• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1689-1697
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• 2013

This study was designed to determine the effect of physical form and urea treatment of rice straw on rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and nutrient digestibility. Four rumen-fistulated dairy steers were randomly assigned according to a 2 (2 factorial arrangement in a 4 (4 Latin square design to receive four dietary treatments. Factor A was roughage source: untreated rice straw (RS) and urea-treated (3%) rice straw (UTRS), and factor B was type of physical form of rice straw: long form rice straw (LFR) and chopped (4 cm) rice straw (CHR). The steers were offered the concentrate at 0.5% body weight (BW) /d and rice straw was fed ad libitum. DM intake and nutrient digestibility were increased (p<0.05) by urea treatment. Ruminal pH were decreased (p<0.05) in UTRS fed group, while ruminal ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were increased (p<0.01) by urea treatment. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations increased (p<0.01) when steers were fed UTRS. Furthermore, VFA concentrations were not altered by treatments (p>0.05), except propionic acid (C3) was increased (p<0.05) in UTRS fed group. Nitrogen (N) balance was affected by urea treatment (p<0.05). Microbial protein synthesis (MCP) synthesis were greater by UTRS and CHR group (p<0.05). The efficiency of microbial N synthesis was greater for UTRS than for RS (p<0.05). From these results, it can be concluded that using the long form combined with urea treatment of rice straw improved feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and efficiency of microbial N synthesis in crossbred dairy steers.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.71-95
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• 1995

Bacteria have been regarded as a one of major etiologic factors in root canal infections. In endodontic treatment the effective removal of pathogenic microorganisms in the root canal is the key to successful outcome. Bacterial cell wall components may play an important role in the development of pulpal and periapical disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sonic extracts of Streptococcus spp. on cultured L929 cells and to characterize cell wall protein profiles of Streptococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. were isolated from infected root canals and identified with Vitek Systems(Biomeriux, USA). Five streptococci, namely S. sanguis, S. mitis, S uberis, S. mutans (ATCC 10449) and S. faecalis (ATCC 19433) weere enriched in brain heart infusion broth. Cell pellets were sonicated and cell wall extracts were dialyzed and membrane filtered. Prepared cell wall proteins were applied to cultured L929 cell. The cell reaction were evaluated by monitoring DNA synthesis, cell numbers and the change of cell morphology. The total cell wall protein profiles of microorganisms were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel eledruphoresis(SDS-PAGE). DNA synthesis of L929 cells were reduced by the increasing concentration of sonic extracts. DNA synthesis was significantly suppressed in more than $50{\mu}g$/ml of sonic extract conentration in five streptococci. S. nutans (ATCC 10449) showed stronger suppression on DNA synthesis than remaining four streptococci, which had the similar effect on DNA synthesis. Analysis of DNA synthesis measured by [$^3H$]-thymidine uptake was more sensitvie method than cell counting. Sonic extracts affected the microscopic findings of L929 cells. The protein profiles indicated that all five strains shared two major proteins with molecular masses of 70.8 and 57.5 kD respectively. S. uberis and S. mutans shared common minor proteins of which molecular weights were 147.9 and 112.2 kD respectively. However some minor proteins were unique for S. mitis, S. uberis and S. faecalis.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effects of Kaejibokryungwhan, Sobokchugeotang and Dohongsamultang on mesangial cell proliferation and fibronectin synthesis, laboratory study was performed. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Mesangial cell proliferation was significantly decreased in the Kaejibokryungwhan group and the Dohongsamultang group compared with the Control group. In the Sobokchugeotang group, the mesangia1 cell proliferation activity was lesser than Control group, but it was statistically non-significant. In Kaejibokryungwhan group, the Sobokchugeotang group and Dohongsamultang group, mesangial cell proliferation was significantly decreased compared with the Hydrocortisone group 2. In the group, which contained fetal bovine serum, fibronectin synthesis was decreased in the Kaejibokryungwhan group, the Sobokchugeotang group and Dohongsamultang group compared with Control group, but the difference was statistically non-significant. In Kaejibokryungwhan group, Sobokchugeotang group and Dohongsamultang group, fibronectin was less decreased compared with that of Hydrocortisone group. 3. In the group, which contained fetal bovine serum, fibronectin synthesis was significantly decreased in Kaejibokryungwhan group and Sobokchugeotang group than those of Control group. In Dohongsamultang group, the fibronectin synthesis was decreased than Control group, but the difference was statistically non-significant. In Sobokchugeotang group, the fibronectin synthesis was decreased than Hydrocortisone group, but it was statistically non-significant. According to the above results, the mesangial cell proliferation and fibronectin systhesis could be reduced by Kaejibokryungwhan group significantly.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.474-478
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• 1999

Modulation of unscheduled DNA synthesis by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) after exposure to various chemical carcinogens was investigated in the primary rat hepatocytes. Unscheduled DNA synthesis was induced by treatment of such direct acting carcinogens as methly methanesulfonate (MMS) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) or procarcinogens including benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Unscheduled DNA synthesis was determined by measuring [methyl-3H]thymidine radioactivity incorporated into nuclear DNA of hepatocytes treated with carcinogens in the presence or absence of DHEA. Hydroxyurea $(5{\times}10^{-3} M)$was added to growth medium to selectively suppress normal replication. DHEA at concentrations ranging from $(1{\times}10^{-6} M)$ to$(5{\times}10^{-4} M)$ did not significantly inhibit unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by either MMS $(1{\times}10^{-4} M)$ or EMS $(1{\times}10^{-2} M)$. In contrast, DHEA-significantly inhibited unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by BaP $(6.5{\times}10^{-5} M)$ and DMBA.$(2{\times}10^{-5} M)$. DHEA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats was examined using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release as an indicator of cytotoxicity. DHEA exhibit no significant increase in LDH release compared with the control at 18 h. These data suggest that nontoxic concentration of DHEA does not affect the DNA excision repair process, but it probably influence the enzymatic system responsible for the metabolic activation of procarcinogens and thereby decreases the amount of the effective DNA adducts formed by the ultimate reactive carcinogenic species.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.418-421
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• 2007

The nucleotide at position 791(G791) of E. coli 16S rRNA was previously identified as an invariant residue for ribosomal function. In order to characterize the functional role of G791, base substitutions were introduced at this position, and mutant ribosomes were analyzed with regard to their protein synthesis ability, via the use of a specialized ribosome system. These ribosomal RNA mutations attenuated the ability of ribosomes to conduct protein synthesis by more than 65%. A transition mutation (G to A) exerted a moderate effect on ribosomal function, whereas a transversion mutation (G to C or U) resulted in a loss of protein synthesis ability of more than 90%. The sucrose gradient profiles of ribosomes and primer extension analysis showed that the loss of protein-synthesis ability of mutant ribosomes harboring a base substitution from G to U at position 791 stems partially from its inability to form 70S ribosomes. These findings show the involvement of the nucleotide at position 791 in the association of ribosomal subunits and protein synthesis steps after 70S formation, as well as the possibility of using 16S rRNA mutated at position 791 for the selection of second-site revertants in order to identify ligands that interact with G791 in protein synthesis.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.36-49
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• 1998

HERBA SAURURI (HS) has been known to use antiinflammatory drug. To investigated the mechanism of HS-induced NO synthesis, I evaluated the ability of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors such as staurosporine (STSN) or polyymyxin B to block HS-induced effects. HS alone had only a small effect, whereas in combination with $rIFN-{\gamma}$, markedly increased NO synthesis in a dose dependent manner. STSN and polymyxin B decreased NO synthesis, which had been induced by $rIFN-{\gamma}$, plus HS. Furthermore, prolonged incubation of the cells with phorbol ester, which down-regulates PKC activity abolished synergistic cooperative effect of HS with $rIFN-{\gamma}$ on NO synthesis. STSN and Polymyxin B potently inhibited HS-induced $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion by $rIFN-{\gamma}$ plus HS. However, $rIFN-{\gamma}$ plus $TNF-{\alpha}-induced$ NO synthesis was not blocked by STSN or polymyxin B. On the other hand, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, blocked the NO synthesis and $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion by $rIFN-{\gamma}$ plus HS. In conlusion, the present results strongly suggest that the capacity of HS to increase NO synthesis from $rIFN-{\gamma}-primed$ macrophages is the result of HS-induced $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion via the signal transduction pathway of PKC and tyrosine kinase.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1998

In this paper, we design an optimal model following ${\mu}-$synthesis control system for fuel-injection of diesel engine which has robust performance and satisfactory command tracking performance in spite of uncertainties of the system. To do this, we give gain and dynamics parameters to the weighting functions and apply genetic algorithm with reference model to the optimal determination of the weighting functions that are given by the D-K iteration method which can design ${\mu}-$synthesis controller in the state space. These weighting functions are optimized simultaneously in the search domain which guarantees the robust performance of the system. The ${\mu}-$synthesis control system for fuel-injection designed by the above method has not only the robust performance but also a better command tracking performance than those of the ${\mu}-$synthesis control system designed by trial-and-error method. The effectiveness of this ${\mu}-$synthesis control system for fuel-injection is verified by computer simulation.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.474-478
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• 2008

효율적인 UDP-glucose regeneration system을 구축하기 위해서 재순환 시스템에 관여하는 4가지 효소 (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, UDP-Kinase gene, UDP-galactose 4-epimerase, and $\beta$-1, 4-galactasyltrasnsferase)들을 E. coli AD202에서 발현 시켜 Disaccharide 합성 정도를 보았다. Disaccharide는 0.5 mM IPTG 농도에서 가장 높은 농도를 나타내었다. 대조구와 비교한 결과 LacNAc 농도는 1.34 mM로 10배 정도 정가하였고, lactose 농도는 0.39 mM로 대조구보다 2.6배 증가하였다. 총 disaccharide 농도는 1.73 mM 이며, 대조구 보다 6.5배 높은 생산성을 보였다. 본 논문은 결과는 metabolic flux regeneration으로 disaccharides 합성을 증가시킬 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.461-469
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• 2000

본 논문은 인터넷 웹페이지의 텍스트 정보를 추출하여 이를 음성으로 합성하기 위한 음성합성 엔진 및 넷스케이프 플러그인의 설계 및 구현에 관한 것이다. 인터넷 웹페이지를 음성으로 합성하는 방법은 audio/x-esp MIME 타입을 임베딩한 웹페이지가 발견되면서 이에 상응하는 플러그-인이 작되며 해당 플러그인은 URL로 지정된 HTML 문서를 네트워크에서 가져와 컴맨더 모브젝트에 보내교, 컴맨더 오브젝트는 HTML 문서를 파싱하여 합성엔진 제어용 TAG를 추출한다. 제어용 TAG에는 음성합성 데이터베이스 변경 및 합성음의 길이 또는 피치조절 파라미터 등의 정보를 갖고 있어 동적으로 합성음을 제어할 수 있다. 또한 컴맨더 오브젝트는 HTML 문서 내부의 특정 태그로 지정된 문장을 추출하여 전처리 과정을 수행한 후 합성엔진을 위한 컴맨드 스트림을 발생한다. 음성합성엔진은 컴맨드 스트림을 훼치(Fetch)하여 명령어를 해석하고 해당 명령어를 상응하는 멤버함수를 실행하여 음성을 합성한다. 컴맨더 오브젝트와 음성합성엔진은 각각 독립적인 객체로 설계하여 이식성과 유연성을 높인다.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.141-145
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 입력 동작에 대하여 상위수준 합성을 수행한 후, 합성결과를 SystemC 코드로 전환하는 C-to-SystemC 합성기를 설계 및 구현하였다. 구현된 합성기의 처리과정은 C 소스코드로 기술된 입력 동작을 list 스케줄링 알고리즘을 이용하여 스케줄링한 후, 스케줄링 결과에 left-edge 알고리즘을 이용하여 레지스터 할당을 수행한다. 레지스터 할당 정보를 이용하여 합성기는 채널 및 포트와 같은 SystemC 특성들로 표현된 SystemC 모듈의 코드를 최종적으로 생성한다. C-to-SystemC 합성기의 동작은 EWF(elliptic wave filter)의 합성결과인 SystemC 모듈의 코드를 시뮬레이션하여 검증한다. C-to-SystemC 합성기는 SystemC 설계방법론의 모델링단계부터 합성단계에 이르는 툴 체인의 한 부분으로 사용될 수 있으며, 생성된 SystemC 모듈은 C 모듈에 비해 재사용이 용이하고 다른 SystemC 모듈과 SystemC 채널을 통하여 별도의 추가처리 없이 통신할 수 있다.