An article talk page is often divided into several sections which mainly address specific type of issues raised during the article development procedure. From the diverse opinions about the relatively trivial things such as what text, link, or images should be added or removed and how they should be restructured to the profound professional insights are shared, negotiated, and improved over the course of discussion. Wikipedia also provides personal user talk pages as a private messaging tool. On these pages, diverse personal messages such as casual greetings, stories about activities on Wikipedia, and ordinary affairs of life are exchanged. If anyone wants to communicate with another person, he or she visits the person's user talk page and leaves a message. Wikipedia articles are assessed according to seven quality grades, of which the featured article level is the highest. The dataset includes participants' behavioral data related with 2,978 articles, which have reached the featured article level, with editing histories of articles, their article talk histories, and user talk histories extracted from user talk pages for each article. The time period for analysis is from the initiation of articles until their promotion to the featured article level. The number of edits represents the total number of participation in the editing of an article, and the revisiting period is the time difference between the first and last edits. At first, the participation levels of each user category classified according to behavioral dimensions have been analyzed and compared. And then, robust regressions have been conducted on the relationships among independent variables reflecting the degree of behavioral characteristics and the dependent variable representing the participation level. Especially, through adopting a motivational theory adequate for online environment in setting up research hypotheses, this work suggests a theoretical framework for the participation level of online knowledge sharing. Consequently, this work reached the following practical behavioral results besides some theoretical implications. First, both public discussion and private messaging positively affect the participation level in knowledge sharing. Second, public discussion exerts greater influence than private messaging on the participation level. Third, a synergy effect of public discussion and private messaging on the number of edits was found, whereas a pretty weak negative interaction effect of them on the revisiting period was observed. Fourth, community registration has a significant impact on the revisiting period, whereas being insignificant on the number of edits. Fifth, when it comes to the relation generated from private messaging, the frequency or depth of relation is shown to be more critical than the scope of relation for the participation level.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.45-67
• /
• 2016

Given the recent development of smart devices, users are producing, sharing, and acquiring a variety of information via the Internet and social network services (SNSs). Because users tend to use multiple media simultaneously according to their goals and preferences, domestic SNS users use around 2.09 media concurrently on average. Since the information provided by such media is usually textually represented, recent studies have been actively conducting textual analysis in order to understand users more deeply. Earlier studies using textual analysis focused on analyzing a document's contents without substantive consideration of the diverse characteristics of the source medium. However, current studies argue that analytical and interpretive approaches should be applied differently according to the characteristics of a document's source. Documents can be classified into the following types: informative documents for delivering information, expressive documents for expressing emotions and aesthetics, operational documents for inducing the recipient's behavior, and audiovisual media documents for supplementing the above three functions through images and music. Further, documents can be classified according to their contents, which comprise facts, concepts, procedures, principles, rules, stories, opinions, and descriptions. Documents have unique characteristics according to the source media by which they are distributed. In terms of newspapers, only highly trained people tend to write articles for public dissemination. In contrast, with SNSs, various types of users can freely write any message and such messages are distributed in an unpredictable way. Again, in the case of newspapers, each article exists independently and does not tend to have any relation to other articles. However, messages (original tweets) on Twitter, for example, are highly organized and regularly duplicated and repeated through replies and retweets. There have been many studies focusing on the different characteristics between newspapers and SNSs. However, it is difficult to find a study that focuses on the difference between the two media from the perspective of supply and demand. We can regard the articles of newspapers as a kind of information supply, whereas messages on various SNSs represent a demand for information. By investigating traditional newspapers and SNSs from the perspective of supply and demand of information, we can explore and explain the information dilemma more clearly. For example, there may be superfluous issues that are heavily reported in newspaper articles despite the fact that users seldom have much interest in these issues. Such overproduced information is not only a waste of media resources but also makes it difficult to find valuable, in-demand information. Further, some issues that are covered by only a few newspapers may be of high interest to SNS users. To alleviate the deleterious effects of information asymmetries, it is necessary to analyze the supply and demand of each information source and, accordingly, provide information flexibly. Such an approach would allow the value of information to be explored and approximated on the basis of the supply-demand balance. Conceptually, this is very similar to the price of goods or services being determined by the supply-demand relationship. Adopting this concept, media companies could focus on the production of highly in-demand issues that are in short supply. In this study, we selected Internet news sites and Twitter as representative media for investigating information supply and demand, respectively. We present the notion of News Value Index (NVI), which evaluates the value of news information in terms of the magnitude of Twitter messages associated with it. In addition, we visualize the change of information value over time using the NVI. We conducted an analysis using 387,014 news articles and 31,674,795 Twitter messages. The analysis results revealed interesting patterns: most issues show lower NVI than average of the whole issue, whereas a few issues show steadily higher NVI than the average.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.98-106
• /
• 2010

This study focuses on the appropriate planting soil for Vitex rotundifolia by planting soil. Different soil depth levels were achieved at 15cm and 25cm in the green roof module system that was created with woody materials for a $500{\times}500{\times}300mm$ area. The soil mixture ratio was $S_{10}$, $L_{10}$, $S_7L_3$, $S_5L_5$, $P_7P_1L_2$, $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$. This study was carried out over five months between April and September, 2006. The amount of soil moisture tends to decrease according to the planting soil. For the experimental items $S_{10}$, $S_7L_3$ and $S_5L_5$, the amount of soil moisture tends to decrease rapidly. However, for the experimental items $P_7P_1L_2$, $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$, conditions containing perlite and peat moss, the amount of moisture tends to decrease more gradually. As a result, the use of soil-improving amending for the afforestation planting of roofs with a low level of management is need. After experimenting with the ratio of soil mixture for Vitex rotundifolia, the planting soil for experimental item $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$ appeared excellent. For experimental item $S_{10}$, the growth of Vitex rotundifolia seemed to be weaker than that of others, because of the low levels of moisture and organic matter in the soil. For experimental item $L_{10}$, there appeared to be a low level of growth, even when the levels of moisture and organic matter were high. This may have occurred because of the low level of soil pH and the excessive amount of exchangeable cation. At the depth of 25cm, the growth of Vitex rotundifolia is vigorous overall. For experimental item at 15cm, Vitex rotundifolia was able to survive for 14 days without any rainfall and Vitex rotundifolia was better in amended soil, $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$, than natural soil, SL.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.379-389
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to assess the microbiological quality of raw and cooked foods served in the elementary school food service. Raw and cooked food samples were collected from 11 selected elementary schools in both June to July and September to October of 2005. Petrifilm plates were used to determine (in duplicate) total aerobic colony counts (PAC), Enterobacteriaceae (PE), coliform counts (PCC), and E. coli counts (PEC). Heavy contamination of Enterobacteriaceae (from 0.08 to 7.40 log CFU/g) and total coliform (0.50 to 6.52 log CFU/g) were observed in raw materials and cooked foods. Escherichia coli (E. coli) were detected in the sample of currant tomato (3.70 log CFU/g), sesame leaf (3.59 log CFU/g), dropwort (0.20 log CFU/g), crown daisy (3.15 log CFU/g), parsley (3.00 log CFU/g), peeled green onion (1.74 log CFU/g), frozen pork (0.65 log CFU/g), frozen beef (0.20 or 1.50 log CFU/g), chicken (1.78 log CFU/g), and young radish leaf seasoned with soybean paste (1.24 log CFU/g). Multiplex PCR system was used to determine the food-borne pathogens: Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), E. coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), Shigella spp., B. cereus was detected in 19 samples of raw materials and 8 samples of cooked foods. With regard to quantitative analysis, B. cereus counts exceeded 5.46, 3.48 and 1.79 log CFU/g in sesame leaf, peeled green onion and seasoned mungbean jelly, respectively. E. coli O157:H7 was detected on 2 samples of frozen beefs, and its biochemical characteristics of one beef sample was confirmed with API 20E kit (93.7%). L. monocytogenes was detected in fried rice paper dumpling, but the presumptive colonies were not detected onto the conventional plate. C. jejuni was detected in peeled & washed onion.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.243-256
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this paper is aimed at identifying the planting condition of greenbelt axis covering forests located at Sinhyeon-eup, Geoje-si and also establishing improvement plans for the ecological organization. The study was executed with buffer green space designed to mitigate noise, which is located at a halfway point linking Mt. Yukkyo(altitude of 50m) and Mt. Jungmae(altitude of 131m). The number of the biotope patterns was classified into 17 in total: the two are urbanized districts such as a townified district and streets and another 15 are greenbelts and open space such as forest biotope, inland water biotope, and landscaping tree plantations biotope. According to the analysis of biotope types, it was estimated that the making use of already established buffer greens as a linking medium with a foothold of Mt. Yukkyo and Jungmae, whose natural eco-system is well suited for habitation of living organism, is the one and only way to the influx of living organism into the downtown area. The green coverage rate of the base green area, sub-base green area and linkage green area was 160.29%, 128.37% and 44.37% respectively; the green capacity coefficient(i.e. GVZ[$Gr{\ddot{u}}nvolumezahl$]) for base green area, sub-base green area and linkage green area was $4.04m^3/m^2,\;3.95m^3/m^2\;and\;0.65m^3/m^2$ respectively. The base green area has constituted multi-layered vegetation structure and thus played a role as habitats for living organism and supply centre of species, whereas the sub-base green area has destroyed lower layer vegetation, and the linkage green area was in bad shape due to the lack of planting volume and damage of the shrub layer. Accordingly, this research paper intended to suggest detailed implementation plans for the improvement in landscape for city dwellers' use and relaxation; in other words, this paper focused on ecological build-up for the Influx of wild birds into the downtown area for the promotion of bio-diversity of species through the linkage of base green areas and the fostering of nature observing trails for citizens as well as the connecting of green areas through the build-up of roadside greens to make these green areas to be efficiently used as corridors for the influx of wild birds and bio-organism habitation and for citizens' using space.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.171-182
• /
• 2018

We performed the seismic field data processing using an open-source software (Madagascar) to verify if it is applicable to processing of field data, which has low signal-to-noise ratio and high uncertainties in velocities. The Madagascar, based on Python, is usually supposed to be better in the development of processing technologies due to its capabilities of multidimensional data analysis and reproducibility. However, this open-source software has not been widely used so far for field data processing because of complicated interfaces and data structure system. To verify the effectiveness of the Madagascar software on field data, we applied it to a typical seismic data processing flow including data loading, geometry build-up, F-K filter, predictive deconvolution, velocity analysis, normal moveout correction, stack, and migration. The field data for the test were acquired in Gunsan Basin, Yellow Sea using a streamer consisting of 480 channels and 4 arrays of air-guns. The results at all processing step are compared with those processed with Landmark's ProMAX (SeisSpace R5000) which is a commercial processing software. Madagascar shows relatively high efficiencies in data IO and management as well as reproducibility. Additionally, it shows quick and exact calculations in some automated procedures such as stacking velocity analysis. There were no remarkable differences in the results after applying the signal enhancement flows of both software. For the deeper part of the substructure image, however, the commercial software shows better results than the open-source software. This is simply because the commercial software has various flows for de-multiple and provides interactive processing environments for delicate processing works compared to Madagascar. Considering that many researchers around the world are developing various data processing algorithms for Madagascar, we can expect that the open-source software such as Madagascar can be widely used for commercial-level processing with the strength of expandability, cost effectiveness and reproducibility.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.90-101
• /
• 2000

The study attempts to examine the degree of cognition and demand on health promotion center of oriental nursing. It puts unique nursing intervention using traditional health promotion connected with oriental medicine to practical use for residents' health promotion and prevention of disease. With the study design of cross-sectional descriptive study, 516 residents who live in 26 Dongs, Dongdaemoon-gu were selected. The tool of study consists of 30 questions which the study team made for the degree of cognition and demand on health promotion center of oriental nursing. Cronbach's $\alpha$ in the degree of cognition was .8028. Collection of research data had been done from October 1 to October 30, 1999 with help of Dongdaemoon-gu office after pretest from 20 residents. Collected data were analyzed into the number and percentage in the characteristic of a subject and connected with demand on the establishment of center, the mean and the standard deviation in the degree of cognition and F-tests in the difference of the degree of cognition by characteristics. The results were as follow; 1) The characteristic of subject of this study was male 50.6%, and average age was 38.5 years old and 30-39 years old occupied the highest percentage with 31.6%. The married were 71.8%, over high school graduates was 85.6%, monthly income from 500 thousand won to 2 million won was 86.1%. 50.8% was the type living with parents, children and sibling. 2) When they were sick, the institution which residents used at first was a pharmacy(69.2%) and hospital(27.5%), but oriental medicine hospital was just 1.4%. As for subjective health condition, 82.5% answered over average, and 28.7% answered that they had chronic illness such as arthritis, chronic digestion problem, hypertension and so on. As for information collection on health, mass communication(34.9%) and medically concerned people(28.1%) occupied relatively high rate. Free health diagnosis system(36.8%) and establishment of health promotion center(31.5%) among welfare programs that residents want to enjoy were high ranked. The rate using a special institution for health was 17.8%, and among these institutions, the rate using aerobic exercises, health center(7.0%) and steamed room(5.4%) was high. Besides, other institutions such as breathing at the abdomen, finger-pressure therapy, meridian massage, foot massage, and so on were being used. 3) As the average of the degree of cognition on health promotion center of oriental medicine was 2.92, the degree of cognition was medium. The description, "health promotion center of oriental medicine is necessary for health keeping of healthy people, including people who have a problem in health" showed the highest degree of cognition(3.04, ${\pm}0.64$). 4) As for the intention on using health promotion center of oriental nursing, 61.4% said "yes", "no" was just 1.4%. The services that people relatively high wanted to be served from the center were measures reducing stress(68.0%) (relaxation therapy, meditation, breathing at the abdomen and so on), acupuncture(66.5%), finger-pressure(61.6%), moxibustion(57.6%), meridian massage(44.2%), postpartum care(40.3%) and so on. 5) As for the degree of cognition on the establishment of health promotion center of oriental nursing by characteristics of subject, there was significant difference(F=4.03, p=.046) between male(3.01) and female(2.91). But there was no significant difference by age, marital status, level of educational achievement and monthly income. As the above result, cognition on the establishment of health promotion center of oriental nursing was relatively low because people were not familiar with about the health promotion center of oriental nursing yet. However once the center will be established, the degree of demand on the center will be relatively high. So positive advertisement will be necessary, and the management of useful programs will be also required in order to make people recognize the advantage when they actually will use the center. On the other hand, as the subject of the study consists of many young people of below 30, the health problem came to be low. And in the case of sampling, the study using random sampling that can represent population will be required.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.375-380
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to help improve oral health care planning for the elderly in an effort to promote the oral health of elderly people in preparation for aging society. The subjects in this study were 200 elderly people who were selected by random sampling from senior centers in Seoul. An interview was conducted to gather data from June to September 2008, and the data collected were analyzed.: 1. The mean number of residual tooth was 13.71. 2. Concerning connections between gender and subjective oral symptoms, gender had a statistically significant relationship to temporomandibular joint dysfunction(p=0.000), dry mouth(p=0.001) and halitosis(p=0.006). The men underwent more oral symptoms than the women. 3. As for the relationship of mastication(p=0.000), oral pain(p=0.010), temporomandibular joint dysfunction(p=0.010) and dry mouth(p=0.001) to subjective oral health state, the elderly people who were not in a good oral health suffered more oral symptoms, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant. 4. A larger number of tooth led to less mastication difficulties, less dry mouth and more gingival diseases, and the relationship between the factors was statistically significant. A better oral health state led to less mastication difficulties, less oral pain, less dry mouth and less bad breath, and the relationship between the factors was statistically significant. Through this study the oral health the elderly people perceive wss concerned with oral symptom, and the number of residual teeth also had links to subjective oral symptoms. Therefore, to maintain original teeth of the elderly people, the management system of oral health and the education program for oral health in order to prevent disease relateded with oral and enhance the perception standard of oral state are indispensably necessary to the elderly people.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 1993

As guides to decision-making in the management of the victims in case of acute whole body or partial body radiation exposure, we studied the relationship between radiation dose and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations observed in peripheral lymphocytes that were irradiated in vitro with $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}-rays$ at doses ranging from 2Gy to 12Gy. The yields of cells with unstable chromosomal aberrations (dicentric chromosomes, ring chromosomes, and acentric fragment pairs) were 32% at 2Gy, 47% at 4Gy, 80% at 6Gy, 94% at 8Gy, and 100% at 10Gy and over. Ydr, which reflect average dose to the whole body in case of acute whole body exposure, were 1.373 at 2Gy, 0.669 at 4Gy, 1.734 at 6Gy, 2.773 at 8Gy, 3.746 at 10Gy and 5.454 at 12Gy. The relationship between radiation dose (D) and the frequency of dicentric plus ring chromosomes per cell(Ydr) could be expressed as $Ydr=9.322{\times}10^{-2}/Gy {\times}D+2.975{\times}10^{-2}/Gy^2{\times}D^2$. Qdr, which are used in estimating dose of partial body exposure and dose of past exposure, were 1.166 at 2Gy, 1.436 at 4Gy, 2.173 at 6Gy, 2.945 at 8Gy, 3.746 at 10Gy and 5.454 at 12Gy. To see how confidently this dosimetry system may be used, we obtained Qdr values from those who received one fraction of homogenous partial body irradiation of 1.BGy, 2.5Gy, and 7.OGy therapeutically; in vivo Qdr values were 1.109, 1.222 and 2.222 respectively. The estimated doses calculated from these in vivo Qdr values using the equation $Qdr=Ydr/(1- e^{-Ydr})$ were 1.52Gy, 2.48Gy, and 6.54Gy respectively, which were very close to the doses actually given.