• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2007

Background: Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 is a potent chemoattractant for activated T cells into the inflamed Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. To determine the effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on the production of SDF-1 in the inflamed RA synovium. Methods: The expression of SDF-1 and MIF in RA and Osteoarthritis (OA) synovium was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The SDF-1 was quantified by RT-PCR and ELISA after RA fibroblast like synoviocyte (FLS) were treated with MIF in the presence and absence of inhibitors of intracellular signal molecules. The synovial fluid (SF) and serum levels of MIF and SDF-1 in RA, OA and healthy control were measured by ELISA. Results: Expression of SDF-1 and MIF in synovium was higher in RA patients than in OA patients. The production of SDF-1 was enhanced in RA FLS by MIF stimulation. Such effect of MIF was blocked by the inhibitors of NF-${\kappa}B$. Concentrations of SDF-1 in the serum and SF were higher in RA patients than in OA patients and healthy control. SDF-1 and MIF was overexpressed in RA FLS, and MIF could up-regulate the production of SDF-1 in RA FLS via NF-${\kappa}B$-mediated pathways. Conclusion: These results suggest that an inhibition of interaction between MIF from T cells and SDF-1 of FLS may provide a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of RA.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.161-175
• /
• 2002

봉독은 거풍습(祛風濕), 지통(止痛), 해경평천(解痙平喘), 소종강압(消腫降壓)의 효능으로 오랫동안 통증과 염증성 질환을 치료하는데 이용되어져 왔는데 최근에는 면역관련질환치료에 응용하여 좋은 결과가 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 Rheumatoid arthritis와 유사한 형태의 대표적 실험모델로 알려진 실험용 쥐의 Type II collagen 유발 관절염(Type II collagen induced arthritis : CIA)의 활액에서 봉독약침이 단백분해효소와 유리기 손상에 미치는 면역억제효과를 알아보기 위해 실행되었다. 본 실험에서는 CIA가 유발된 실험용 쥐에 봉독약침($5{\mu}l/kg$)을 처리한 실험군과 대조군으로서 CIA 유발 쥐에 생리식염수를 처리한 군(CIA군), 정상적인 쥐에 생리식염수로 처리한 군(정상군)으로 구분하여 각 군들의 일련의 표본에서 세포질, 리소좀, 간질성 단백분해효소의 활성과 유리기로 인한 단백질 손상정도를 (carbonyl 유도체를 측정하여)서로 비교하였다. 그 결과 각 군의 활액표본에서는 많은 종 류의 단백분해효소가 정산군보다 CIA군에서 유의하게 활성이 높았으며, 봉독약침($5{\mu}l/kg$)을 처리한 군에서 효소들의 활성이 유의하게 감소하였다. 그러나 각 군들의 혈장표본에서는 이 효소들의 활성은 서로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이는 혈장속의 면역반응과 연관되리라고 추측되는 단백분해효소들의 활성변화는 병인적 측면에서 RA와 같은 염증성관절 질환과는 큰 상관성이 없다는 것을 의미한다. Carbonyl 유도체 측정으로 평가한 유리기 손상은 활액과 현장표본에서 모두 봉독약침($5{\mu}l/kg$)을 처리한 군에서 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 단백분해효소와 유리기의 활성은 RA의 병인학적 측면에서 모두 잠재적인 중요성을 가지고 있으므로 향후 새로운 RA치료법은 이들 단백분해효소의 활성저해와 유리기의 소거능을 포함해야 한다고 사료되며 봉독약침은 이러한 2가지 효능을 포함한 효과적인 치료라고 평가된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.168-172
• /
• 2003

Radiation synovectomy is one of the most useful methods for treating patients with refractory synovitis because of its convenience, long-term effects, repeatability and the avoidance of surgery. In this study, we investigated the toxicity, stability and biodistribution of a rhenium-188 ($^{188}$Re)-tin colloid to evaluate its suitability as a synovectomy agent. Twenty four hours after injecting the $^{188}$Re-tin colloids (74 KBq/0.1 mL) into the tail vein of ICR mice, most of the $^{188}$Retin colloidal particles was found in the lungs. In addition, there were no particle size changes at either room temperature or at $37^{\circ}C$ after injecting the $^{188}$Re-tin colloids in human plasma and synovial fluid. In vitro stability tests showed that the $^{188}$Re-tin colloid remained in a colloidal form without a critical size variation over a 2-day period. We investigated the leakage of $^{188}$Retin colloids from the intraarticular injection site with gamma counting in New Zealand white rabbits. The $^{188}$Re-tin colloids (55.5 MBq/0.15 mL) were injected at the cavum articular and the mean retention percentage of the $^{188}$Re-tin colloid was 98.7% for 1 day at the injection site, which suggests that there was neither change in the particle size nor leakage at the injection sites. In the biodistribution study with the SD rats, the liver showed the highest radioactivity (0.0427% ID/organ) except for the injected knees (99.49%). In the SD rats, mild toxicities including the skin or a synovium inflammation were observed as a result of a radioactivity of 15 mCi/kg at the intraarticular injection site. However, there was no systemic toxicity. In the Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced arthritic rabbits, the $^{188}$Re-tin colloid improved the macroscopic, the histological score and reduced the knee joint diameter when compared to the arthritic control. In conclusion, a $^{188}$Re-tin-colloid is considered as a strong candidate for radiation synovectomy with a superior efficacy and safety.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제24권3호통권78호
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 1996

Phospholipase $A_2(PLA_2)$는 생체막의 주요 구성성분인 인지질의 sn-2위치에서 지방산 ester 결합을 가수분해하는 효소로 염증과 관련된 질병에 있어서 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려졌다. 본 연구에서는 항염증 치료제의 개발을 목표로 $PLA_2$의 특이적 저해물질을 탐색하던 중 Umbilicaria esculenta석이(石耳)의 메탄올 추출물로부터 $PLA_2$ 저해활성을 갖는 두 화합물 G2, G3를 분리하였다. 활성물질의 분리는 U. esculenta의 메탄올 추출물을 에틸아세테이트로 추출하고 실리카 젤 컬럼, 크로로포름 추출, preparative TLC 등에 의하여 정제하였다. 각종 스펙트럼 분석 및 $^1H,\;^{13}C$, DEPT 등의 NMR 실험에 의하여 G2 화합물은 분자량 124, 분자식 $C_7H_8O_2$ 5-methyl-1,3-benzendiol(orcinol), G3 화합물은 분자량 182, 분자식 $C_9H_{10}O_4$의 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-benzoic acid methyl ester(methyl orsellinic acid) 페놀성 화합물로 동정하였다. 본 화합물의 $PLA_2$ 저해활성은 $IC_{50}$값이 G2의 경우 0.22 mM, G3의 경우 0.26 mM이었다. 그 후 이 두 화합물의 in vivo 염증모델에서 그 효능을 검토할 예정이다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.32-34
• /
• 2007

3개월 령, 35kg의 수컷 볼조이가 간헐적인 좌측 전지 파행을 주 증상으로 내원 하였다. 1년 전 심한 운동 후 간헐적인 파행 및 동통을 호소하였으며, 증상은 계속 악화되었다. 신체 검사 상에서 좌측 두갈래근의 촉진과 견관절의 굴곡 및 신장 시에 통증을 호소하였다. 일반방사선 검사에서 좌측 견관절의 결절사이고랑에서 골증식체와 관절주위변성이 관찰되었다. 관절 조영상에서는 좌측 두갈래근 힘줄에 거칠고 불규칙한 영상을 확인할 수 있었다. 활액 검사 상에서는 퇴행성 관절 질환 소견이 보였다. 이상의 검사들을 바탕으로 두갈래근 힘줄 윤활막염으로도 진단하고, 내과적 치료를 실시하였다. 무균적으로methylprednisolone acetate 40mg을 관절낭 내로 주사하고, 3주간 엄격한 운동 제한을 실시하였다. 3주 후 내원 시 두갈래근 힘줄의 통증은 완전히 소실되었으나 퇴행성 관절염에 의한 경등도의 파행이 존재하여 NSAIDs의 투여를 실시하였다. 장기적인 예후의 관찰이 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 원발질환의 재발 시에는 2차 약물치료 또는 힘줄 절단술(힘줄 고정술, 힘줄박리술)등 을 통한 수술적인 치료가 고려될 수 있다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.51-69
• /
• 2014

Objectives This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Sibjeondaebotanggamibang (SJT) on the wound-induced rats. Methods It was observed the effects of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation by using of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. For the observing on SJT anti-oxidation, it needed to mesure the total amount of polyphenol, DPPH scavenging ability, ABTS scavenging ability and the value of ROS production. In order to observe on the anti-inflammation of SJT, it was mesured the value of No and Cytokine (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6). It needed to make a scar (around $2{\times}2cm^2$) on the top of the fascia in the back of the rats and then the rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Control group was not treated at all, whereas SJ group was orally medicated SJT, Terra group was per-cutaneously applied Terramycin, and SJ+Terra group was both orally medicated SJT and percutaneously applied Terramycin per day for three weeks. The size of wound was measured with Digimatic Caliper and the blood samples (WBC, neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte) were analyzed using Minos-ST, which were collected by cardiac puncture. The effect on inflammatory cytokine (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6), immunological cells in synovial fluid was measured. To measure the wound factor expressed by wounded skin sample, we extracted RNA and to investigate MMP-1,2,9 we used RT-PCR. For performing histopathological examinations, we paralyzed the rats by ether, and extracted wounded skin tissues, which were measured by H & E, and monitored on the optical microscope. Results 1. DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity of SJT was increased concentration-dependantly, and ROS scavenging activity was significantly increased (10, $100{\mu}g/ml$). 2. NO production was significantly reduced in SJT treated cells ($100{\mu}g/ml$), both TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 in SJT treated cells (1, 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$), and IL-$1{\beta}$ in SJT treated cells (1, $100{\mu}g/ml$). 1. The size of wound was significantly decreasing in SJ group, Terra group, SJ+Terra group. 2. WBC was significantly reduced in SJ and SJ+Terra group, monocyte in SJ+Terra group. Neutrophil was also reduced in SJ, SJ+Terra group but meaningless. 3. TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 were significantly reduced in SJ group, Terra group, SJ+Terra group, and IL-$1{\beta}$ in SJ+Terra group. 4. mRNA expression in MMP-1 was significantly reduced in SJ group. 5. Collegan production and chronic inflammation were significantly decreased in SJ group, Terra group, SJ+Terra groups. Re-epithelization on the skin in Terra group, SJ+Terra groups was decreased. Conclusions According to this in vitro experiment, Sibjeondaebotanggamibang (SJT) has the effects of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory. By in vivo experiment, SJT has the effects of anti-inflammatory. Moreover, the progress of recovery was found visually, heamatologically, genetically and histopathologically. In conclusion, it could be thought that SJT has effect on the treating of wound.