• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2018

Objectives : Hemorrhoids are one of the most common diseases in humans. Jingyoganghwaltang (JG) and Cheongsimhwan (CS) have been used for treating hemorrhoids in Korean traditional clinical practice. The present study was designed to evaluate the traditional effects of JG and CS on the experimental hemorrhoid model in rats. Methods : Hemorrhoids are closely related to inflammation. Accordingly, we examined the nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophage cell line in order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect. The expression levels of inflammation related genes including IL-1 beta, IL-6, INOS, and TNF-alpha were examined via a real-time quantitative PCR. Croton oil-induced hemorrhagic animal model was used to test the in vivo efficacy against hemorrhoids. The rectal tissues were weighed and the inflammatory proteins were measured to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects. Results : JG and CS have a statistically significant effect on inhibition of NO production and on the reduction of inflammatory gene expression such as IL-1 beta, IL-6, INOS, and TNF-alpha. The synergistic effects of co-treatment of JG and CS were found out in the IL-6 gene expression. The in vivo study using croton oil-induced hemorrhoid model in rat was performed to check the co-treatment effects. As a result, the co-treatment reduced the inflammation of the rectal tissue and decrease the inflammation related protein productions including ICAM1, MMP2 and MMP9. Conclusions : These results suggest that JG and CS co-treatment demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in croton oil-induced hemorrhoid model in rat.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2024

Objectives : This study aimed to predict the effectiveness and potential of Schizonepeta tenuifolia as an anticancer treatment for non-small cell lung cancer through network-based pharmacology and cellular experiment. Methods : To identify the major bioactive compounds in Schizonepeta tenuifolia, we used the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems. The target genes for the cancer treatment were selected using the UniProt database and the networked using Cytoscape. We performed functional enrichment analysis based on the Gene Ontology Biological Process and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathways to predict the mechanisms. To investigate the effect of Schizonepeta tenuifolia on lung cancer cell growth, we treated A549 cells, a lung cancer cell line, with different concentrations of the drug and used the MTT assay for cell viability. Results : Research has shown that the most effective mechanism of active compounds from Schizonepeta tenuifolia is through the pathway of cancer. The results of the network pharmacology analysis indicate that Schizonepeta tenuifolia has potential medicinal value as an adjuvant in anticancer treatment. The concentration-dependent inhibition of cell viability was observed on A549 cells. Furthermore, synergistic anticancer activity with Doxorubicin was also observed. Conclusions : Through a network pharmacological approach, Schizonepeta tenuifolia was predicted to have potential as an anticancer agent, and its efficacy was experimentally demonstrated using A549 cells. These findings suggest that Schizonepeta tenuifolia is a promising candidate for future research.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.160-170
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• 2024

Erwinia amylovora is a plant pathogen that causes fire blight on apples and pears. Bacteriophages, which are viruses that selectively infect specific species of bacteria and are harmless to animal cells, have been considered as biological control agents for the prevention of bacterial pathogens. In this study, we aimed to use bacteriophages that infect E. amylovora as biocontrol agents against fire blight. We isolated bacteriophages Fifi044 and Fifi318 infecting E. amylovora, and characterized their morphology, plaque form, and genetic diversity to use as cocktails for disease control. The stabilities of the two phages were investigated at various temperatures and pH values and under sunlight, and long-term storage experiment was conducted for a year. To evaluate whether the two phages were suitable for use in cocktail form, growth curves of E. amylovora were prepared after treating the bacterial cells with single phages and a phage cocktail. In addition, a disease control test was conducted using immature apples and in vitro cultured apple plantlets to determine the biocontrol effects of the phage cocktail. The two phages were morphologically and genetically different, and highly stable up to 50℃ and pH value from 4 to 10. The phages showed synergistic effect when used as a cocktail in the inhibition of host bacterial growth and the disease control. This study demonstrated that the potential of the phage cocktail as a biocontrol agent for commercial use.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the Hedyotis diffusa extracts against food-borne pathogens. First, the Hedyotis diffusa was extracted with methanol at room temperature and the fractionation of the methanol extracts was carried out by using petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, and methanol respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the Hedyotis diffusa extracts was determined by using a paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The methanol extracts of Hedyotis diffusa showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella flexneri. Synergistic effect in inhibition was observed when Hedyotis diffusa extract was mixed Sophora subprostrata extract as compared to each extracts alone. Finally, the growth inhibition curves were determined by using ethyl acetate extracts of Hedyotis diffusa against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium. The methanol extract of Hedyotis diffusa had strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at the concentration of 4,000 ppm. At this concentration, the growth of Staphylococcus aureus was retarded more than 36 hours and up to 24 hours for Salmonella Typhimurium. In conclusion, the methanol extracts of Hedyotis diffusa inhibit efficiently Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.333-340
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• 1998

The combined effects of primisulfuron and imazethapyr treated with piperonyl butoxide(PBO) on growth inhibition and acetolactate synthase(ALS) activity in corn were studied to identify the tolerance mechanism among corn cultivars. Pioneer 3751 IR showed resistance to primisulfuron and imazethapyr, but Pioneer 3751 and Chalok 2 were susceptible to them. Pioneer 3751 IR was tolerant to primisulfuron regardless of PBO treatment, but Pioneer 3751, Suwon 118 and Chalok 2 were more greatly inhibited by combined treatment of primisulfuron with PBO. Synergistic effect on growth inhibition in Pioneer 3751 IR, Pioneer 3751, Suwon 118 and Chalok 2 was not occurred when imazethapyr was treated with PBO, but Pioneer 3751, Suwon 118 and Chalok 2 tended to inhibit by combined treatment of imazethapyr with PBO. Pioneer 3751 IR showed higher ALS activity than Pioneer 3751 when primisulfuron or imazethapyr was treated. ALS activity was inhibited by primisulfuron at $0.01{\mu}M$ or above and imazethapyr at $1{\mu}M$ or above, and inhibitory effect on ALS activity was observed by primisufuron and imazethapyr treatments with PBO.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2012

Akt is known to play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation, and is also over-expressed in several types of cancer cells. In this study, we explored the anti-proliferative effects of selenium in HT-29 colon cancer cells, mediated through effects on Akt and COX-2. Selenium treatments at different concentrations and for different durations inhibited proliferation of HT-29 colon cancer cells and increased apoptotic cell death. Selenium treatment decreased Akt phosphorylation and COX-2 expression. Treatment with LY294002 (an Akt inhibitor) decreased proliferation of HT-29 cells, while a combined treatment with LY294002 and selenium resulted in even further decreases in cell proliferation. Inactivation of Akt by Akt siRNA treatment abolished these inhibitory effects on cell growth. COX-2 expression decreased in Akt transfected cells compared to non-transfected cells. These results suggest that selenium induced both anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation and COX-2 expression. Selenium treatment also appeared to induce synergistic anti-proliferative effects by inhibition of Akt in HT-29 colon cancer cells.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the Forsythiae Fructus extracts against food-borne pathogens. First, Forsythiae Fructus was extracted with methanol at room temperature and the methanol extracts were fractionated by using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antimicrobial activity of the Forsythiae Fructus extracts was determined by using a paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The methanol extracts of Forsythiae Fructus showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Salmonella paratryphimurium and Salmonella typhimurium. A synergistic effect in inhibition was observed when Forsythiae Fructus extract was mixed with Ulmus davidiana Japonica extract as compared to each extract alone. Finally, the growth inhibition curves were determined by using ethyl acetate extracts of Forsythiae Fructus against Shigella flexneri and Salmonella paratyphimurium. The aqueous extract of Forsythiae Fructus had strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis at the concentration of 10,000 ppm. At this concentration, the growth of Shigella fexneri was retarded for more than 24 hours and for up to 12 hours for Staphylococcus epidermidis. In conclusion, the methanol extracts of Forsythiae Fructus efficiently inhibited Staphylococcus epidermidis and Shigella flexneri.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.347-355
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• 1997

For the selection of plants contained pesticidal active conpounds, 31 families 59 species of native plants were collected and biological activites of their crude extracts against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and allelopathy were examined. Among the screened plants, the crude extracts from the leaves of Ricinus communis and Sophora angustifolia showed 100% and 82% of mortality on brown planthopper at the concentration of 1% (w/v) respectively. Mixed crude extracts of Sophora angustifolia root and Melia azedarach seed exhibited 128${\sim}$155% of synergistic effects on the mortality of brown planthopper. In case of fungicidal activity, the crude extracts from the leaves of 8 plants including Chrysanthemum indicum were inhibitory of the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae at 1%(w/v) soluction. Seed germination of radish (Raphanus sativas) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) was inhibited by 0.5%(w/v) leaf extracts of Pinus densiflora and Quercus acutissima. MeOH extracts of Pinus denislora leaves gave 100% inhibition in seed germintion of radish at 2%(w/v) soluction and showed a complete inhibition in seedling growth of barnyardgrass as well as radish at 5% solution.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2007

The optimum production condition for the antibiotic from Bacillus thuringiensis BK4 was determined, and the suppression rate of Fusarium-wilt by the butanol-extracted antibiotic was verified by employing tomatoes in vitro and in vivo pot tests. Cell growth and antifungal activity were the best when 0.5% xylose and 0.2% peptone No.3 were given as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, in the presence of 5mM $CaCl_2$. The partially purified antibiotic successfully prevented Fusarium oxysporum pathogen in pot experiments. When the pots were treated with both live cells and the partially purified antibiotic, an additive-effect was seen in the suppression of Fusarium-wilt, but synergistic effect was not detected. The antibiotic, denoted BK4, purified by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography was eluted with a single peak at a retention time of 38 min. on prep-HPLC; Minimum inhibition concentration of the homogenous antibiotic was determined to be 50${\mu}$g/ml.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2014

Self-photoinitiating acrylate (SPIA) which can undergo self-initiation under UV irradiation was synthesized by a Michael addition in the presence of a base catalyst. The SPIA polymerizations were investigated by photo-differential scanning calorimeter (photo-DSC) and surface physical properties such as pendulum hardness and pencil hardness. The results showed that the SPIA can cure upon UV irradiation by itself without a photoinitiator. But we found out that both the curing rate and the conversion were too low for the self-curing reaction of SPIA. In order to improve the SPIA curing properties, we introduced the SPIA/cationic hybrid system and observed the effects of the addition of commercial free radical type monomer and photoinitiator on the curing behaviors. SPIA/cationic hybrid system was the best suitable to improve the SPIA curing properties. The kinetic analysis indicated that the cationic monomer and photoinitiator apparently accelerated the cure reaction and rate of the hybrid SPIA system, mostly due to the synergistic effect of cationic monomer and photoinitiator increasing the mobility of active species and the generation of reactive species (free radical, cation) during the photopolymerization process. The physical properties showed that, unlike typical free radical system, the hybrid systems did not show oxygen inhibition effect because of cationic reaction on the coating surface.