• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.119-124
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• 1982

As a basic study to elucidate nutritional physiology and composition of synthetic medium of red rotting bacteria, Erwinia carotovora, of ginseng, the effects of hydrogen ion concentration, various kinds of carbon sources, nitrogen source, micrometallic salts and it's concentration on the gorwth of the bacteria were investigated and the results were as follows. Optimal pH in the basal medium for the growth of the bacteria was 6.5. After incubation the pH in culture media was neutralized. Among the various kinds of carbon sources, sucrose, glucose mannitol, but organic acids were not utilized effectively as nutrients. After incubation the pH turned acidic. Alanine as organic nitrogen sources nad ammonium sulfate as inorganic nitrogen promoted the growth, but L-valine and sodium nitrite were the least effective. Ferric chloride 1.0mg/dl and ferrous sulfate 100mg/dl were the most effective as micrometallic sources. Control and boric acid were the least effective. New synthetic medium based on the above results was follows ; Alanine 1.0g, $KH_2PO_4\;1.0g, \;sucrose\;30.0g, \;MgSo_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;0.5g, \;FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O\;1.0mg\;thiamine\;200{\gamma}g$, and distilled water 1000ml, pH6.5.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.500-508
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• 1999

Several white-rot fungi collected from the mountains of Korea were evaluated for their ability to decolorize azo, polymeric, and reactive dyes. Strains CJ-105, CJ-212 and CJ-315, identified as Trametes sp., Pleurotus sp. and Fomes sp., respectively, showed higher potential for decolorization of those dyes in either solid or liquid media. For Trametes sp. CJ-105, 100ppm of Remazol Brilliant blue R and 500ppm of Acid Red 264 were completely decolorized after 2 days under liquid culture. The dominating ligninolytic enzyme existing in the culture broth was laccase (E.C. 1.10.3.2). Also, Pleurotus sp. CJ-212 and Fomes sp. CJ-315 showed similar patterns in decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Acid Red 264. The extent of decolorization of the dyes in liquid culture was found to be proportional to the activities of the ligninolytic of decolorization of the dyes in liquid culture was found to be proportional to the activities of the ligninolytic enzymes produced by each strain. In addition to that Trametes sp. CJ-105 was highly effective in degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pentachlorophenol by the activity of the ligninolytic enzymes produced. In this study, we found that white-rot fungi, Trametes sp. CJ-105(KFCC 10941), Pleurotus sp. CJ-212(KFCC 10943) and Fomes sp. CJ-315(KFCC 10942), were effective in decolorizing a wide range of structurally different synthetic dyes, as well as some chemical compounds which are known to be hardly degradable.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.521-529
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• 2007

Nutrient removal from synthetic wastewater was investigated using a MLE (Modified-Ludzack Ettinger) type MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor), with different phenol ($C_6H_5OH$) concentrations, in order to determine the inhibition effects of phenol on biological nutrient removal and the biodegradation of phenolic wastewater. The wastewater was prepared by mixing a solution of molasses with known amounts of phenol and nutrients. The experiments were conducted in a lab-scale MLE type MBBR, operated with four different phenol concentrations (0, 67, 100 and 168mg/L) in the synthetic feed. Throughout the experiments, the ratio of the phenolic COD concentration to the total COD was varied from 0 to 1. Throughout batch test, the SNR (Specific Nitrification Rate) and SDNR (Specific Denitrification Rate) were significantly influenced by changes of the phenol concentration. Phenol was inhibitory to the nitrification/denitrification process, and showed greater inhibition with higher initial phenol concentrations. The SNR observed with 0, 67, 100 and 168mg phenol/L were very different like 10.12, 6.95, 1.51 and $0.35mg\;NH_{3^-}N/gMLVSS$ hr, respectively. Similarly, the SDNR observed at 0, 67, 100 and 168mg phenol/L were different like 0.322, 0.143, 0.049and 0.006mgN/gMLVSS day, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.189-199
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• 2004

This study analyed the results of the survey on the actual condition and the attitude in using laundry detergents of housewives in Jeonbuk region centering around Jeonju\ulcornerGunsan. The purpose of this study is to give more reasonable and scientific clothing management and to help to solve the problems of the environmental pollution caused by laundry detergents. Both Jeonju(71.4％) and Gunsan(71.0%) got informations about environmental pollution through mass media like TV and Radio. As for the degree of recognition of regenerated soap, comparing with the synthetic detergent, most people thought that the regenerated soap had better detergency, less water pollution, and less harm to the human being than the synthetic detergent. Accordingly, it showed they misconceived it. It showed that the aged consumers in Jeonju and Gunsan had all good attitudes for the practice. As roles of consumers toward the problems of environmental pollution, the respondents who thought that the consumers roles were important took high percentage(Jeonju 86.8% and Gunsan 84.5%). In conclusion, they showed high degree of concerns in the recognition of necessity about the proper use of detergent, however, low in their attitudes in real life applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1998.06b
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• pp.165-170
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• 1998

This paper presents a new prediction method RBP region-based prediction model where the context used for prediction contains regions instead of individual pixels. There is a meaningful property that RBP can partition a cartoon image into two distinctive types of regions, one containing full-color backgrounds and the other containing boundaries, edges and home-chromatic areas. With the development of computer techniques, synthetic images created with CG (computer graphics) becomes attactive. Like the demand on data compression, it is imperative to efficiently compress synthetic images such as cartoon animation generated with CG for storage of finite capacity and transmission of narrow bandwidth. This paper a lossy compression method to full-color regions and a lossless compression method to homo-chromatic and boundaries regions. Two criteria for partitioning are described, constant criterion and variable criterion. The latter criterion, in form of a linear function, gives the different threshold for classification in terms of contents of the image of interest. We carry out experiments by applying our method to a sequence of cartoon animation. We carry out experiments by applying our method to a sequence of cartoon animation. Compared with the available image compression standard MPEG-1, our method gives the superior results in both compression ratio and complexity.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2014

The effects of reactant composition on the particle size distribution, synthetic yield, and density of Phenol-formaldehyde bead were examined in the synthesis of resol-type phenolic resin. Decrease of the content of DI water as dispersion media can increase the viscosity of suspension, which may cause the difference of particle size distribution and aggregation. The average particle size of synthesized beads was also decreased with the increasing content of stabilizer which can affect the interfacial area. The amount of crosslinking agent showed no effect on the size distribution and synthetic yield, but it made a decrease in the density of synthesized bead due to the macropore in the bead.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1975

As a basic study to elucidate nutritional physiology and composition of synthetic medium of red rotting bacteria, Erwinia carotovora, of ginseng, the effects of hydrogen ion concentration, various kinds of carbon sources, nitrogen source, micrometallic salts and it's concentration on the gorwth of the bacteria were investigated and the results were as follows. Optimal pH in the basal medium for the growth of the bacteria was 6.5. After incubation the pH in culture media was neutralized. Among the various kinds of carbon sources, sucrose, glucose mannitol, but organic acids were not utilized effectively as nutrients. After incubation the pH turned acidic. Alanine as organic nitrogen sources nad ammonium sulfate as inorganic nitrogen promoted the growth, but L-valine and sodium nitrite were the least effective. Ferric chloride 1.0mg/dl and ferrous sulfate 100mg/dl were the most effective as micrometallic sources. Control and boric acid were the least effective. New synthetic medium based on the above results was follows ; Alanine 1.0g, $KH_2PO_4$ 1.0g, sucrose 30.0g, $MgSo_4$ $7H_2$O 0.5g, $FeCl_36H_2$O 1.0mg thiamine 200.gamma.g, and distilled water 1000ml, pH6.5.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.768-778
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• 2011

Calixpyrroles and related macrocycles are non-planer synthetic anion receptors that have attracted considerable attentions in recent years. Although the synthesis of calix[4]pyrrole (known as meso-octamethylporphyrinogen) was reported more than 100 years ago, the anion binding properties were first discovered in 1996. The simple calix[4]pyrroles can be synthesized in single step in high yield by condensation of pyrrole with acetone. The compounds showed preferential binding for halide anions including fluoride, phosphate, carboxylate, and chloride in organic media. Efforts to improve the anion affinity of calix[4]pyrrole and to enhance its selectivity have led to the synthesis of a variety of new calixpyrrole derivatives. Among the various modifications, introduction of straps on one side of the calix[4]pyrroles are the most effective. Incorporation of aromatic rings other than pyrroles also exhibited interesting binding behaviour. Introduction of signalling units as part of the strapping element enable to detect the anions on chromogenic or fluorogenic fashion. Finding of the anion transport properties across the membrane and cytotoxic effects of the calix[4]pyrroles open new window for calixpyrrole-related research. The polymer-incorporated systems have also been employed as anion complexants in solvent-solvent extraction. These old, yet easy-to-make macrocycles have well advanced more recently with the discovery of the ion-pair complexation properties. In this review, the synthetic developments and anion binding properties of calixpyrroles for the last decades will be discussed and will cover the advances in calixpyrrole chemistry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.133-140
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose a method of image-based three-dimensional modeling for realistic facial expression. In the proposed method, real human facial images are used to deform a generic three-dimensional mesh model and the deformed model is animated to generate facial expression animation. First, we take several pictures of the same person from several view angles. Then we project a three-dimensional face model onto the plane of each facial image and match the projected model with each image. The results are combined to generate a deformed three-dimensional model. We use the feature-based image metamorphosis to match the projected models with images. We then create a synthetic image from the two-dimensional images of a specific person's face. This synthetic image is texture-mapped to the cylindrical projection of the three-dimensional model. We also propose a muscle-based animation technique to generate realistic facial expression animations. This method facilitates the control of the animation. lastly, we show the animation results of the six represenative facial expressions.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.417-424
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• 2019

Melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri, is one of severe diseases in citrus, a major economic resource in Jeju island. To reduce the usage amount of organic synthetic fungicide, bio-sulfur was tested as an alternative chemical to control citrus melanose in the present study. Direct antifungal activity of bio-sulfur against D. citri was determined through in vitro experiment using artificial nutrient media. Disease severity of melanose on bio-sulfur pretreated citrus leaves was lower than that on untreated ones. To illustrate the mechanism of disease suppression by bio-sulfur, infection structures were observed with a fluorescent microscope and a scanning electron microscope. In fluorescent microscopic observation, most conidia rarely germinated. In addition, hyphal growth on leaves pretreated with bio-sulfur was inhibited compared to that on untreated ones. In scanning electron microscope images of bio-sulfur pretreated leaves, surfaces of most conidia were shrunk while hyphae were morphologically changed and frequently branched. Such microscopic observations were also found for leaves pretreated with a commercial fungicide Dithianon. These results suggest that bio-sulfur may be used to control citrus melanose as an environment friendly alternative to organic synthetic fungicides