• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.453-457
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• 2010

화학비료, 가축분뇨 및 퇴비 등 주요 질소원의 질소동위원소비 (${\delta}^{15}N$) 차이를 조사하기 위해 각각 8, 4, 37점의 시료를 채취하여 ${\delta}^{15}N$을 분석하였다. 평균 ${\delta}^{15}N$ 값은 화학비료가 $-1.5{\pm}0.5$‰ (범위: -3.9~+0.5‰‰), 가축분뇨가 $+6.3{\pm}0.4$‰ (+5.3~+7.2‰), 가축분퇴비가 $+16.0{\pm}0.4$‰ (+9.3~+20.9‰)였다. 화학비료가 타 질소원에 비해 ${\delta}^{15}N$ 값이 낮은 것은 화학비료 제조시 이용하는 질소원인 대기 $N_2$의 ${\delta}^{15}N$ 값 (0‰)을 반영하기 때문이다. 반면, 가축분에 비해 퇴비의 ${\delta}^{15}N$ 값이 높은 것은 퇴비화 과정 중 일어나는 질소손실 (특히, 암모니아 휘산)과 관련된 질소동위원소분할효과 ($^{14}N$의 손실속도>$^{15}N$의 손실속도)에 의한 퇴비 중 $^{15}N$ 농축에 의한 결과로 판단된다. 따라서, 본 연구는 ${\delta}^{15}N$ 분석을 통해 현재 우리나라 농업 시스템에서 가장 널리 이용되고 있는 두 가지 질소원 (화학비료와 퇴비)을 구분할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2013

Radar remote sensing is appropriate for monitoring rice because the areas where this crop is cultivated are often cloudy and rainy. Especially, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can acquire remote sensing information with a high temporal resolution in tropical and subtropical regions due to its all-weather capability. This paper analyzes the relationships between backscattering coefficients of rice measured by RADARSAT-2 SAR and growth parameters during a rice growth period. We examined the temporal variations of backscattering coefficients with full polarization. Backscattering coefficients for all polarizations increased until Day Of Year (DOY 222) and then decreased along with Leaf Area Index (LAI), fresh weight, and Vegetation Water Content (VWC). Vertical transmit and Vertical receive polarization (VV)-polarization backscattering coefficients were higher than Horizontal transmit and Horizontal receive polarization (HH)-polarization backscattering coefficients in early rice growth stage and HH-polarization backscattering coefficients were higher than VV-polarization backscattering coefficients after effective tillering stage (DOY 186). Correlation analysis between backscattering coefficients and rice growth parameters revealed that HH-polarization was highly correlated with LAI, fresh weight, and VWC. Based on the observed relationships between backscattering coefficients and variables of cultivation, prediction equations were developed using the HH-polarization backscattering coefficients.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제50권
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• pp.239-247
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in enhancing plant performance and bioactive compound concentrations in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). This factorial pot experiment included nine replications over 120 days of cultivation. Three AMF species (Rhizophagus prolifer, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and Acaulospora mellea) were utilized as inoculum, while non-mycorrhizal controls with or without synthetic NPK fertilizer were compared. Interestingly, C. etunicatum KS-02 inoculations effectuated the best fruit growth and weight, which were statistically higher than those of the control without AMF. However, only fruit fresh weight was higher in plants inoculated with C. etunicatum KS-02 than those treated with the synthetic NPK fertilizer. In addition, C. etunicatum KS-02 inoculations induced a ≥ 11% increase in DDPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) activity, lycopene content, and carotenoid content compared to the control. This study is the first to report Claroideoglomus species' effectiveness in promoting growth, fruit yield, and bioactive compound production in L. esculentum Mill. These findings substantiate the significant potential of C. etunicatum KS-02 for tomato cultivation without the adverse effects of excessive synthetic fertilizer use.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2016

With the population growth and industrialization, the characteristics of discharged waste water and sewage have become more diverse. The removal of phosphorus (P) in the wastewater is essential for the prevention of eutrophication in the river and stream. This study was performed in order to estimate the field application of the Bacillus sp. 3434 BRRJ. Bacillus sp. 3434 BRRJ was cultured in the raw wastewater and synthetic medium at the 5 L reactor. The best optimum conditions for P removal by Bacillus sp. 3434BRRJ in the synthetic medium at the 5 L reactor were as follows: temperature, $30^{\circ}C$; P concentration, 20 mg/L; carbon sources, glucose + acetate (1:1); oxygen concentration, alternatively anaerobic and aerobic conditions. P removal efficiency under the optimum condition was 89.4%. In case of wastewater, P removal efficiency was 95.5% under controlled at $30^{\circ}C$. Through this study we confirmed that P removal by Bacillus sp. 3434BRRJ in case of wastewater was as effective as the synthetic medium. It is considered that Bacillus sp. 3434 BRRJ can be applied to the treatment of wastewater in order to biologically remove P from the wastewater on a large scale.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.311-324
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• 1992

Polymeric substances in organic matter of soils aggregate soil particles into a crumb structure which greatly influences such properties as water movement, aeration and heat transfer. Poorly-structured soils may be improved by the incorporation of synthetic polymers where the main objects are : promoting germination or establishing crops, improving drainage, combating wind and water erosion, and reducing evaporation from the surface of soil under arid condition.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2012

유기질비료(Organic fertilizer)는 천연유기질(Natural organic) 비료와 합성유기질(Synthetic organic) 비료로 구분이 된다. 천연유기질비료의 장점은 그동안의 선행연구를 통해서 많이 보고되어왔다. 그러나 예지물을 이용한 시비효과에 대한 연구결과는 제한적이다. 본 연구는 예지물을 발효시켜 제조된 천연유기질비료로서의 골프장의 fairway 및 athletic fields 에서 많이 사용되고 있는 Kentucky bluegrass 생육에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해서 수행하였다. 생초복합비료는 Kentucky bluegrass 로부터 수거된 예지물을 모아 부숙과정 없이 미립자로 분쇄한 후 $28^{\circ}C$에서 약 2개월간 발효시킨 후 생성된 발효액에 유용미생물(Effective Microorganism, EM) 군으로 제조된 활성액을 3% 혼합하여 제조하였다. 잔디에 대한 각 질소의 시비효과는 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP)에서 제시한 방법에 준하여 잔디의 품질을 시각적평가를 통해 매 2주마다 조사하였다(1=worst, 9=best, and 6=acceptable). 생초복합비료와 천연유기질비료와의 비교에서는 품질의 변화폭이 일정하고 최소수용품질 이상의 품질을 나타내기에 생초복합비료가 그 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 속효성비료인 urea 와의 비교에서 그 차이가 더 크게 나타났다. 그러나 생초복합비료의 시비 빈도간에 따른 차이는 본 실험에서 나타나지 않았다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.202-207
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• 2011

유기질비료(Organic fertilizer)는 천연유기질(Natural organic) 비료와 합성유기질(Synthetic organic) 비료로 구분이 된다(Christians, 2011). 천연유기질비료의 장점은 그동안의 선행 연구를 통해서 많이 보고되어왔다. 그러나 예지물을 이용한 시비효과에 대한 연구결과는 제한적이다. 본 연구는 예지물을 발효시켜 제조된 천연유기질비료로서의 액상비료가 putting green에 많이 사용되고 있는 Creeping bentgrass 생육에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해서 수행하였다. 액상비료는 Kentucky bluegrass로부터 수거된 예지물을 모아 부숙 과정 없이 미립자로 분쇄한 후 $28^{\circ}C$에서 약 2개월간 발효시킨 후 생성된 발효액에 유용미생물(Effective Microorganism, EM) 군으로 제조된 활성액을 3% 혼합하여 제조하였다. 잔디에 대한 각 질소의 시비효과는 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP)에서 제시한 방법에 준하여 잔디의 품질을 시각적평가를 통해 매 2주마다 조사하였다(1=worst, 9=best, and 6=acceptable). LF와 NO와의 비교에서 고온기간인 8월 20일과 9월 3일에 각각 LF가 NO에 비해 더 좋은 품질을 보여주었다. Urea가 고온기간에 비료피해가 나타난 것에 비교하여 LF의 경우 고온기간동안 비료피해가 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: The use of green manure and compost as organic fertilizer may increase crop yield and soil fertility due to improved soil nutrient availability and soil organic matter content (SOM). This study aimed to investigate the effects of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) and compost application on red pepper growth, yield, fruit quality and soil health. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatments were no fertilizer (CON), chemical fertilizer (CF), hairy vetch (HV), and livestock compost+HV (LC+HV). Red pepper seedlings (70 days old) were transplanted and maintained in experimental plots for 140 days. Plant dry weight, micro- and macronutrient contents of plants and soil chemical properties were determined. All fertilizer treatments significantly increased plant dry weight. Fruit yield was significantly highest with HV treatment. As for nutrient content, plants in HV and LC+HV treatments have significantly higher K and Ca contents than the other treatments. Regarding soil properties, HV and LC+HV application significantly altered the soil chemical properties. Significantly higher SOM was observed in HV and LC+HV treated soils. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that short-term application of hairy vetch and compost is an effective alternative to the conventional chemical fertilizer to increase fruit yield red pepper and improve soil health.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.458-462
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• 2013

A drainage ditch is normally a component of drainage networks in farming systems to remove surplus water, but at the same time, it may act as a major conduit of agricultural nonpoint source pollutions such as sediment, nitrogen, phosphorus, and so on. The hybrid turbidity reduction system using biodegradable check dam and synthetic polymer was developed in this study to manage pollutant discharge from agricultural farmlands during rainfall events and/or irrigation periods. The performance of this hybrid system was assessed using a laboratory open channel sized in 10m-length and 0.2m-width. Various check dams using agricultural byproducts (e.g., rice straw, rice husks, coconut fiber and a mixture of rice husks and coconut fiber) were tested and additional physical factors (e.g., channel slope, flowrate, PAM dosage, turbidity level, etc.) affecting on turbidity reduction were applied to assess their performance. A series of lab experiments clearly showed that the hybrid turbidity reduction system could play a significant role as a supplementary of Best Management Practice (BMP). Moreover, the findings of this study could facilitate to develop an advanced BMP for minimizing nonpoint source pollution from agricultural farmlands and ultimately to achieve the sustainable agriculture.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.230-235
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• 1999

To study the effects of an urease inhibitor, N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), and a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), on nitrogen losses and nitrogen use efficiency, urea fertilizer with or without inhibitors and slowrelease fertilizer (synthetic thermoplastic resins coated urea) were applied to direct-seeded flooded rice fields in 1998. In the urea and the urea+DCD treatments, NH$_4$$^{+}$ -N concentrations reached 50 mg N L$^{-1}$ after application. Urea+NBPT and urea+ NBPT+DCD treatments maintained NH$_4$$^{+}$ -N concentrations below 10 mg N L$^{-1}$ in the floodwater, while the slow-release fertilizer application maintained the lowest concentration of NH$_4$$^{+}$ -N in floodwater. The ammonia losses of urea+NBPT and urea+NBPT+DCD treatments were lower than those of urea and urea+DCD treatments during the 30 days after fertilizer application. It was found that N loss due to ammonia volatilization was minimized in the treatments of NBPT with urea and the slow-release fertilizer. The volatile loss of urea+DCD treatment was not significantly different from that of urea surface application. It was found that NBPT delayed urea hydrolysis and then decreased losses due to ammonia volatilization. DCD, a nitrification inhibitor, had no significant effect on ammonia loss under flooded conditions. The slow-release fertilizer application reduced ammonia volatilization loss most effectively. As N0$_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N concentrations in the soil water indicated that leaching losses of N were negligible, DCD was not effective in inhibiting nitrification in the flooded soil. The amount of N in plants was especially low in the slow-release fertilizer treatment during the early growth stage for 15 days after fertilization. The amount of N in the rice plants, however, was higher in the slow-release fertilizer treatment than in other treatments at harvest. Grain yields in the treatments of slow-release fertilizer, urea+NBPT+ DCD and urea+NBPT were significantly higher than those in the treatments of urea and urea+DCD. NBPT treatment with urea and the slow-release fertilizer application were effective in both reducing nitrogen losses and increasing grain yield by improving N use efficiency in direct-seeded flooded rice field.field.