• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.449-456
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• 2014

The use of synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SFMSCs) obtained from patients with degenerative arthropathy may serve as an alternative therapeutic strategy in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). For treatment of OA and RA patients, autologous transplantation of differentiated MSCs has several beneficial effects for cartilage regeneration including immunomodulatory activity. In this study, we induced chondrogenic differentiation of SFMSCs by inhibiting protein kinase A (PKA) with a small molecule and microRNA (miRNA). Chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by PCR and immunocytochemistry using probes specific for aggrecan, the major cartilaginous proteoglycan gene. Absorbance of alcian blue stain to detect chondrogenic differentiation was increased in H-89 and/or miRNA-23b-transfected cells. Furthermore, expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 was decreased in treated1 cells. Therefore, differentiation of SFMSCs into chondrocytes through inhibition of PKA signaling may be a therapeutic option for OA or RA patients.

• 대한임상약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.12a
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• pp.39-39
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• 1994

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.165.2-166
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• 2002

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.172-183
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• 2020

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is considered as a promising therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because of its involvement in inflammatory processes. However, limited studies have reported the involvement of PI3KC2γ in RA, and the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of PI3KC2γ as a novel therapeutic target for RA and the effect of its selective inhibitor, PBT-6. In this study, we observed that PI3KC2γ was markedly increased in the synovial fluid and tissue as well as the PBMCs of patients with RA. PBT-6, a novel PI3KC2γ inhibitor, decreased the cell growth of TNF-mediated synovial fibroblasts and LPS-mediated macrophages. Furthermore, PBT-6 inhibited the PI3KC2γ expression and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in both synovial fibroblasts and macrophages. In addition, PBT-6 suppressed macrophage migration via CCL2 and osteoclastogenesis. In CIA mice, it significantly inhibited the progression and development of RA by decreasing arthritis scores and paw swelling. Three-dimensional micro-computed tomography confirmed that PBT-6 enhanced the joint structures in CIA mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that PI3KC2γ is a therapeutic target for RA, and PBT-6 could be developed as a novel PI3KC2γ inhibitor to target inflammatory diseases including RA.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 2006

This is a case report on the occurrence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) disease among dairy goats in a local farm located in Yeongdong-gun, Chungbuk. Previously, it was reported that the farm experienced intermittent deaths numbering 15 of the 97 goats raised for 5 months. Most of the goats less than 6 months of age were suffering from ataxia and posterior paresis, body tremor and abnormal head posterior. Affected animals frequently had stunted growth and had a rough coat. Goats more than 6 months of age were affected with an insidious, chronic arthritis characterized by articular swelling ('big knee') of the carpal, hock, and stifle joints. Necropsy revealed severely swollen mesenteric lymph nodes, under- flow of 2-3ml synovial fluid in the articular space and fibrous proliferation of synovial membrane. Histopathological examination showed perivascular accumulations of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the white matter of the brain, proliferative synovitis characterized by villous hypertrophy, synovial cell hyperplasia and infiltration by mononuclear inflammatory cells. Pulmonary lesions consists of patchy interstitial pneumonia with hyperplasia of lymphoid tissues and an extensive mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration into the alveolar septa. Confirmation by nested PCR involves amplification of a 296 bp (lst PCR) and 184 bp (2nd PCR) fragments corresponding to the gag region of the CAE virus. This is the first time CAE has been reported in a local farm in Korea and emphasizes the importances of developing preventive measures against CAE.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.112-115
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• 1997

While the cruciate ligament has a profuse vascular response following injury, spontaneous repair does not occur. This may result from the fact that synovial fluid dilution of the hematoma following injury prevents the formation of a fibrin clot and thus the initiation of the healing mechanism. Another theory suggests that the dynamic nature of the fascicles of the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) through even small ranges of motion prohibits spontaneous union to these fibers. But we experienced two cases of spontaneous healing of partially injured ACL. Initially they showed more than grade II anterior instability. 6 mm difference by stress roentgenographs(pull view) and difference of 8 mm by KT 1000TM arthrometer between the ACL injured knee and normal side knee. Lax, nearly complete tear of ACL and synovial bleeding were noted during arthroscopic examination but the continuity of synovial membrane was seemed to be intact. These cases were treated by conservative management rather than reconstructive procedure. Postoperatively they showed excellent clinical results, no anterior instability and unlimited athletic activity. Based on our clinical experience. we think that cruciate ligament has the spontaneous healing potential in acute stage and middle aged patient. We consider the microfracture technique and initial immobilization for accelleration of healing response of the ACL.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effects of Clematidis Radix on Proteoglycan(PG) degradation by measuring of body weight, Glycosaminoglycan(GAG), Interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$) in synovial fluid, and PG content of articular cartilage of femur in collagenase-induced arthritis in rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by injection of collagenase(0.1 ml) into knee joint of rats. Arthritic rats were divided into control(n=8) and treated(n=8) group. Control group was taken normal saline for 15 days and treated group was taken extracts of Clematidis Radix for same duration. Normal group(n=8) was injected with normal saline and was taken normal saline for 15 days. Body weight was measured at 0, 10, 15 days after injection. GAG, $IL-1{\beta}$ in synovial fluid were measured with ELISA kit at 15 days after injection. PG content of articular cartilage of femur, represented by safranine O staining, was measured at 15 days after injection. Histopathological study on the articular cartilage of knee joint was investigated at 15 days after injection. Results : Body weight, PG of treated group, taken Clematidis Radix, were significantly increased, and GAG was significantly decreased compared with control group. But $IL-1{\beta}$ was not significantly decreased. Conclusions : On the basis of these results, we concluded that Clematidis Radix has inhibiting effects on the proteoglycan degradation in collagenase-induced rat osteoarthritis model.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.39-50
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• 2014

Objectives The objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) on the articular cartilage injuries in rat model of osteoarthritis. Methods Articular cartilage injury was induced by injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) (0.25 mg) into both knee joint cavities of rats. Rats were divided into control group (n=8) and Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) group (n=8), which was taken extracts of Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) by orally for 20 days. At the end of the experiment (20 days after MIA injection), gross and histopathological examinations on the articular structures of knee joints were performed. Proteoglycan (PG) content in articular cartilages was analyzed by safranin O staining method. And also, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) contents in synovial fluid were measured by ELISA method. Results 1. Grossly, the degree of articular cartilage injury in the Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) group was alleviated compared with the control group. 2. PG content in articular cartilage of the Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) group was increased significantly compared with the control group. 3. Histopathologically, osteoarthritic score of the Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) group was decreased significantly compared with the control group. 4. TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ content in synovial fluid of the Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) group was increased compared with the control group. But there was no significance. Conclusions On the basis of these results, we suggest that Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) have inhibiting effects on the progression of articular cartilage injury in MIA-induced osteoarthritis model.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.212-218
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• 2003

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the normal morphogenesis, maintenance, and repair of matrix and also have important functions in pathologic conditions characterized by excessive degradation of extracellular matrix, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontitis and in tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, expression of MMP-1 and -2 mRNA in retrodiscal tissue of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was examined and compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical findings. MMP mRNAs in the retrodiscal tissue samples were detected by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction. TMJ internal derangement (ID) was categorized as normal disc position, disc displacement with reduction, early stage of disc displacement without reduction (DDsR) and late stage of DDsR. TMJ osteoarthrosis (OA) was classified with normal, mild and advanced OA. The amount of synovial fluid collection was divided into not detected, small, large and extremely large amount on MR T2-weighted imaging. Perforation and adhesion were examined during open surgery of the TMJ. Six out of 37 samples were excluded because of little amount of extracted total mRNA. MMP-2 mRNA was detected whole joints, and so the MMP-2 mRNA seems to be expressed normally in retrodiscal tissue. However, MMP-1 mRNA was expressed in 8 of 31 joints. Frequencies of MMP-1 mRNA expression according to the TMJ IDs, amount of synovial fluid and surgical findings made no significant difference. MMP-1 mRNA was detected more frequently in OA groups (7/16 joints, 43.8%) than in normal bony structure group (1/15 joints, 6.7%). Expression of MMP-1 mRNA in retrodiscal tissue might be related with OA of the TMJ.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

Septic tenosynovitis of the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) is a potentially career-ending and life-threatening problem in horses. This study aimed to describe the outcomes of tenoscopy for the treatment of acute septic digital flexor tenosynovitis in horses. Tenoscopy was performed on 13 Thoroughbred horses with acute septic tenosynovitis of the DFTS. Surgical time was 56-148 min (mean 85.6 min, median 84.0 min). In the synovial fluid analysis, mean white blood cell count, mean neutrophil proportion, and mean total protein were $42.9{\times}10^3cells/{\mu}l$ (range, $7.2-109.5cells/{\mu}l$), 89.5% (range, 68-97%), and 4.0 g/dl (range, 2.5-5.2 g/dl), respectively. Microbial growth in the synovial fluid culture was detected in 2 of 11 horses. All horses survived and returned to their intended use without complications. The present study demonstrated that the tenoscopy is useful for treating acute septic tenosynovitis of the DFTS in horses.